• BMB Reports
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2018

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in diverse biological processes and their misregulations are associated with a wide range of diseases. Especially, the growing attention to PPIs as a new class of therapeutic target is increasing the need for an efficient method of cell-based PPI analysis. Thus, we newly developed a robust PPI assay (SeePPI) based on the co-translocation of interacting proteins to the discrete subcellular compartment 'processing body' (p-body) inside living cells, enabling a facile analysis of PPI by the enriched fluorescent signal. The feasibility and strength of SeePPI (${\underline{S}}ignal$ ${\underline{e}}nhancement$ ${\underline{e}}xclusively$ on ${\underline{P}}-body$ for ${\underline{P}}rotein-protein$ ${\underline{I}}nteraction$) assay was firmly demonstrated with FKBP12/FRB interaction induced by rapamycin within seconds in real-time analysis of living cells, indicating its recapitulation of physiological PPI dynamics. In addition, we applied p53/MDM2 interaction and its dissociation by Nutlin-3 to SeePPI assay and further confirmed that SeePPI was quantitative and well reflected the endogenous PPI. Our SeePPI assay will provide another useful tool to achieve an efficient analysis of PPIs and their modulators in cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2015

Panax ginseng is a well-known economic medical plant that is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine. This species contains a unique class of natural products-ginsenosides. Recent clinical and experimental studies have presented numerous lines of evidence on the promising role of ginsenosides on different diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Nowadays, most of the attention has focused on ginsenoside Rd as a neuroprotective agent to attenuate ischemic stroke damages. Some of the evidence showed that ginsenoside Rd ameliorates ischemic stroke-induced damages through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginsenoside Rd can prolong neural cells' survival through the upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant system, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 pathways, preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B, transient receptor potential melastatin, acid sensing ion channels 1a, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, protein tyrosine kinase activation, as well as reduction of cytochrome c-releasing and apoptosis-inducing factor. In the current work, we review the available reports on the promising role of ginsenoside Rd on ischemic stroke. We also discuss its chemistry, source, and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2021

Over 30 million prescriptions of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are issued every year. Considering that these drugs are available without a prescription as over the counter (OTC) drugs, their use will be astronomical. With the increasing use of NSAIDs, their adverse effects are drawing attention. Especially, stomach bleeding, kidney toxicity, liver toxicity, and neurological toxicity are reported as common. Ibuprofen, one of the extensively used NSAIDs along with aspirin, can also induce liver toxicity, but few studies are addressing this point. Here we examined the liver toxicity of ibuprofen and investigated whether co-exposure to ethanol can manifest synergistic effects. We employed 2D and 3D cultured human hepatoma cells, HepG2 to examine the synergistic hepatotoxicity of ibuprofen and alcohol concerning cell viability, morphology, and histology of 3D spheroids. As a result, ibuprofen and alcohol provoked synergistic hepatotoxicity against hepatocytes, and their toxicity increased prominently in 3D culture upon extended exposure. Oxidative stress appeared to be the mechanisms underlying the synergistic toxicity of ibuprofen and alcohol as evidenced by increased production of ROS and expression of the endogenous antioxidant system. Collectively, this study has demonstrated that ibuprofen and EtOH can induce synergistic hepatotoxicity, providing a line of evidence for caution against the use of ibuprofen in combination with alcohol.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

Human erythropoietin(EPO) is a glycoprotein that enhances red blood cell production by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) suffer from anemia caused by reduced production of EPO in the kidney. Recombinant human EPO protein has been used successfully for the treatment of anemia associated with CKD. Recently, attention has been paid to the development of side effect of EPO, pure red cell aplasia(PRCA), in some patients with CKD. PRCA is a rare disorder of erythropoiesis that leads to a severe anemia due to an almost complete cessation of red blood cell production. EPO-related PRCA is caused by the production of EPO-neutralizing antibodies(Abs) that eliminate the biological activity of EPO as well as endogenous EPO in patients undergoing therapy. Since 1988, almost 200 cases worldwide have been reported with Ab-positive PRCA after receiving EPO therapeutics. The underlying mechanisms of the breaking of immune tolerance to self-EPO have been investigated. Modification of formulation, organic compounds of container closures, and route of administration has been suggested for the possible mechanism of increased immunogenicity of EPO. A number of assays have been used to detect Abs specific to EPO. These assays are generally grouped into two major categories: binding Ab assays and neutralizing Ab assays(bioassays). There are several types of binding Ab assays, including radioimmunoprecipitation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the BIAcore biosensor assay. In vitro cell-based bioassays have been utilized for the detection of neutralizing Abs. Finally, the recent experience with anti-EPO Abs may have considerable implications for the future development and approval of EPO preparations. Also, considering that millions of patients are being treated with EPO, clinicians need to be aware of signs and consequences of this rare but severe clinical case.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

대청호에서 WASP5 모델의 매개변수를 산정하고 민감도분석을 실시하였다. 모델의 계산치와 실측치는 값과 그 경향에 있어 근사한 것으로 나타나 이를 통해 대전취수탑 유역의 장래수질예측이 가능하였다. 매개변수의 민감도분석 결과 조류의 최대성장율, 조류의 호흡율, 광소멸계수, 온도 등이 Chlorophyll-a에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 T-N에 영향을 주는 주된 인자는 용존유기질소 분해율과 온도이며 T-P는 인부하량, 온도, 광소멸계수, 용존유기인 분해율, 조류의 최대성장율 등의 순으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. BOD에 큰 민감도를 보인 인자는 탈산소계수와 온도였으며, DO는 온도 외의 매개변수에 대한 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 모델의 민감도분석을 통하여 해당 수역에 적합한 입력변수의 민감도에 대한 평가를 하였으며 각 수질항목에 대한 입력변수의 영향에 대한 파악을 통해서 모델의 적용에 주의를 기해야할 해당 입력변수의 구분이 가능하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2017

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the common metabolic disorders of pregnancy, leads to functional alterations in various cells including stem cells as well as some abnormalities in fetal development. Perivascular stem cells (PVCs) have gained more attention in recent years, for the treatment of various diseases. However, the effect of GDM on PVC function has not been investigated. In our study, we isolated PVCs from umbilical cord of normal pregnant women and GDM patients and compared their phenotypes and function. There is no significant difference in phenotypic expression, response to bFGF exposure and adipogenic differentiation capacity between normal (N)-PVCs and GDM-PVCs. However, when compared with N-PVCs, early passage GDM-PVCs displayed decreased initial rates of cell yield and proliferation as well as a reduced ability to promote wound closure. These results suggest that maternal metabolic dysregulation during gestation can alter the function of endogenous multipotent stem cells, which may impact their therapeutic effectiveness.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2002

Special attention has been paid to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for athlete doping control because it stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and epitestosterone without increasing the T/E ratio which is a doping indicator for the exogenous administration of testosterone. Even though the IOC banned the use of hCG, a detection method has not been decided upon since there are a variety of immunoassay kits available on the market. We evaluated three kits in terms of their performance characteristics. The assay value of the control sample varied depending on the kit, resulting in 198 mIU/ml for the MAIA kit, 172mIU/ml for the IRMA kit, and 143 mIU/ml for the MEIA kit. Considering the IOC inter-lab distribution of results(55-312 mIU/ml) using 27 different kits and the mean value (178$\pm$56 mIU/ml), all three kits are within the range of －15.8% - ＋5.6% of the mean value, which proves them useful for the hCG assay. The MEIA kit resulted in lower hCG values because it detects only intact hCG molecules, in contrast to the other two kits which detect intact hCG and -hCG together. However, it is suitable for screening purposes because of its advantage of being an automated system. When 123 urine samples of athletes were analyzed in 22 batches using this system, the variation of control values fell within $\pm$ 10% of the mean values, and an specimens tested negative with hCG values less than the detection limit of 2 mIU/ml.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2018

다양성과 창의성의 시대에 지방이 스스로 생각하고 실행하는 지역발전 전략이 강조되고 있으며, 지역의 유산 재활용을 통한 지역차원의 재생효과와 지역자산으로의 가치에 대한 인식이 상승하고 있다. 상당기간 낙후 소외되어 온 지역의 시설과 공간을 기회자산으로 전환시킬 수 있는 도시재생방안 모색은 매우 의미 있는 일이라 하겠다. 본 연구는 산업유산의 지역자원화를 통해 내생적인 발전체계 구축하여 지역의 자립적인 발전을 추구할 가능성 모색에 있다. 사례분석과 계획적용 등을 통해 생활밀착형 문화공간이 대형, 전문예술공간보다 지역주민의 삶에 더 큰 영향을 준다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 지역의 비교우위보다는 지역자산의 경쟁우위 전략이 더욱 중요하며, 장래의 도심재생에서 한층 더 관심을 두어야 하는 요소는 도시의 역사와 전통, 철학 등 무형적인 가치라는 사실을 인지하는 것이 필요하고, 사람이 중심이 되어 예술적인 생태성과 전통의 복원, 공동체성 창출, 미학성 추구 등을 통해 문화정체성을 가진 장소로 창조되는 것이 진정한 도시재생이 된다는 점이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.308-316
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• 2012

Proper skin care promotes good metabolism and the biological activity of skin, helps maintain the skin in a healthy and beautiful state when combined with nutritional nourishment. Health functional foods are being used for the purpose of enhancing efficient skin care. Health functional foods related to skin care maintain the epidermis, dermal fibroblast layer and subcutaneous tissue that form the skin. Efficient functional foods alleviate the signs of endogenous aging that come with getting older and exogenous aging caused by sunlight. Even though the field of skin care related to health functional foods has received less attention and been the subject of less research compared to functional cosmetics which are developing widely, this area of skin care that maintains and improves the layer of dermal fibroblast through the intake of food, is expected to progress with the commercialization of products in many fields when the related technical research development is galvanized and the related patents are applied for. Research into health functional foods related to skin care in Korea started rather late in comparison to other advanced countries where patents for relevant techniques have been applied for since 1990's together with research conducted on how they might be used for practical purposes. This study used the key words 'skin care, health functional food' to search for Korean patents that have been applied for at the Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1983 to 2011 using the KIPRIS database, in order to help researchers in the related fields by organizing the patented formulas for health functional foods for skin care which have gained attention recently. According to the number of registrations in each industry field, the total number of patents was 1,120 we screened the major patents among them, the field with the largest number was food foodstuff non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) with 135, then natural plant medicine & medical supplies and cosmetics(A61K) with 112, microorganisms or enzymes(C12N) with 63, heterocyclic compounds(C07D) with 44, horticulture or cultivation of sea weeds, forestry(A01G) 16 times, listed from the highest to the lowest number of applications. It has been revealed that food, foodstuff, non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) was the industry field where the most patents for health functional foods related to skin care were registered.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2022

최근 닭은 고도화된 육종개량과 함께고밀도사육, 열스트레스, 환경 및 사료 오염 등과 같은내외적스트레스요인에 의해 체 조직에서 과도한 활성산소(ROS) 발생으로 산화적 스트레스가 매우 높다. 산화적 스트레스는 지질과 산화작용으로 DNA 손상, 세포사 등을 유발하여 닭의 건강과 복지에 심각한 문제를 유발한다. 닭은 이러한 내외적 산화적 스트레스에 따라 항산화 효소와 비효소적 항산화 물질에 의해 활성산소를 제거하는 방어 작용을 한다. 최근 영양학적 방법으로서 산화적 스트레스를 억제하는 식물성 flavonoids 사료첨가제 개발에 주목하고 있다. Favonoid를 닭에게 급여 시 소화기관 및 근육에서 지질과산화도 감소, 항산화력 및 항산화 효소 활성도가 증가하는 것으로 항산화제로서 가치가 높다. Flavonoids는 구조화합물이 활성산소와 결합하여 안정화할 수 있는 구조로서 ROS를 소거 또는 항산화 효소의 발현을 통해 ROS를 제거한다. 또한 금속 이온과 결합하 는 킬레이트화 작용, 산화효소 및 NO 생성 억제 등 다양한 항산화 작용이 있다. 그러나 문제점으로 flavonoid 화합물은 용해도가 낮아 소장 흡수세포에서 흡수율이 저하됨으로 이를 극복할 수 있는 체내 운반 기술의 개발이 필요하다. 또한 사료 섭취 시 flavonoid 농도가 가장 높은 곳이 위장관으로 이곳에서 명확한 항산화 효과를 나타내는 용량을 구명하여 첨가 수준을 결정하여야 한다. 항산화 작용기전은 스트레스에 따라 다양한 전사인자들(transcrptional factors)을 통해 스트레스 반응 유전자(vitagenes)의 발현을 유도한다. Flavonoid의 항산화 작용기전으로 Nrf-2와 Nf-kB 등과 같은 전사인사의 발현 과정과 vitagenes을 통해 효율적 항산화 효과를 나타내는 방법에 관한 연구도 중요하다. 닭에서 육종 및 사육 환경 요인에 따라 발생하는 산화 스트레스는 경제성과 더불어 동물복지 측면에서도 심각한 문제를 유발한다. Flavonoid 함유 천연 항산화제 개발과 적용은 가금 산업에서 향후 중요한 분야가 될 것으로 전망된다.