• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2014

In this study, field measurement was carried out for reasonable improvement of asphalt concrete manufacturing facilities' PM emissions estimation method. Through those, this study calculated PM emission factor and tried to estimate PM emissions from asphalt concrete manufacturing facilities suitable for domestic characteristics. As a result, the efficiency of the PM control device was measured as 99.9%. Using this, uncontrolled PM emission factor was calculated. PM emission factor was calculated 10.97 kg/ton at 23 asphalt concrete manufacturing facilities of 22 workplaces. The PM current emission factor of the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) is 14.4 kg/ton, the factor calculated from this study is about 24% lower than the EPA standard.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate methane emission flux based on spatial methane concentration using laser methane detector, and geospatial methodology (Inverse distance weighting) at a landfill. The obtained results showed that the spatial methane concentrations were in good agreement with the methane emission fluxes. Thus, it was concluded that the methane emission flux could be derived from spatial methane concentrations. In addition, the results of the geospatial calculations showed that 12.85% of the total area contributed more than 42.21% of total flux. This suggested that the geospatial methodology might be essential in chamber method to determine accurate methane emission fluxes from landfills.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2002

Air traffic increased 12% annually in Korea since 1988 after the Olympics, this rate is two times than the rate of the world average. In order to accommodate fast growing aviation demand, Incheon International Airport is operated at Yongjong Island since March, 2001. The Incheon airport project will continue till 2020. After the final phase in 2020, Incheon International Airport will handle 100 million passengers, 530,000 flights and 7 million tons of cargo annually. In this study, air pollution from aircraft and other sources are calculated and assessed in Incheon International Airport area by EDMS(Emission and Dispersion Modeling System), which is a combined emission and dispersion model for airport. EDMS could also be considered power plant, incinerator and aircraft support equipment such as ground support equipment, aerospace ground equipment, auxiliary power units. And EDMS is recommended as preferred model for air quality assessment of the airport area by U.S. EP A. The result of this study shows that NOx emission from aircraft and support utility is estimated as 27,000 - 35,000 ton/yr and Namdong-Gu area in Incheon city is affected as 30-60 ppb by the NOx emission from these sources in 2020, the final phase of Incheon international airport construction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2016

In this study, we estimate air pollutants emission from agricultural waste burning. We investigated activities related to agricultural waste burning such as crop burning rates, location, and time by region. The average crop burning rates per square meter farmland of fruits, pulses, barleys, cereals, vegetables, and special crops were $273.1g/m^2$, $105.7g/m^2$, $7.4g/m^2$, $121.0g/m^2$, $290.7g/m^2$, and $392.9g/m^2$, respectively. We estimated air pollutants emissions with pre-developed emission factors. The estimated air pollutant emission of agricultural biomass burning were CO 148,028 ton/year, $NO_x$ 5,220 ton/year, $SO_x$ 11 ton/year, VOC 59,767 ton/year, TSP 21,548 ton/year, $PM_{10}$ 8,909 ton/year, $PM_{2.5}$ 7,405 ton/year, and $NH_3$ 5 ton/year. When these results compared with the entire emissions of national inventory (CAPSS), CO, VOC, $PM_{10}$ account for about 17.8%, 6.2%, 6.7% of the total, respectively.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.385-388
• /
• 1999

Electron field emission properties from various CVD diamond films were studied. Diamond films were synthesized by microwave plasma CVD at 1173K and at 673K substrates temperature and pulse microwave plasma CVD at 1173K. B-doped diamond film was synthesized by microwave plasma CVD at 1173K also. Estimation by SEM, both the non-doped diamond film and B-doped diamond film which were synthesized at 1173K substrate temperature were $2~3\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter and nucleation densities were $10^{8}{\;}numbers/\textrm{cm}^2$ order. The diamond film synthesized at 673K was $0.2\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter and nucleation densities was 109 numbers/cm2 order. The diamond film synthesized by pulse microwave plasma CVD at 1173K was $0.2\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter and nucleation density was $10^{9}{\;}numbers/\textrm{cm}^2$ order either. From the result of electron field emission measurement, electron field emission at $20V/\mu\textrm{m}$ from CVD diamond film synthesized by pulse microwave plasma CVD was $37.3\mu\textrm{A}/\textrm{cm}^2$ and the diamond film showed the best field emission property comparison with other CVD diamond.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.276-285
• /
• 2010

Recently the Korean government has tried to cut down the $PM_{10}$ concentration by the Special Law for Air Quality Improvement. But the concentrations of $PM_{10}$ have exceeded the air quality standard at most monitoring stations. Primary $PM_{10}$ emitted from various sources and emission data have large uncertainty. The biomass burning is one of the major sources of $PM_{10}$ emission. The biomass burning is composed of wood stove usage, meat cooking and agricultural combustion etc.. Activity data and emission factors for the biomass burning are limited, and it is hard to calculate the air pollution emissions from these sources. In this study, we tried to estimate the air pollution emission from residential wood stove usage. The number of total wood stoves is estimated by the survey of wood stove manufacturer. And air pollution emission factors for the wood stove are investigated using the flue gas measurement by U.S. EPA particulate test method (Method 5G). As the results, the $PM_{10}$ and CO emission factors of wood stove are estimated as 7.7 g/kg-wood and 78.8 g/kg-wood respectively. The annual $PM_{10}$ and CO emissions from wood stove are calculated as 1,200~3,600 ton/year and 12,600~36,400 ton/year in Korea. It is confirmed that wood stove is the one of major sources of biomass burning, and the survey for activity data and the measurement for emission factors are needed for reducing the uncertainty of these emission data.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2007

Quantifying the methane emission from landfills is important to evaluate measures for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. To estimate methane emission for the entire landfills from 1990 through 2004 in Korea, Tier 1 and 2 methodologies were used. In addition, five different scenarios were adopted to identify the effect of important variables on methane emission. The trends of methane emission using Tier 1 were similar to the disposed waste amount. Methane emission using Tier 2 increased as the degradation of waste was gradually proceeded. This result indicates that disposed waste amount and methane generation rate are the important variables for the estimation of methane emission by Tier 1 and 2, respectively. As for the different scenarios, methane emission was highest with scenario I that the entire landfills in Korea were regarded as one landfill. Methane emissions by scenario III and IV considering different $DOC_F$ values with the waste type and different MCF values with the height of waste layer, respectively, were underestimated compared to scenario II. This result indicates that the method of scenario I employed to most previous studies may lead to the overestimation of methane emission. Therefore, more careful consideration of the variables should be needed to develop the methodologies of greenhouse gas emission in landfills along with the characteristics of disposed waste in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2007

Since the Kyoto Protocol became into effect, Korea has been expected to be part of the Annex I countries performing the duty of GHG reduction in the phase of post-Kyoto. Therefore, it is necessary to develop emission factors appropriate to Korean circumstances. In order to develop emission factors this study utilized the CleanSYS, which is the real-time monitoring system for industrial smoke stacks to calculate the emission rate of $CO_2$ continuously. In this study, the main focus was on the power generation plants emitting the largest amount of $CO_2$ among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion. Also, an examination on the comparison of $CO_2$ emission was made among 3 generation plants using the different types of fuels such as bituminous coal and LNG; one for coal and others for LNG. The $CO_2$ concentration of the coal fired plant showed Ave. 13.85 %(10,384 ton/day). The LNG fired plants showed 3.16 %(1,031 ton/day) and 3.19 %(1,209 ton/day), respectably. Consequently, by calculating the emission factors using the above results, it was found that the bituminous coal fired power plant had the $CO_2$ emission factor average of 88,726 kg/TJ, and the LNG fired power plants had the $CO_2$ average emission factors of 56,971 kg/TJ and 55,012 kg/TJ respectably which were similar to the IPCC emission factor.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.539-553
• /
• 2004

Up to the present time, many methods to estimate emissions from a particular diesel engines have wholly depended on the quantity of diesel fuel consumed. Then, the recommended emission factors were normalized by fuel consumption, and further total activity was estimated by the total fuel consumed. One of main purposes in the study is newly to develop emission factors for the railroad diesel rolling stock (RDRS) and to estimate a total amount of major gaseous pollutants from the RDRS in Korea. Prior to develop a Korean mode emission factor. the emission factor from the USEPA was simply applied for comparative studies. When applying the USEPA emission factors, total exhaust emissions from the RDRS in Korea were estimated by 28,117tons of NOx, 2,832.3tons of CO, and 1,237.5tons of HC, etc in 2001. In this study, a emission factor for the RDRS, so called the KoRail mode (the Korean Railroad mode) has been developed on the basis of analyzing the driving pattern of the Gyeongbu-Line especially for the line-haul mode. Explicitly to make the site specific emission factors, many uncertainty problems concerning weighting factors for each power mode, limited emission test, incomplete data for RDRS, and other important input parameters were extensively examined. Total exhaust emissions by KoRail mode in Korea were estimated by 10,960tons of NOx, and 4,622tons of CO, and so on in the year of 2001. The emissions estimated by the USEPA mode were 2.6 times higher for NOx, and 1.6 times lower for CO than those by the KoRail mode. As a conclusion, based on the emission calculated from both the USEPA mode and the KoRail mode, the RDRS is considered as one of the significant mobile sources for major gaseous pollutants and thus management plans an(1 control strategies for the RDRS must be established to improve air quality near future in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.720-730
• /
• 2016

Greenhouse-gas emission factors are widely used to estimate emissions arising from a defined unit of a specific activity. Such estimates are used both for international reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for myriad national and sub-national reporting purposes (for example, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; EU ETS). As with the other so-called 'Kyoto protocol GHGs', the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a methodology for national and sub-national estimation of $N_2O$ emissions, based on the sector from which the emissions arise. The objective of this study was to develop a integrated emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the red pepper, soy bean, spring cabbage, autumn cabbage and potato in 2010~2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, N fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission over three year experiment was $0.00596{\pm}0.001337kg$ $N_2O-N(N\;kg)^{-1}$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.