• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

England's green belt policy as it delivered its framework to designating the development restriction zones(DRZ) in Korea is the key to address issues which try to change green belt boundary or/and housing development. Therefore it should necessarily be reviewed on the understanding of how England has been formulating a national policy to deal with the issues focusing on opportunities for housing development and recreation. This study explored the discourse and framework of England's green belt policy as well as driver changes of housing development and recreation. Results show several characteristics of England's green belt policy which are civil society consensus on conservation and management, limited small-scale housing development through management of release rates, a systematic procedure for application and approval, open-recreation space expansion and utilisation under the premise of conservation of natural green areas, and management structure by the involvement of NGO organisations. Therefore, five suggestions can be delivered to developing Korea's DRZ frameworks: first, preceding social consensus on the preservation value of development-restricted zones, second, addressing housing shortages in different alternatives e.g.) environmental-friendly small-scale housing, third, institutionalising the total proportion of release, fourth, establishing an open-recreation space, fifth, introducing expanded public-private partnerships. Ultimately securing the legitimacy of the nation's development-restricted zone system can contribute positively to the environment preservation and human health by promoting public leisure activities in terms of the recent increase in external activities caused by the Covid-19 crisis. Concluding remarks are here that the understanding of England's green belt policy can be delivered to and help formulate domestic policy addressing current issues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.5-11
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• 2004

The objectives of this study is to find problems in the legal and institutional background on our information system for soil contaminated sites. To achieve this abjective, we compared our system with those of federal and New Jersey state governments of the United States. We found that we have no comprehensive guideline on how various information from the contaminated sites should be manipulated. In our system, some regulations on information management were found only in a few prescriptions on detection, detailed investigation, and remediation phases. However, we found that provisions, detailed procedures, and related guidelines for the information management are provided in tile case of the federal and New Jersey state governments. Also, public involvement and disclosure of tile information for the remediation procedure are designated in their legal systems.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

In current role-based systems, security officers handle assignments of users to roles. This may increase management efforts in a distributed environment because of the continuous involvement from security officers. The role-based delegation provides a means for implementing RBAC in a distributed environment. The basic idea of a role-based delegation is that users themselves may delegate role authorities to other users to carry out some functions on behalf of the former. This paper presents a user-level delegation model, which is based on Extended Role-Based Access Control(ERBAC). ERBAC provides finer grained access control on the base of subject and object level than RBAC model.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of immersive environments in the design domain by analyzing students' design process in immersive environments from cognitive and experiential aspects. To do this, we reviewed major concepts and theories such as users' immersion, participation, presence, and awareness and developed a comprehensive conceptual framework of immersive shared environments. In three different visualization systems of HIVE, teams consisting two students were assigned to design tasks and the design process was analyzed by a customized framework. The characteristics of the immersive environment related to the performance of the design task were different from those of the previous studies. The perception of the relationship between the spaces is very important, and the perception of the surrounding objects is interested in the shape or the material such as whether the object is flat or inclined. Also, it is found that the multi-technology of immersive environments is very useful for creative collaboration. In the future, a more comprehensive analysis of the effects on design decisions in a more diverse visual interface condition and the effects on more diverse design areas should be added.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2007

Despite the ubiquitous practice of environmental impact assessment around the world, social impact assessment has been alienated from assessment process from the beginning. Not until 1993 was 'Interorganizational Committee' established in the United States to prepare for 'Principles and Guidelines for Social Impact Assessment.' This study is an attempt to critically examine US 'Principles and Guidelines.' First, the study traces history of social impact assessment to reveal why the latter became "the orphan in the assessment process." Second, it critically reviews 'Principles and Guidelines' to find its merits and defects. For instance, a principle regarding environmental justice is perceived as necessary as society has become conscious of social justice and equity while putting too much emphasis on predictive traits of social impact assessments only fosters "checklist mentality." Third, the study reflects on 'Principles and Guidelines' in particular and social impact assessment in general in order to probe what is social impact assessment. To do so, it pays attention to scholars, who have criticized technocratic and procedural elements of 'Principles and Guidelines.' They show that social impact assessment is philosophically and methodologically teleological in that "fluid and contested meanings" between social impacts and the public are meaningful in itself. And simple procedural guarantee of the public involvement, they argue, is not enough to define social impacts. Lastly, from the critical analysis of 'Principles and Guideline,' the study looks for alternatives to improve how to assess social impacts in a Korean context.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 1996

The relationship between ozone-induced damages and ethylend evolution was examined in tomato plants fumigated with ozone of 0.2 $\mu\ell/\ell$. The rate of evolution of ethylent by tomato plants was enhanced by ozone fumigation. Pretreatment of leaves with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene evolution, significantly inhibited the evolution of ethylene that was induced by ozone and concomitantly reduced the extent of ozone-induced visible damage to leaves. Treatment with 2,5-norbonadiene (NBD), and inhibitor of the action of ethylene, strongly reduced the extent of visible damage caused by ozone, even though it did not suppress the evolution of ethylene. These results indicated that ethylene might play an important role in ozone-induced plant injuries at relatively short terms of ozone fumigation. Next, we examined the effect of tiron, a scanvenger of the free-radical, on evolution of ethylene and leaf injury caused by ozone. Tiron treatment strongly reduced the extent of ozone-induced injury, but had not inhibitory effect on the evolution of ethylene from tomato leaves. This result suggests the involvement of free-radical, such as superoxide radicals, in induction of injuries caused by ozone.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.139-154
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• 2001

In current role-based systems, security officers handle assignments of users to roles. This may increase management efforts in a distributed environment because of the continuous involvement from security officers. The technology of role-based delegation provides a means for implementing RBAC in a distributed environment with empowerment of individual users. The basic idea behind a role-based delegation is that users themselves may delegate role authorities to other users to carry out some functions on behalf of the former. This paper presents a rule-based framework for user-level delegation model in which a user can delegate role authority by creating new delegation roles. Also, a rule-based language for specifying and enforcing the policies is introduced.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.299-311
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• 2013

Background: Environmental hazards are responsible for as much as a quarter of the total world-wide burden of disease. Therefore, appropriate management of environmental hazards is a critical part of the effort to improve human health. This review aims to summarize current issues, topics, and programs at international institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the area of environmental health. Results: The WHO European Center for Environmental Health (ECEH) plays a significant role in implementing environmental health policies and also takes the lead in related issues in Europe. It has developed an Environmental Health Information System and environmental health inequality indicators. In the environmental health area, the OECD focuses most on chemical management programs. It foresees that air pollution and chemical risk management will become the leading environmental health issues if appropriate measures are not taken. Several topics were identified that require greater effort in Korea, including cancer as an environment-related disease, an environmental health information system, and environmental health inequality issues. Conclusions: More active roles are expected from Korea in international societies, in part because of the introduction of the Environmental Health Act of 2008, and active involvement in related activities in WHO WPRO/SEARO. Understanding recent developments and concerns at major international organizations like WHO and the OECD will assist in the implementation of effective international collaboration and the identification of a better strategies for improving environmental health performances in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.414-428
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• 1996

This study intends to ascertain the importance of store atmosphere when construcing store marketing strategies for store differentiation. And it is studied by classifying consumer groups according to clothing shopping motivations, comparing store atmosphere assessment and emotion response of preferred stores, and analyzing the influence store atmosphere has on store preference or impulsive purchase. The subject of this study are women in their twenties living in Seoul, 255 career women and 233 college students totaling 458, and model sampling is done by convenient sampling taking into account the type of their occupation and major. Modified survey based on references and former studies is used, and using SAS packages, methods. The results of data analysis are as follows. 1. Consumer groups are classified into the following four subdivisions: shopping involvement, leisure pursuit, financial, and shopping unconcern group. The stores women in twenties use most frequently for shopping are department stores, speciality stores, common market, discount stores, and wholesale markets, and significant difference are shown between consumer groups. 2. Consumer responses for store atmosphere preferences are shown significantly among groups when concerned with store preferences. 3. Images of store atmosphere as factor analyzed into environment factor, kindness factor, and decoration factor, Environment factor is most highly estimated in speciality stores, kindness factor in department stores, and decoration factor in common markets. 4. Leisure pursuit group is assessed to be most influenced by store atmosphere in store seleciton, impulsive purchase, and after-purchase shopping behavior, and impulsive purchase is shown highly in department stores and speciality stores.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.27-42
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• 2018

This study analyzed the utility of ammonium chloride ($NH_4Cl$) as a nitrogen source for methanotroph communities. When cultured in nitrate mineral salt (NMS) medium, the methanotroph community we identified four families, seven genera, and 16 type I and type II species of methanotrophs. Among species in the Methylobacter genus, Methylobacter marinus could be actively cultured in NMS medium without NaCl addition. Following the addition of 25 mM $NH_4Cl$, the numbers of the type I genera Methylomonas, Methylococcus, and Methylobacter were increased, whereas the numbers of the type II genera Methylocystis and Methylosinus were decreased after 5 days. In methanotroph communities, certain concentrations of $NH_4Cl$ affected methane consumption and growth of methanotrophs at the community level. $NH_4Cl$ caused a considerable decrease in the methane consumption rate and the expression of soluble methane monooxygenases (sMMOs) but did not inhibit the growth of Methylomonas methanica expressing sMMO. These results could be attributed to competitive antagonism of MMOs due to their direct involvement in ammonia oxidation.