• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1063-1075
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• 2013

극한지 지반의 설계정수 산정을 위해 동결토의 강도 특성은 매우 중요한 요인이며 이를 파악하기 위해서는 동결토의 기본적인 특성을 파악하는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동결토의 구성 성분 및 물리적 구조를 반영하는 탄성파에 대한 기초적인 정보를 제공하기 위해 포화도에 따른 동결토의 탄성파 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 시료를 동결시키기 위해 동결 용 셀을 제작하였으며 포화도가 각각 10%, 40%, 100%인 시료를 조성하였다. 시료가 동결되는 동안 탄성파를 측정하기 위해 전단파 트랜스듀서로서 벤더엘리먼트를 사용하였으며, 압축파 트랜스듀서로서 피에조 디스크 엘리먼트를 사용하였다. 포화도가 다른 세 가지 시료의 온도가 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $-10^{\circ}C$까지 변하는 동안 압축파 및 전단파 신호를 측정하였으며, 이를 토대로 탄성파 속도, 공진주파수 및 진폭의 변화를 파악하였다. 또한 탄성파 속도를 이용해 포화도가 다른 동결토의 포아송 비를 분석하였다. 시료가 동결된 이후에 포화도가 큰 시료의 탄성파 속도가 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 탄성파 속도와 공진주파수의 변화는 매우 유사하게 나타났고 그 변화는 동시에 발생하였다. 압축파와 전단파의 진폭은 시료가 동결되는 $0^{\circ}C$에서 각기 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 동결토의 구조적 매커니즘에 대한 정보를 제공하는 탄성파 특성을 시료의 포화도에 따라 파악하고자 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.217-233
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• 2005

Elastic and electromagnetic waves can be used to gather important information about particulate materials. To facilitate smart geophysical characterization of particulate materials, their fundamental properties are discussed and experimental procedures are presented for both elastic and electromagnetic waves. The first application is related to the characterization of particulate materials using shear waves, concentrating on changes in effective stress during consolidation, multi-phase phenomena with relation to capillarity, and microscale characteristics of particles. The second application involves electromagnetic waves, focusing on stratigraphy detection in layered soils, estimation of void ratio and its spatial distribution, and conduction in unsaturated soils. Experimental results suggest that shear waves allow studying particle contact phenomena and the evolution of interparticle forces, while electromagnetic waves give insight into the characteristics of the fluid phase and its spatial distribution.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-135
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• 2009

The reflection and transmission of micropolar thermoelastic plane waves at the interface between an elastic solid and micropolar generalized thermoelastic solid is discussed. The interface boundary conditions obtained contain interface stiffness (normal stiffness and transverse stiffness). The expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients which are the ratios of the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves to the amplitude of incident waves are obtained for normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness and welded contact. Numerical calculations have been performed for amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves. The variations of amplitude ratios with angle of incident wave have been depicted graphically. It is found that the amplitude ratios of reflected and transmitted waves are affected by the stiffness, micropolarity and thermal distribution of the media.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

It is recently well recognized that the technique for the one-sided stress wave velocity measurement in structural materials provides measurement in structural materials provides valuable information on the state of the material such as quality, uniformity, location of cracked or damaged area. This technique is especially effective to measure velocities of longitudinal and Rayleigh waves when access to only one surface of structure is possible. However, one of problems for one-sided stress wave velocity measurement is to get consistent and reliable source for the generation of elastic wave. In this study, the laser based surface elastic wave was used to provide consistent and reliable source for the generation of elastic wave into the materials. The velocities of creeping wave and Rayleigh wave in materials were measured by the one-sided technique using laser based surface elastic wave. These wave velocities were compared with bulk wave velocities such as longitudinal wave and shear wave velocities to certify accuracy of measurement. In addition, the mechanical properties such as poisson's ratio and specific modulus(E/p) were calculated with the velocities of surface elastic waves.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.673-678
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• 1997

Stress wave propagations in an elastic half space to a normal point force of ramp type in time are analyzed. The governing equations are transformed by applying the Laplace and Hankel transforms with respect to time and radial distance. The inversion of Laplace transforms are performed by employing the Cagniard-de Hoop method, where the Rayleigh waves at surface are obtained by including the residue terms. The stress waves computed at the location very cose to the surface are shown to be almost identical to the surface waves obtained by the residue method except the Rayleigh wavefront. It is found that at the surface, the stresses are dominated by the Rayleigh waves, whose amplitudes increase linearly with time when time is very large. It is also found that in the interior part, the radial stress has a logarithmic singularity at the shear wavefront, while tangential stress shows no singularity.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2011

Performance of array sonars towed underwater is limited due to the self-noise induced mainly by the strumming vibration of the towing cable and also turbulent flow around the acoustic sensor module. The vibration of the towing cable generates axisymmetric waves that propagate along the acoustic module of the array sonar and produce self-noise. The present study aims to investigate the characteristics of the self-noise induced by the axisymmetric vibrations of the acoustic module. The waves of interest are the bulge and extensional waves propagating along the fluid-filled elastic hose. Dispersion relations of these waves are predicted by means of the numerical simulation to evaluate the wave speeds. The self-noise induced by the axisymmetric waves are formulated taking into account the damping of the elastic hose and the effect of the damping is investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.347-378
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• 2016

Within the scope of the plane-strain state, by utilizing the three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in initially stressed piezoelectric and elastic materials, Lamb wave propagation and the influence of the initial stresses on this propagation in a sandwich plate with pre-stressed piezoelectric face and pre-stressed metal elastic core layers are investigated. Dispersion equations are derived for the extensional and flexural Lamb waves and, as a result of numerical solution to these equations, the corresponding dispersion curves for the first (fundamental) and second modes are constructed. Concrete numerical results are obtained for the cases where the face layers' materials are PZT-2 or PZT-6B, but the material of the middle layer is Steel (St) or Aluminum (Al). Sandwich plates PZT-2/St/PZT-2, PZT-2/Al/PZT-2, PZT-6B/St/PZT-6B and PZT-6B/Al/PZT-6B are examined and the influence of the problem parameters such as piezoelectric and dielectric constants, layer thickness ratios and third order elastic constants of the St and Al on the effects of the initial stresses on the wave propagation velocity is studied.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 유한 원통셸의 강제진동을 탄성파를 이용하여 해석하였다. 원통셸의 강제 진동장을 나타내기 위하여 변위벡터를 이용하였으며, 진동장을 여러 특성과 방향을 갖고 전파하는 탄성파들에 의한 영향의 합으로써 나타내었다. 또한 양 끝단에서 파동의 반사 현상을 고려하는 반사행렬을 이용하였다. 그리고 본 해석 방법을 통하여 반사행렬을 쉽게 구할 수 있기 때문에, 원통셸 양 끝단에서 탄성파들간의 파동변환을 용이하게 예측할 수 있도록 하였다. 이러한 해석 방법을 이용하여 자유단을 갖고 점가진력에 의해 강제 진동하는 유한 원통셸의 진동장에 대한 수치 계산을 수행하였다. 또한 진동장을 이루는 탄성파들의 기여도와 특성, 그리고 원통셸 끝단에서 탄성파들간의 파동변환을 분석함으로써 본 해석 기법의 유용성을 보였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.266-281
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• 2017

Hydroelastic interactions of a deformable floating body with random waves are investigated in time domain. Both hydroelastic motion and structural dynamics are solved by expansion of elastic modes and Fourier transform for the random waves. A direct and efficient structural analysis in time domain is developed. In particular, an efficient way of obtaining distributive loads for the hydrodynamic integral terms including convolution integral by using Fubini theory is explained. After confirming correctness of respective loading components, calculations of full distributions of loads in random waves are expedited by reformulating all the body loading terms into distributed forms. The method is validated by extensive convergence tests and comparisons against the counterparts of the frequency-domain analysis. Characteristics of motion/deformation responses and stress resultants are investigated through a parametric study with varying bending rigidity and types of random waves. Relative contributions of componential loads are identified. The consequence of elastic-mode resonance is underscored.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2012

지표 근처의 지반은 대부분이 불포화 상태로 이루어진다. 이러한 불포화토의 강성은 지반에 존재하는 물과 공기의 양에 영향을 받게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 전단파와 압축파 신호를 이용하여, 불포화토가 가지는 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 인위적으로 지표 근처의 불포화토를 조성하기 위해 압력판 추출시험기를 사용하였으며, 모관흡수력 조절을 통해 포화도를 변화시키면서 각 포화단계에 따른 탄성파를 측정하였다. 전단파 속도의 측정을 위해 벤더엘리먼트가 사용되었고, 압축파 속도의 측정을 위해서 디스크엘리먼트가 사용되었다. 각각의 트랜스듀서는 실험을 위해 제작된 사각형의 구속셀 안쪽에 설치되었다. 균질한 크기의 모래시료와 세립분을 이용하여 불포화토를 조성하였다. 실험을 통해 모관흡수력 변화에 따른 시료의 포화도 변화를 관찰하고, 각 포화단계에 따른 전단파 속도와 압축파 속도를 산정하였다. 또한, 측정된 탄성파 속도를 바탕으로 탄성계수, 전단탄성계수 그리고 포아송비를 추정하였다. 탄성파를 이용하여 산정한 간극비와 부피측정에 근거한 간극비가 거의 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 제시한 불포화토의 각 포화단계에 따른 탄성파 속도의 측정실험은 지표 근처의 불포화토가 지니는 특성을 파악하기 위한 매우 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.