• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2021.08a
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

Much of our lives are closely related to artificial intelligence, and society is changing more rapidly. Reflecting this era, the need for artificial intelligence education has emerged and various learning methods have been proposed, but guidance on artificial intelligence teaching and learning activities for lower grades elementary school students is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the data collection education program for the lower grades of elementary school was developed based on the contents standards of the Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science & Creativity. Focusing on the principles of artificial intelligence and the detailed data area of the utilization area, the focus was on expressing numbers and letters in various ways, such as colors and pictures, and finding various types of data in life to learn the principles of artificial intelligence. Through this program, it is expected that lower-grade elementary school students will be able to understand the importance of data collection in artificial intelligence through the process of knowing about data and collecting sound, picture, and text data.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.64-75
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• 2019

This study analyzed the clothing color preferences of elementary students and the colors of clothes actually worn at school in terms of hue and tone. The sample consisted of 385 students enrolled at a public elementary school in Seoul. In this study, 120 color cards were used to guide the hue and tone. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows. First, the most preferred clothing colors were achromatic, purple blue, red, and blue, while the most preferred tones were vivid, and pale. Second, the largest percentage of top colors worn at school were achromatic and vivid tones, while the largest percentage of bottom colors at school were achromatic and dark tones. Third, elementary boys preferred vivid and strong tones, while girls preferred pale and vivid tones. Fourth, students at higher grades preferred deeper and darker tones compared with students in lower grades.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine dietary attitudes of students and changes in their attitudes toward the school lunch service. The participants of the study were 483 students ranging from third grade elementary school students to middle school sophomores living in the Seoguipo area of Jeju Island. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires under the supervision of their teachers or dietitians, and data were grouped into elementary school 3rd and 4th grades, elementary school 5th and 6th grades; and middle school 1st and 2nd grades for each gender. There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to their regularity of food intake, dietary considerations, or the frequency of imbalance in their diets. In the case of female participants, their frequency of snacking decreased as their grade level increased. In general, the overall changes in dietary attitudes became more negative as their grade level increased. Male students demanded increased serving sizes of both staple food and side dishes, while female students demanded increased serving sizes dishes, but not staple food as their grade levels increased. there was also an increase in the number of student sin higher grades who discarded or did not eat enough their entire meals. The major reasons for not eating the food were : no taste to the food and not proper saltiness of food. These results may suggest that school dietitians need to pay more attention to increased taste and proper seasoning of meals. Students suggested that the school lunch service should be continued, but that it needs improvement. Students in higher grades were more aware of the importance of the environment in which the meal was provided. Also, an early education in nutrition and healthy diets seemed important in preparing them for following a healthy lifestyle in later life.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of throwing motion in the elementary school students from the developmental point of view. For the purpose of this, total of nine subjects(each of three students in five, third, and first grades) were participated. They were asked to throw the ball as far as they can and the motions were videotaped with the 30frames/sec and 1/500 shutter speed. The successful motions for each subject were selected for three dimensional analysis. The collected data were analyzed using DV express 1.0 and Kwon3D 3.0 softwares. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Total time for the throwing motion of the first grade was longer than that of the fifth and third grades. 2. The resultant displacement and velocity of COM for the fifth and third grades were greater than that of the frist grade. 3. The first grade tended to flex the trunk forward excessively during the throwing motion. 4. The fifth grade tended to place the upper arm close to the sagital plane and move the forearm and hand freely. 5. Looking at the greater variability of the angular velocity of the hand segment, the fifth grade seemed to have faster and more flexible movement of the wrist. 6. There were somewhat differences in the patterns and magnitudes of ground reaction forces among the different grades.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the functions of prefrontal lobe on the formation of conservation scheme of elementary students. In this study, 107 students of 4th to 6th grades were selected from the elementary school in Seoul area. As to the research,4 items for conservation logic test from GALT test sheet were used. The planning ability, inhibiting ability and reasoning ability were measured for the prefrontal lobe functions. About 30% of 4-6 grade students did not have volume conservation logic skills. The formation of conservations was not linear. Inhibiting ability was significantly different in level of conservation. And, conservation logic skills were significantly correlated with cognitive variables. Reasoning ability was significantly explained about 10% of the conservation logic in 4-6 grades.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.259-270
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• 2008

The change of the developed countries to highly technological societies continuously requires that they nurture and use the full potential of mathematically and scientifically talented people. As this is a process that should start early in order to be efficient, the main responsibility of identifying and addressing the specific needs of these people is assigned to public school systems and, in particular, to elementary teachers. In this regard, three significant areas of concern arise and are discussed in this paper: (a) The complexity in identifying mathematically promising and mathematically talented elementary students; (b) The highly responsible and difficult task for elementary teachers to differentiate and serve the mathematically promising students within an inclusive classroom; and (c) The need of teachers with specialized training and mathematics knowledge in pre-high school grades. The last one should be considered predominantly as a logical consequence of the first two. The main goal and, hence, the purpose of the paper is to promote understanding of this crucial necessity of mathematics specialists and to advocate for a change in this direction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.45-61
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• 2005

Purpose： This study evaluated the effectiveness of safety education programs for students in higher grades of elementary school. Methods： This study involved a test group and a control group, each consisting of 214 students in higher grades of elementary school. These students were subjected to before and after simulation tests conducted between September 9 and October 22, 2004. Results： We predict that the test group who received safety education training will possess a greater knowledge about safety and will conduct themselves in a relatively safer manner relative tothe control group that did not receive safety education training. Conclusion： The above results implicate the importance of a continuous and systematic safety education program and demonstrate the ability of such programs to encourage safe conduct among elementary school children.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-289
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• 2023

This research investigates the development of elementary students' concepts of line segments, straight lines, and rays, employing metaphor analysis as a research methodology. By analyzing metaphorical expressions, the research aims to explore how elementary students form these geometric concepts line segments, straight lines, and lays and evolve their understanding of them across different grades. Surveys were conducted with elementary school students in grades three to six, focusing on metaphorical expressions and corresponding their reasons associated with line segments, straight lines, and rays. The data were analyzed through coding and categorization to identify the types in students' metaphorical expressions. The analysis of metaphorical expressions identified five types: straightness, infinity or direction, connections of another geometric concepts, shape and symbols, and terminology.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2015

This article examines the effects of a long term robot based instruction on the creativity of elementary students. To explain these effects, we conducted similar creativity test twice to 237 students of schools which had been designated as a robot based instruction model from 2011 to 2012. From these test results, the following three conclusions may be drawn: (1) The creativity of students who had participated in long term robot based instruction increased significantly, especially after the first test. (2) The fluency and originality as two of the sub-creativity factors are also accelerated significantly, especially after the first test. (3) The creativity of male and female students are all improved significantly but the test period factor and the interaction factor between male and female are not significant. (4) All elementary students of the lower grades(1st and 2nd grades), middle grades(3rd and 4th grades) and higher grades(5th and 6th grades) increased significantly but the test period factor and the interaction factor between the grades were not significant. On the other hand, the creativity improvement between lower-middle grades and higher grades is significant.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.647-660
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.