• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.465-479
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• 2021

One of the important causes of building and infrastructure failure, such as bridges on pile foundations, is the placement of the piles in liquefiable soil that can become unstable under seismic loads. Therefore, the overarching aim of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of a soil-pile system in liquefiable soil using three-dimensional numerical FEM analysis, including soil-pile interaction. Effective parameters on concrete pile response, involving the pile diameter, pile length, soil type, and base acceleration, were considered in the framework of finite element non-linear dynamic analysis. The constitutive model of soil was considered as elasto-plastic kinematic-isotropic hardening. First, the finite element model was verified by comparing the variations on the pile response with the measured data from the centrifuge tests, and there was a strong agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Totally 64 non-linear time-history analyses were conducted, and the responses were investigated in terms of the lateral displacement of the pile, the effect of the base acceleration in the pile behavior, the bending moment distribution in the pile body, and the pore pressure. The numerical analysis results demonstrated that the relationship between the pile lateral displacement and the maximum base acceleration is non-linear. Furthermore, increasing the pile diameter results in an increase in the passive pressure of the soil. Also, piles with small and big diameters are subjected to yielding under bending and shear states, respectively. It is concluded that an effective stress-based ground response analysis should be conducted when there is a liquefaction condition in order to determine the maximum bending moment and shear force generated within the pile.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2000

The seismic design recommendations of the Jordan Code for Loads and Forces (JC) are evaluated, based on comparisons with analytical studies and the Uniform Building Code. It was established that the overall safety ensured by the implementation of these recommendations is not consistent with the established seismic risk in Jordan and the intended objectives of the code. A new zoning map is proposed with effective peak ground acceleration values. The different period formulae of the code were studied and were found to grossly underestimate the fundamental period when compared with analytically derived values or other codes' formulae. Other factors including the dynamic, soil, importance and behavior factors are discussed. It was determined that the JC's lateral load distribution formulae clearly lead to smaller internal forces than both dynamic analysis and UBC loads, even when those loads are normalized to give the same base shear. The main reason for this is attributed to the limited allowance for a backlash force in the JC.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.569-581
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• 1995

In this paper, the seismic behavior of a 10-story building equipped with viscoelastic dampers is analyzed. The effects of ambient temperature, the thickness, the total area, and the position of the viscoelastic dampers are studied. Results indicate that the energy-absorbing capacity of viscoelastic damper decreases with increasing the ambient temperature. The thickness and the total area of viscoelastic dampers also affect the seismic mitigation capacity. The thickness cannot be too small, which is not effective in vibration reduction, nor can it be too large, which not only increases the cost but also reduces the seismic resistance. The total area of viscoelastic dampers should be determined properly for optimum damper performance at the most economical design. The mounting position of viscoelastic dampers also influences the structure's seismic performance. Numerical results show that, if properly equipped, the VE dampers can reduce the structural response both floor displacement and story shear force and increase the overall level of damping in structures during earthquakes.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1996년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.165-172
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• 1996

Recently, the response of a high-rise building to external dynamic force created by wind and earthquake has received much attention. This response is dependent on wind intensity, surrounding environment, building size, shape, mass, stiffness and amount of energy dissipation available in the system. The study has been done on these parameters. Attempts have been made to increase the damping in building system and thereby reduce structural response. These attempts have centered on adding an energy-dissipative system(passive tuned mass damper; passive TMD) to the building system and increasing the overall effective damping. In this paper the optimum condition of passive TMD will be derived with respect to random excitation and the properties of the optimum condition will have been studied.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1997

교량의 내진설계에 있어서 일반적인 중.소지간의 교량에 적용하도록 규정법 단일모드 스펙트럼 해석법은 비교적 작은 규모의 단순교량에 적용되는 있는 간단한 내진설계방법에며 국내외를 통틀어 가장 많이 사용되는 방법이다. 그러나 최근에 들어서부터 구조형상이 복잡해지고 지간이 길고 교각고가 높은, 규모가 큰 비정형 교량이 많이 시공되고 있으며 이러한 경우에는 교량의 안전과 경제적, 효율적인 설계를 위해서 반드시 다중모드 스펙트럼 해석법이나 입력지진파에 의한 시간이력해석에 의해서 검토되는 것이 바람직하다.다중모드 스펙트럼 해석법의 경우에는 교량의 형식, 경간의 수, 교각의 강성, 인접교각과의 상대적 강성 및 상부구조의 지지조건 등에 따라서 같은 유형의 교량이라 하더라도 진동응답은 각기 다르기 때문에 일률적인 규칙을 적용하는데에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도로교량에 대한 효율적인 내진설계가 이루어지기 위해서, 교량이 진동응답 및 특성을 파악할 수 있는 3차원 동적해석 프로그램을 작성하여 내진해석이 용이하게 이루어질 수 있도록 하였으며, 후처리 프로그램을 사용하므로써 동적해석프로그램에 의한 결과를 곧바로 내진설계에 반영할 수 있도록 하였으며, 후처리 프로그램을 사용하므로써 동적해석프로그램에 의한 결과를 곧바로 내진설계에 반영할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 교량의 형식, 규모, 지지조건 등의 변화에 따른 동적 해석결과로부터 적절하고 효율적인 내진설계의 기준을 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2003

구조물은 지진, 풍랑 등과 같은 외부의 충격에 대해서 노출되어 있기 때문에 대규모의 피해가능성이 항상 존재한다. 이러한 외부에 대한 충격흡수 장치는 여러 가지가 있다. 이러한 기구 중에서 널리 사용되고 있는 것이 기계적 에너지를 소산시키는 유압 감쇠기이다 본 논문에서는 유압 감쇠기의 단점을 보완하고 보다 효율이 높은 감쇠기를 나노기술을 응용하여 새로운 감쇠기에 대한 기초적 이론연구를 하였다. 새로운 감쇠기는 내부에 점성 유체 대신에 무기재료의 입자를 유체와 혼합하여 사용하였고 오리피스를 생략함으로 해서 보다 간단한 구조로 설계하였다. 나노 단위 기공에서의 유동 현상을 설명하기 위해서는 기존의 유체역학에 대한 지배방정식 및 가설들이 더 이상 적용이 되지 않는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 지금까지 명확하게 규명되지 않았던 감쇠기의 열 발생, 나노 유동, 그리고 에너지 소산에 대한 이론적 해석을 수행하였다. 그리고 다공 입자 구조에 따른 에너지 소산에 대한 영향을 모델링하여 조사하였다. 감쇠 효과를 검토하기 위해 기존의 유압 감쇠기와 에너지 소산효율을 비교하였다. 또한 감쇠 효율을 수치적인 해석결과와 실험 결과를 서로 비교하여 검토하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2019

Infills are as important members in structural design as beams, columns and braces. They have significant effect on structural behavior. Because of lots of variables in infills like material non-linear behavior, the interaction between frames and infill, etc., the infills performance during an earthquake is complicated, so have led designers do not consider the effect of infills in designing the structure. However, the experimental studies revealed that the infills have the remarkable effect on structure behavior. As if these effects ignored, it might occur soft-story phenomena, torsion or short-column effects on the structures. One simple and appropriate method for considering the infills effects in analyzing, is replacing the infills with diagonal compression strut with the same performance of real infill, instead of designing the whole infill. Because of too many uncertainties, codes and researchers gave many expressions that were not as the same as the others. The major intent of this paper is calculation the width of this diagonal strut, which has the most characteristics of infill. This paper by comprehensive on different parameters like the modulus of young or moment of inertia of columns presents a new formula for achieving the equivalent strut width. In fact, this new formula is extracted from about 60 FEM analyses models. It can be said that this formula is very efficient and accurate in estimating the equivalent strut width, considering the large number of effective parameters relative to similar relationships provided by other researchers. In most cases, the results are so close to the values obtained by the FEM. In this formula, the effect of out of plane buckling is neglected and this formula is used just in steel structures. Also, the thickness of infill panel, and the lateral force applied to frame are constant. In addition, this new formula is just for modeling the lateral stiffness. Obtaining the nearest response in analyzing is important to the designers, so this new formula can help them to reach more accurate response among a lot of experimental equations proposed by researchers.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

In the case of low-rise buildings in seismic performance evaluation, lateral force resistance of the pillars affects the seismic performance of the building. Evaluation of the seismic performance of the column is determined by the holding performance is evaluated by comparing the shear strength and bending strength it was destroyed bylow intensity. In case of the school building, in order to install the large windows for ventilation and lighting of the partition walls are located between the pillars. The case of the pillars of these, shear failure occurs in the event of an earthquake is often, in the seismic performance evaluation, partition wall and the wall of the shim is evaluated ignoring, pillar of the general pillars If you have to calculate the results of the seismic performance distorted that are destroyed by bending behavior can be evaluated as often. Results of the study, when assessed by distinguishing the effective length of the column, it was found that when a seismic load is applied, it is possible to accurately predict the failure mode, reliable results of seismic performance evaluation of the school building.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2016

Seismic behavior of new composite structural system with a fabricated floor was studied. A two-bay and three-story structural model with the scale ratio of 1/4 was consequently designed. Based on the proposed model, multiple factors including energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation and deformation performance were analyzed through equivalent single degree of freedom pseudo-dynamic test with different earthquake levels. The results show that, structural integrity as well as the effective transmission of the horizontal force can be ensured by additional X bracing at the bottom of the rigidity of the floor without concrete topping. It is proved that the cast-in-place floor in areas with high seismic intensity can be replaced by the prefabricated floor without pouring surface layer. The results provide a reliable theoretical basis for the seismic design of the similar structural systems in engineering application.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2010

내진 평가에서 동적 해석이 필요한 원심펌프에 대하여, 시간 이력 해석에 비해 간편한 스펙트럼 해석을 이용하여, 진동 응답을 산출하였다. 유한요소법에 의하여 모드 해석을 하였으며, 모드 해석 결과에 입각하여 스펙트럼 해석을 수행하였다. 스펙트럼 해석에 의해 구해진 진동 응답은 시간 이력 해석의 결과보다 보수적으로 산출되어 안전하게 설계할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서의 펌프는 IEEE 344-1987에서 요구되는 조건에 따라 내진 구조 건전성이 평가 되었다. 각 부재의 최대 응력은 허용 응력이하로 산출되었으며, 펌프는 주어진 지진 입력에 대하여 요구되는 안전 조건을 구비하고 있음이 판명되었다.