• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2021

A conceptual model can be used to manage complexity in both the design and implementation phases of the system development life cycle. Such a model requires a firm grasp of the abstract principles on which a system is based, as well as an understanding of the high-level nature of the representation of entities and processes. In this context, models can have distinct architectural characteristics. This paper discusses model multiplicity (e.g., unified modeling language [UML]), model singularity (e.g., object-process methodology [OPM], thinging machine [TM]), and a heterogeneous model that involves multiplicity and singularity. The basic idea of model multiplicity is that it is not possible to present all views in a single representation, so a number of models are used, with each model representing a different view. The model singularity approach uses only a single unified model that assimilates its subsystems into one system. This paper is concerned with current approaches, especially in software engineering texts, where multimodal UML is introduced as the general-purpose modeling language (i.e., UML is modeling). In such a situation, we suggest raising the issue of multiplicity versus singularity in modeling. This would foster a basic appreciation of the UML advantages and difficulties that may be faced during modeling, especially in the educational setting. Furthermore, we advocate the claim that a multiplicity of views does not necessitate a multiplicity of models. The model singularity approach can represent multiple views (static, behavior) without resorting to a collection of multiple models with various notations. We present an example of such a model where the static representation is developed first. Then, the dynamic view and behavioral representations are built by incorporating a decomposition strategy interleaved with the notion of time.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1143-1157
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop HS-VOSTS(High School Students' Views On Science-Technology-Society), which is an instrument that monitors high school students' views on STS. For this study, 23 multiple-choice items were developed on four categories. First, a categorial scheme was constructed. The categorial scheme was based on many instruments that evaluate students' understanding on STS, literature review, and STS learning goal that many researchers had asserted. Second, the multiple-choice items were developed. The development of the items was carried out through four steps. In the first step, some pairs of statement on each subordinate category were formed. Next, the student statement questionaries which were based on the pairs of statement were responded by 772 students. In the second step, the response written by the students were analyzed to common viewpoints and the first multiple-choice items were constructed. In the third step, the semistructured interview with 28 high school students was implemented and the second multiple-choice items were constructed. In the fourth step, the final version of the instrument was developed through the analysis of the students' response on the second multiple-choice items. HS-VOSTS is an useful instrument for monitoring students' beliefs and viewpoints on STS topics. The results of the students' responses to HS-VOSTS items reflect the students' own thoughts directly. These results will give some implications for the curriculum developers, the authors of text books and the educational policy makers as well as the teachers.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2013

This study elementary status of the investigation and analysis of smart phone use, and utilize of smart phones educational ways was carried out in order to investigate. In this study, factors commonly associated with the use of smart phones, in school area, gender, grade, and the need for a smart phone, smart phone using, whether for general cell phone use was a total of six tablets. General knowledge, attitude, practice about the factors and smart phone levels were analyzed using a smart phone and do not use the group's collective knowledge, attitudes, and practice levels were analyzed. To take advantage of the smart phone utilizing educational strategies were suggested, the general situation for smart phones and questionnaires were analyzed by a positive phenomenon. But Educational effect was neutral or negative views. We suggest the analysis of the educational utilization of smartphones on elementary students.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.349-360
• /
• 2016

This cross-national study examines the similarities and differences between Korean and U.S. pre-service teachers' views on equitable mathematics teaching. Pre-service teachers enrolled in mathematics education courses at the two sites (Korea, n=51; U.S., n=33) were administered a survey consisting of the following: (a) items about pre-service teachers' views on equity relative to mathematical ability, classroom policies and practices, and access to learning opportunities, (b) items about pre-service teachers' agreement in their views on recommended practices, and (c) items about participants' past learning experiences in an equitable learning environment as students. Similarities were found between the sites regarding the following: (a) advocating for equitable mathematics teaching, and (b) conceptualizing equitable teaching as a way to support the learning of less capable students. Differences were found with regard to nurturing growth mindsets in mathematics; positioning toward equal opportunities and outcomes in learning; and relating to grouping as collaborative learning strategies.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2022

Background: YouTube has become a popular source of healthcare information in orthopedic surgery. Although quality-based studies of YouTube content have been performed for information concerning many orthopedic pathologies, the quality and accuracy of information on the rotator cuff have yet to be evaluated. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the reliability and educational content of YouTube videos concerning the rotator cuff. Methods: YouTube was queried for the term "rotator cuff." The first 50 videos from this search were evaluated. Video reliability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria (range, 0-5). Educational content was assessed using the global quality score (GQS; range, 0-4) and the rotator cuff-specific score (RCSS; range, 0-22). Results: The mean number of views was 317,500.7±538,585.3. The mean JAMA, GQS, and RCSS scores were 2.7±2.0, 3.7±1.0, and 5.6±3.6, respectively. Non-surgical intervention content was independently associated with a lower GQS (β=-2.19, p=0.019). Disease-specific video content (β=4.01, p=0.045) was the only independent predictor of RCSS. Conclusions: The overall quality and educational content of YouTube videos concerned with the rotator cuff were low. Physicians should caution patients in using such videos as resources for decision-making and should counsel them appropriately.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.123-155
• /
• 2007

This research treated the secondary school teachers as the research scale and the research targets included the following: secondary school (employ unit), center of teacher education, and qualified teachers. In terms of these three groups of people, the topics of exploration focused on the perception of suitable teachers, perception of evaluation standard during the process of teacher examination and the relationship among teacher examination systems. The research was managed by two phases: the first phase referred to literature reorganization, expert interview, the qualities and conditions of suitable teachers, important evaluation standard during the process of teacher examination and teacher examination system used; the second phase included questionnaire survey, employ school acquisition, the perception of centers of teacher education and qualified teachers toward the suitability condition and examination evaluation standard in the first phase and teacher examination system used. This research found out that as to the perception of suitable teachers, through data collection, there were six factors reorganized. The levels of their importance were as follows: education devotion, teaching capacity, class management, capacity to guide special students, capacity to communicate with the parents and the will to undertake administrative works. Noticeably, employee unit and centers of teacher education apparently valued class management more, compared with trained teachers; as to evaluation standard of examination, the analytical result found out that the perception of three groups were different in terms of the views toward educational works, written examination data, candidate's age, club experience at school and capacity to use multimedia support teaching materials. This research further proposed six suggestions for centers of teacher education and trained teachers: (l) employ schools considerably valued educational devotion; (2) trained teachers tended to neglect the importance of class management; (3) employee unit considerably cared about the new teachers' competence to use multimedia support teaching materials; however, trained teachers did not have the same view; (4) employee unit considerably cared about new teachers' views toward educational works as well as the candidates' ages; (5) generally speaking, trained teachers neglected the importance of club experience at school; (6) the data revealed that written examination data was not relatively important in terms of teacher examination.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.409-424
• /
• 2002

The historico-genetic principle has been advocated continuously, as an alternative one to the traditional deductive method of teaching and learning mathematics, by Clairaut, Cajori, Smith, Klein, Poincar$\'{e}$, La Cour, Branford, Toeplitz, etc. since 18C. And recently we could find various studies in relation to the historico-genetic principle. Lakatos', Freudenthal's, and Brousseau's are representative in them. But they are different from the previous historico- genetic principle in many aspects. In this study, the previous historico- genetic principle is called as classical historico- genetic principle and the other one as modern historico-genetic principle. This study shows that the differences between them arise from the historical views of mathematics and the development of the theories of mathematics education. Dewey thinks that education is a constant reconstruction of experience. This study shows the historico-genetic principle could us embody the Dewey's psycological method. Bruner's discipline-centered curriculum based on Piaget's genetic epistemology insists on teaching mathematics in the reverse order of historical genesis. This study shows the real understaning the structure of knowledge could not neglect the connection with histogenesis of them. This study shows the historico-genetic principle could help us realize Bruner's point of view on the teaching of the structure of mathematical knowledge. In this study, on the basis of the examination of the development of the historico-genetic principle, we try to stipulate the principle more clearly, and we also try to present teaching unit for the logarithm according to the historico- genetic principle.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the cognition of Korean tradition and the required basic educational contents among interior architects. The survey had been made 277 designers and the major findings of this study are as follows. First. It is revealed that only a half of interior architect have been taught about Korean tradition in university and their level of knowledge is entry level. Therefore it is found that the education in university on the Korean tradition was not sufficient enough Second, it is believed that one ideal way of expressing Korean tradition is re-interpreting traditional motive with modern views and another way is to express abstractly about Korean traditional space arrangement, composition and space concept. It is found that substantial knowledge and information is required to express Korean tradition effectively. Third. it is found that a lot of interior architect has faced difficulties in carrying out projects because of not having sufficient knowledge related to Korean tradition. Therefore it is recommended to educate basic theory about Korean tradition first and then reinforce the program by including field trip In university curriculum. Fourth. it is necessary to re-educate to current Interior architect because of lacking knowledge about Korean tradition. The recommended area in priority order is traditional Interior space, traditional architecture, traditional color, traditional pattern and traditional furniture

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.151-165
• /
• 1999

In this study, I consider the meaning of activity as the source of mathematical knowledge. Mind-body dualism of Descartes which understands that knowledge precedes activity is somewhat overcomed by Ryle who understands that knowledge and activity are two sides of the same coin. But his discussion cannot offer the explanation about the foundation of rightness or the development of rules which can be expressed propriety of activity or rationality. Contrary to these views, Piaget solve this problem by the reasonability of 'the whole system of activity'. The theory of Dewey can be evaluated as an origin of activism of Piaget. Piaget considers knowledge as the system of activity itself, whereas Dewey considers knowledge as 'the result of activity'. This view of Dewey is related to the view of pragmatism which considers 'practice' is more important than 'theory'. The nature of 'activity' in this study has to be understanded as the interaction or the relation between the subject and the object. If we understand activity like this, we can explain that the whole structure of activity has the 'wholeness' that cannot be simply restored to the sum total of 'parts' and the new structure is a self-regulative transformation system which includes former structure continuously.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.112-121
• /
• 2004

An activity of nature experience guidance can be considered as an educational event, thus, I regarded the volunteers as the guides of nature experience and examined closely their guidance activities as a participant to provide in-depth description about their behavior, context, and changes in ethnographic view. In this study I raised two following questions; 1) how have the guides been changed through two types of activities and 2) what problems are brought up in their context. First, the volunteers acquired awareness and sensitivity to the total environment and its related problems during course of training, even though they were initially motivated to participate in training course for their children. Second, guidance activity improved their basic understanding of and views toward the environment, awareness of the total environment, attitudes to environment, skills in solving environmental problems and participation levels in working towards resolution of environmental problems. However, they had difficulties in communication with each other and since nature experience guides are wives and mothers they worked against time and needed support from their family. Further studies will continue on analysis of training programs for the guides to improve and to contribute guide's positive changes to non-formal environmental education.