• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.424-437
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• 2012

As to the increase of crime against children, the importance of safety in school area is more emphasized ever. Safety in school area can be achieved by the well-organized combination of physical, managemental and spatial planning factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial planning direction to prevent crimes for the schools and their surroundings on the viewpoint of CPTED(crime prevention through environmental design). Field survey using checklist drawn up with 5 major CPTED principles was conducted for 7 schools(primary, middle and high schools) located at Noen New-town, Daejeon Korea. Problems derived from field survey were categorized to 5 CPTED principles and countermeasures were suggested together with computer graphic simulation. CPTED design principles and guidelines for spatial planning can make school area safer because these can assure natural surveillance, territoriality, natural access control, etc.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.1857-1863
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• 2012

The VDS(Vehicle Detection System) collects and transfers information about traffic situations in real time, therefore it makes the traffic management effective. Recently, the VDSs have provided good stability and accuracy in regard to system reliability and functions but they also have showed problems such as raising costs and consuming times when a new system is installed and/or the environmental requirements for the system are set up. The reason of the problems is that up to now the collection of the data and information about the traffic situations has been achieved by the 1:1 information exchange between the traffic control surveillance center and the each traffic field, between equipments and centers, and among data processing equipments and also centers. The communication systems used in the VDS are generally composed of 1 : 1 connection of the lines because the communication protocols are different in the most of the cases mentioned above. Consequently, this makes the number of communication lines become larger and causes the cost for the whole traffic information systems to increase. In this paper, a development of a controller to unify the communication protocols for the VDS is peformed to solve the problems which were mentioned above. Specially, the controller developed in this paper was applied to a radar vehicle detector and tested to show its usefulness. In addition to that, the developed controller was also designed to include functions to transfer the information about weather conditions on the roads.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.375-381
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• 2011

This study presents an analysis of $CO_2$ emission reduction effect on bus information system (BIS) which is operated to improve various services of bus transit such as rapid and on-time service. Although the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released three methodological types of models for analyzing the amount of greenhouse gas reduction, this study used the Tier 3 method that is the most concrete one. A case study was performed to a 8.3 km section of Daejun-Chungjoo BIS system, and dataset required to the Tier 3 method was obtained from ITS-based surveillance systems. The study result showed that the reduction effect of $CO_2$ on BIS operation was yearly $39.45tCO_2/km$. Therefore, such effect can be potentially useful to a measurement of effectiveness (MOE) of BIS projects hereafter.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.56-64
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• 2017

A high altitude long endurance aircraft which carries out missions of environmental research communication relay or ground surveillance, should have the capacity to cruise in the stratosphere at a relatively low speed for a long dwell time without the necessity of refueling. When one considers the propulsion system for such an aircraft, a reciprocating engine with a serial turbo-charger system to boost rarefied ambient air up to sea level condition, would represent an good, informed and practical choice regardless of the cruising altitude of the aircraft. In this paper, high altitude long endurance aircraft developed by overseas research groups and research trends, regarding multi-stage turbocharger systems, are introduced.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.106-131
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• 2016

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2014

Conventional ScanSAR mode has been adopted in Envisat or Radarsat and played an important role to acquire wide swath SAR images for environmental surveillance. However, it suffers from the undesirable scalloping effect caused by non-homogeneity of antenna pattern while the image resolution is sacrificed. In recent years, TOPS mode has been suggested and put into use to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional scanning mode. Although TOPS mode is able to produce wide-swath SAR image in a short time interval, it demands highly complicated system design knowledge. In this paper, we present the operation principle of TOPS mode and a full SAR simulation is performed to generate TOPS SAR raw data. Azimuth antenna pattern is modified during TOPS mode operation and it is shown that the undesired scalloping effect is suppressed in the generated SAR image.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2016

To satisfy the needs of high-level intelligent surveillance system, it shall be able to extract objects and classify to identify precise information on the object. The representative method to identify one's identity is face recognition that is caused a change in the recognition rate according to environmental factors such as illumination, background and angle of camera. In this paper, we analyze the robust face recognition of face image by changing the distance through a variety of experiments. The experiment was conducted by real face images of 1m to 5m. The method of face recognition based on Linear Discriminant Analysis show the best performance in average 75.4% when a large number of face images per one person is used for training. However, face recognition based on Convolution Neural Network show the best performance in average 69.8% when the number of face images per one person is less than five. In addition, rate of low resolution face recognition decrease rapidly when the size of the face image is smaller than $15{\times}15$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

Purpose: Recently there are scientific evidences for the health effects of Asian dust-storms. Particularly in 2002, the daily average of $PM_10$ exceeded 600 and 700 $\mu{g}/m^3$ in March and April respectively. We examined the effects of Asian dust‐storms on perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors among children, adults, and elders. Method: The subjects of this study were 425 children, 444 adults and 60 elders. A questionnaire survey was carried out on the children and the adults by teachers and on the elders by interviewers to obtain information on demographic variables, perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors, previous respiratory disease, environmental tobacco smoke, and proximity between the house and the road during Asian dust-storms. We analyzed using descriptive statistics, $X^2$ test and multiple logistic regression models. After adjustment for potential confounders, we estimated the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the children and the elders for perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors. Result: The elders had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than the other groups. The children had a significantly higher prevalence than the adults in getting URI (1.51), coughing (1.68), rhinorrhea (1.46), fever (2.39) and medication for allergy or asthma (1.90). The children had better behaviors than the elders in closing windows (3.57), taking less outdoor recreational activity (2.59) and staying home (2.60). Conclusion: This study suggested that children and elders are susceptible to the effects of Asian dust on health. Health educators should inform these populations about the influence of Asian dust and provide health education for preventive behaviors.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2018

Objectives: We reviewed digital epidemiological studies to characterize how researchers are using digital data by topic domain, study purpose, data source, and analytic method. Methods: We reviewed research articles published within the last decade that used digital data to answer epidemiological research questions. Data were abstracted from these articles using a data collection tool that we developed. Finally, we summarized the characteristics of the digital epidemiological studies. Results: We identified six main topic domains: infectious diseases (58.7%), non-communicable diseases (29.4%), mental health and substance use (8.3%), general population behavior (4.6%), environmental, dietary, and lifestyle (4.6%), and vital status (0.9%). We identified four categories for the study purpose: description (22.9%), exploration (34.9%), explanation (27.5%), and prediction and control (14.7%). We identified eight categories for the data sources: web search query (52.3%), social media posts (31.2%), web portal posts (11.9%), webpage access logs (7.3%), images (7.3%), mobile phone network data (1.8%), global positioning system data (1.8%), and others (2.8%). Of these, 50.5% used correlation analyses, 41.3% regression analyses, 25.6% machine learning, and 19.3% descriptive analyses. Conclusions: Digital data collected for non-epidemiological purposes are being used to study health phenomena in a variety of topic domains. Digital epidemiology requires access to large datasets and advanced analytics. Ensuring open access is clearly at odds with the desire to have as little personal data as possible in these large datasets to protect privacy. Establishment of data cooperatives with restricted access may be a solution to this dilemma.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

The unmanned aerial vehicle that emerged with the 4th Industrial Revolution attracts attention not only from Korea but also from around the world, and its utilization and market size are gradually expanding. For the first time, it was used for military purposes, but it is currently used for transportation, investigation, surveillance, and agriculture. China, along with the US and Europe, is emerging as a leader in the commercial unmanned aerial vehicle market, and Korea, which has the world's seventh-largest technology in related fields, is striving to promote various technology development policies and system improvement related to unmanned aerial vehicles. Military drones will revolutionize the means of war by using a means of war called an unmanned system based on theories such as network-oriented warfare and effect-oriented warfare. Mobile equipment, including drones, is greatly affected by environmental factors such as terrain and weather, as well as technological developments and interests in the field. Now, drones are being used actively in many fields, and especially in the military field, the use of advanced drones is expected to create a new defense environment and provide a new paradigm for war.