• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

Exposure experiments during the egg development were conducted to assess the influences of 5 different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of water-soluble fraction (WSF) of Kuwait crude oil on the eggs and larvae of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli), red seabream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). All experiments were triplicated. Hatching time and hatching rate were examined on the eggs. The median lethal time ($LT_{50}$), morphological abnormality and swimming activity (swimming frequency and speed) of larvae were also investigated. The time and rate of egg hatching were not significantly influenced by WSF on the eggs of the fishes. The larvae exposed to WSF during the egg development were also not significantly influenced on the $LT_{50}$ and swimming activity. But the higher morphological abnormalities of notochord were observed from the larvae in 100% WSF exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 1996

In order to develop new bioactive functions ginseng extract, it was studies whether the ginseng extracts on the induction of immunological tolerance In mice. Oral immunologic tolerance was induced by the secondary exposure of egg albumin + alum following gastrointestinal exposure nth egg albumin In mice, and the effect on anti EA antibody in blood, 7 cell subset in spleen were Investigated. The results obtained were as follows. EA group and EA + GE group was capable of conferring tolerance, contained a profound for 5 weeks experimental but saline group restricted to induce tolerance. GE group did not show the activity of tolerance by the first immunogens exposure, but induced the tolerance by the secondary exposure. And also spleen T cells, CD 8+ and CD 4+ were decreased. These results suggested that ginseng may affect the induction of immunological tolerance, which may be associated proliferative response of CD 4+ and CD 8+ in splenocyte.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.438-443
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• 1999

A livetin solution(LS) containing yolk immunoglobulins(IgY) was separated by treating the egg yolk with natural gum, carrageenan. Carrageenan has been used as a food ingredient. Relative absorbance of IgY LS after proteolysis was investigated. IgY LS was fairly stable to pepsin digestion at pH 3.0. However, IgY LS appeared to be susceptible to pepsin digestion at pH 2.0, showing 18% of relative absorbance and complete breakdown H chain after 30 min exposure. Relative absorbance of IgY LS was considerably high after exposure to trypsin and chymotrypsin for 8 hr. IgY LS showed especially good stability to chymotrypsin digestion.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the attach rate and survival rate for the female harpacticoid Tigriopus japonicus response to 4-nonylphenol, known endocrine disrupter. The organisms were sampled by net sweeping on the Jeju Island in April, 2004 were reared in the laboratory condition. As the concentrations increased, the mortality was slowly increased. The first day for appearing dead individuals was clearly different between control conditions and treated conditions. When the female with egg sac was moved to experimental conditions for the adaptation, the female was dropped the egg sac from the body and then reproduced the egg sac into four to five days. Usually the female in control group recovered egg sac but that in the treated group made egg sac between $89\%\;and\;95\%$ on exposed individuals. The dead individuals for control conditions were showed on ten days after treating chemicals while those for treated conditions were appeared four to six day after exposure to chemicals.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1998

Exposure of freshly laid eggs of Exorista bombycis (Louis) to volatiles emanating from bulbs of Allium sativum L. for different durations resulted in signigicant reduction in their hatchability. Maggots hatched from the eggs exposured for 64 h and 72 h were failed to emerge from host larvae. The duration of development stages of E. bombycis was prolonged besides reduction in rate of pupation and adult emergence as the egg exposure period increased. The findings are interpreted as the chronic effects of volatiles of garlic affecting maggots following developmental defects sustainable during embryonic development. The known major chemical components of A. sativum such as allicin, thioacrolein, ajoune, 2-propene sulfenic acid, 2-propene thiol and propylene were presumed to be responsible for the adverse consequences reported in this paper.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1002-1016
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop appropriate temperature management practices and provide scientific evidence to support the development of sell-by-date guidance for eggs. Washed and unwashed eggs were subjected to storage under six different scenarios, and both types of eggs were stored at temperatures up to 35℃ to evaluate the sell-by-date. Despite temperature fluctuations or continuous storage at 30℃ for 5 days, subsequent storage at 10℃ resulted in significantly higher Haugh unit and yolk index on day 15. These results indicate that refrigerating eggs from retail sales until consumption is effective for egg quality management, despite the exposure of up to 35℃ during distribution. In terms of sell-by-date evaluation, washed eggs retained class B quality for an additional 37 days beyond the recommended sell-by-date at 15℃, which is above the regulated storage temperature. However, unwashed eggs maintained class B quality for approximately 20 days at 30℃-35℃, emphasizing the need for sell-by-date guidelines for unwashed eggs. This study is the first to provide appropriate egg-handling practices based on the actual distribution environment in Korea.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Sperm competent for fertilization can become capacitated, bind to the zona pellucida (ZP) of an egg in a specific manner, and complete acrosomal exocytosis. Failure to carry out these functions results in infertility. Although the interactions between the ZP and the plasma mem-brane overlying the sperm acrosome have been considered important for sperm-egg recognition and signalling, recent results have prompted a reassessment of current paradigms concerning these interactions. In this review, we're going to discuss about the roles of the acrosomal matrix, the particulate component of the acrosomal contents, in fertilization. The general hypothesis is that acrosomal exocytosis leads to the exposure of acrosomal matrix proteins that become de-facto extracellular matrix (ECM) on the surface of the sperm head, and that the dynamic interactions of this newly-exposed sperm ECM with the egg ECM (the ZP) govern sperm-egg recognition and sperm penetration of the ZP Informations from these experiments may provide new ways to address the poor ZP binding of sperm from some human infertility patients and may offer new avenues for contraception through the disruption of purposeful sperm-ZP binding.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.408-414
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• 1999

A number of chemical released into the environment eliciting their effects by disrupting normal hormonal pathways. Endocrine disrupting compounds are present in the aquatic environment and pose potential health consequences to wildlife and humans. This review are designing fur xenobiotic estrogens based on induction of the egg-yolk precursor protein vitelloge-nin. In fish of aquatic environment, it may result in decrease fertility and egg production in females or lead to reduced gonad size or feminization of genetic male fish. It has been known that male fish exposed to estrogenic compounds show induced production of vitellogenin. Vitello-genin production is normally restricted to adult females, which have elevated estrogen levels during egg production. However, vitellogenin can be induced in males by Pollution of environmental endocrine disruptors. Consequently, the presence of vitellogenin in male fish can serve as an indicator of exposure of environmental endocrine disrupting compounds. In immature fish pol-luted at low levels of environmental endocrine disrupter, vitellogenin can serve as a reliable biomarker for exposure to endocrine disrupter. This review demonstrates the utility of vitellogenin as a biomarker fur exposure to estrogenin agents in auqatic environment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Effects of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) constituents (naphthalene, fluorine, fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene) on fertilization and early development of sea urchin egg, sperm and fertilized egg were investigated. The eggs, sperm and fertilized eggs were exposed to several concentrations of PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). The rate of fertilization and hatching decreased when the eggs and sperm were exposed to aqueous solution of PAHs. Also, Exposure of fertilized eggs with each PAHs did decrease survival and hatching rate. Concentration-dependent toxic effects on the rate of fertilization, hatching, survival and abnormality in A. crassispina were observed following exposure to PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). These data show that PAHs exposure decreased in fertilization success of sea urchin egg and sperm and producted abnormal embryo. It is plausible to suggest that PAHs had the potential to significantly reduce coastal recruitment of sea urchin.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2008

The inhibitory effect of herbal extracts using methanol and hexane collected from Sudan and Korea was evaluated on egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita. The concentration of herbal extracts were 10,000, 1,000 and 100 ppm, respectively. They were treated to Meloidogyne incognita eggs after 3, 7, and 21 days of hatching. All herbal extracts inhibited egg hatching significantly compared to the control. The degree of inhibition was directly related to the concentration of the extracts. At 10,000 ppm, very fewer individuals were hatched at all the periods of exposure with the exception of the extract of fruits of Quisqalis indica which gave 84.4 and 54.5% at 7 and 21 days, respectively. Egg hatching was completely ceased, especially after 7 days for most of the extracts. While at 1,000 ppm relatively high numbers of eggs were hatched compared to the higher concentration, as well the extracts Q. indica reported many number of hatched eggs compared to others, especially at 21 days. On the other hand, the extract from pods of Cucumis mello var agrestis gave the least hatching number of eggs at all periods of exposure which gave 2, 8, and 3% at 3, 7, and 21 days, respectively in comparison to the control. Whereas at 100 ppm, inhibition increased with exposure time. However, the extract leaf of Desmodium caudatum represented the fewer hatching eggs at 3 and 7 days.