• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2002

Leaves of two-week old seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were treated with various concentrations (0, 0.2 and 0.4 $\mu$g/1) of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB-29) and subsequent growth of seedlings, symptoms of oxidative stress and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Compared with the non-treated control, foliar application of PCB-29 decreased both biomass and superoxide ($O_2$) radical production but increased hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde (MDA) formation with increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). Further studies on the isozymes of SOD, peroxidase (POD) and APX showed that all three isozymes of SOD such as Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD, two among four isozymes of POD and all three isozymes of APX were selectively increased in response to PCB. Therefore, we suggest that a possible cause for the reduction of seedling growth by PCB exposure is the oxidative stress including over production of hydrogen peroxide and the selective expression of specific isozymes of some antioxidant enzymes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2004

Objectives : Inhibition of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 or 1A2 is considered a major mechanism of protection against initiation of carcinogenesis. The inhibition of toxic enzymes and CYP were studied with so many oriental herbral medicine. Recently, numerous polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes have been isolated from mushrooms and used as a source of therapeutic agents. The most promising biopharmacological activities of these polymers are their immunomodulation and anti cancer. But, in this study the inhibitory effect was on the aqua-acupuncture of Lentinus edodes. Materials : Lentinus edodes aqua-acupuncture solution (LEAS) was prepared and tested for the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1A2 activities. LEAS type I from fruit body of these mushrooms. Type II was extracted from cultured broth of Lentinus edodes mycelum. Results : LEAS type I and type II were significantly inhibited CYP 1A1 and 1A2 enzymes at concentration of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml. Conclusion : These results suggested that LEAS may act as block agent against carcinogenesis by inhibition of phase I enzymes.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to investigate the anticancer activity of monoterepenes in the animal and the cancer cell line tests. Both of the noncyclic and cyclic monoterpenes showed significant life prolonging effects on ICR mouse with abdominal cancer induced by Sarcoma 180 cells up to 67.4％ and 63.5％ in case of linalool and geraniol, respectively. Linalool and geraniol also exhibited very excellent cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemic cells with $IC_{50}$/ value of 0.32 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι in 5 days culture condition. In the presence of linalool and geraniol, the generation of $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ ion were found to be increased proportionally to the cytotoxicity arisen from these monoterpenes. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) responsible for the conversion of $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ ion to $H_2O$$_2$ and then to $H_2O$ augmented remarkably by linalool and geraniol. All data put together it can be postulated that monoterpenes may kill abdominal cancer cells of ICR mouse probably by activating anticancer system of the body, whereas the death of L1210 cells may be due to the detrimental attacks of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ in spite of antioxidant enzymes activities to overcome the ROS attacks.

• Mycobiology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2022

Trichoderma fungi have been intensively studied for mycoparasitism, and the latter is closely related to their cell-wall degrading enzymes including chitinase. Here, we studied marine-derived Trichoderma spp., isolated from distinct sources and locations, for chitinolytic and antifungal activity. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, two strains designated GJ-Sp1 and TOP-Co8 (isolated from a marine sponge and a marine alga, respectively) were identified as Trichoderma bissettii. This species has recently been identified as a closely related species to Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The extracellular crude enzymes of GJ-Sp1 and TOP-Co8 showed activities of chitobiosidase and b-N-acetylglucosaminidase (exochitinase) and chitotriosidase (endochitinase). The optimum chitinolytic activity of the crude enzymes was observed at 50 ℃, pH 5.0, 0-0.5% NaCl concentrations, and the activities were stable at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 ℃ for 2 h. Moreover, the crude enzymes showed inhibitory activity against hyphal growth of two filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the chitinolytic and antifungal activity of T. bissettii.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of tectochrysin, a major compound of propolis, were investigated. Tectochrysin exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication in rats. Tectochrysin tested exhibited a lipid peroxidation causing a significant decrease in MDA production in TBA-reactant assay. Tectochrysin was strong in the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that tectochrysin possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Especially, tectochrysin was found to cause significant increases in the rat liver cytosolic SOD, catalase, GSH-px activities as well as a significant decrease in the MDA production.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.719-722
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of fucosterol isolated from the marine algae Pelvetia siliquosa were investigated. Fucosterol exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication in rats. Fucosterol inhibited the sGOT and sGPT activities by 25.57 and 63.16%, respectively. Fucosterol showed the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities by 33.89, 21.56 and 39.24%, respectively, in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that fucosterol possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the hepatoprotective activities in rats.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권2호통권141호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

The effects of the DWP-04 [DDB:selenium yeast:glutathione (31.1 : 6.8 : 62.1 (w/w%)] on acetaminophen detoxification enzyme system were studied in rats. Treatment with DWP-04 was prevented againt acetaminophen-induiced hepatotoxicity in rat as evidenced by the decreased formation of lipid peroxide. Effect of DWP-04 on the activities of free radical-generating enzymes, free radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione-related enzymes as well as detoxification mechanism of DWP-04 against acetaminophen-treated was investigated in rat. Activities of cytochrome p450, cytochrome b5, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase as free radical-generating enzymes activities were decreased by the treatment with DWP-04 against acetaminophen treated. Although acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity results in the significantly decrease in the level of hepatic glutathione and activities of glutathine S-transferase, quinone reductase, glutathione reductase and ${\gamma}-glutamyl-$cysteine synthetase, these decreasing effects were markedly lowered in the DWP-04-treated rat. Therefore, it was concluded that the mechanism for the observed preventive effect of DWP-04 against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was associated with the decreased activities in the free radical-generating enzyme system.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.742-748
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the activities of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and lysosomal enzymes (alpha-glucopyranosidase (AGP) and beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (BNAG)) of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) in three freezing conditions. Following freezing at -20, -60, and $-196^{\circ}C$ (liquid nitrogen), LD samples (48 h post-slaughter) were treated as follows: 1) freezing for 14 d, 2) 1 to 4 freeze-thaw cycles (2 d of freezing in each cycle), and 3) refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$) for 7 d after 7 d of freezing. The control was the fresh (non-frozen) LD. Freezing treatment at all temperatures significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of GSH-Px, AGP, and BNAG. The $-196^{\circ}C$ freezing had similar effects to the $-20^{\circ}C$ and $-60^{\circ}C$ freezing. Higher (p<0.05) enzymes activities were sustained in frozen LD even after 4 freeze-thaw cycles and even for 7 d of refrigeration after freezing. These findings suggest that freezing has remarkable effects on the activities of antioxidant enzyme and lysosomal enzymes of Hanwoo beef in any condition.

• 생태와환경
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• 제35권4호통권100호
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• pp.326-330
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• 2002

습지토양을 두 가지 방법으로 멸균한 후, 미생물 효소활성도의 변화를 알아보았다. 단기 멸균의 효과는 톨루엔을 가하여 알아 보았고, 장기적인 효과는 감마선 조사를 이용하였다. 처리된 시료에서 ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase, N -acetylglucosaminidase 활성도를 methylumbelliferyl 계열의 인공기질을 사용하여 측정한 후 공시료와 비교하였다. 톨루엔을 가한 경우 효소에 따라 다른 반응을 보였다. 예를 들어, 처리에 의하여phosphatase의 활성은 증가하였으나 반대로 ${\beta}$-glucosidase와 arylsulfatasem의 활성도는 감소하였다. 감마선 조사는 모든 효소의 활성을 40-80%정도 감소시켰다. 본 연구의 전반적인 결과에 의하면, 적어도 단기적으로는 다량의 효소가 미생물 체외에서 안정적으로 존재하나, 장기적으로는de-novo 합성이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1998

Human milk and bovine milk in normal stage were fractionated four parts : whey, skimmilk membrane, and casein pellet. The specific activity (nmole / mim / mg protein) and distribution ratio(%) of suborganella marker enzymes in each separated milk fraction were determined. Especially, neutral $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase, acid $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase, NADH-cytochrome C reductase, and acid phosphatase were higher in human milk. However, both $Ca^{2+}$-ATPases were not detected in all fractions of bovine milk. On the other hand, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I, alkaline phosphatase, and $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in bovine milk were higher than in human milk. Most of the marker enzymes were highly distributed in cream fraction of either human milk or bovine milk, and their specific activities were high to 24 fold from 3 fold when compared with that of whole milk. These results suggest that marker enzymes in mammary epitherial cell are transfered into cream fraction by the membrane rearrangement, and different biochemical reaction between human and bovine exists for milk secretion in mammary gland.