• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the nursing activities related to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the intensive care units (ICU). Methods: We developed a list of 31 CRRT related nursing activities based on literature review and reviewed by expert group. A total of 109 direct time measurement records by 43 ICU nurses were collected and analyzed in terms of total time per shift, frequency, standard time, difficulty and performance levels of each CRRT nursing activity. Results: The mean time for CRRT nursing activity was 85.60 minutes per 8 hour shift. Nurses have spent average $9.46{\pm}6.98$ minutes in a shift for "waste fluid bag change" activity. In addition, "check catheter location" was the most time consuming single activity. The most difficult activity was "counseling-answer" and the most competent one was "dialysis solutions change". Conclusion: The CRRT nursing activities accounted for a significant portion of total nursing workload. Practical allocation of nursing staff for CRRT patient along with development of a new nursing cost system need to be considered. Continuous nursing educational and training programs on CRRT should be developed.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe psychosocial difficulties experienced by cancer patients. Methods: Three focus group interviews were conducted to collect the data from 19 outpatients with cancer undergoing treatments during 2009. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis of grounded theory. Results: As a result of constant comparative analysis, 'psychosocial distress' was identified as a core category, and seven subcategories were identified. 'Plunged into negative emotions' and 'damaged self-identity' were identified as major categories in the individual dimension. 'Difficulty in dealing with diagnosis' and 'hasty expectations and concerns' were identified in the dimension of family. 'Inefficient communication' and 'lack of necessary information' were identified in the dimension of health care setting. 'Lonely journey into a strange territory' was identified in the dimension of society. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that cancer patients experience a wide range of psychosocial problems. Thus, in assessing and relieving psychosocial distress of cancer patients, it is necessary to focus not only on the level of the individual but also on the levels of family, health care setting, and society in general is necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.2141-2144
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• 2016

Background: Many cancer patients still experience pain worldwide. There are many barriers for effective control of cancer pain and many of these are related to health care providers. There is a need for further investigation of these barriers. The aim of this study was to investigate nurse-related barriers to control of cancer pain among Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 49 nurses from two hospitals affiliated to Tabriz and Ardebil Universities of Medical Sciences participated using a census sampling method. A demographic and profession related checklist and Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) were used for data collection. Results: The results showed negative attitudes of participants regarding control of cancer pain. Participants believed that cancer pain medications do not manage cancer pain at acceptable levels; patients may become addicted by using these drugs; cancer pain medications have many uncontrollable effects; and controlling cancer pain may distract the physicians from treating disease. Conclusions: Iranian nurses have negative attitudes toward pain control in cancer patients especially about effectiveness of pain medication and their side effects. Educational intervention to reduce these misconceptions is needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1875-1879
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. A very important factor in the timely treatment and prevention of progression is high breast cancer awareness. Rural women are at risk of latte stage breast cancer due to poor education and lack of access to medical facilities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted on 266 women (out of 300) aged over 18 in rural areas of Zabol, Southeastern Iran during July 2015 to October 2015. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that measured participant knowledge of breast cancer in four aspects (general awareness, risk factors, mammography, and symptoms). SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 266 participants, age information was available for 261. The age range was between 19 and 62, with a mean of $27{\pm}2.1years$. Most participants (154, 57.9%) had an average overall awareness of breast cancer. In the general awareness dimension, most participants (130, 48.9%) had poor scores. Most (166, 62.4%) also had average awareness about risk factors and many (137, 51.5%) had good awareness about mammography. Most participants did not know that changes in breast shape (232, 88.2%), dimpling of breast skin (192, 72.3%) and nipple discharge (183, 69.6%) are the main symptoms of breast cancer. ANOVA statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between awareness level and participant education and occupation (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study indicated average awareness of participants about breast cancer. Since rural women have lower levels of education, it is recommended that educational courses with contents about breast cancer, its risk factors, and symptoms be held for these women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1627-1631
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• 2015

Background: Stage at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors of breast cancer survival. Because in the breast cancer case this may vary with socioeconomic characteristics, this study was performed to recognize the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors with stage at diagnosis in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on 526 patients suffering from breast cancer and registered in Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2013. A reliable and valid questionnaire about family levels of socioeconomic status filled in by interviewing the patients via phone. For analyzing the data, Multinomial logistic regression, Kendal tau-b correlation coefficient and Contingency Coefficient tests were executed by SPSS22. Economic status, educational attainment of patient and household head and/or a combination of these were considered as parameters for socioeconomic status. First, the relationship between stage at diagnosis and demographic and socioeconomic status was assessed in univariate analysis then these relationships assessed in two different models of multinomial logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.3 (SD=11.4). According to the results of this study, there were significant relationships between stage at diagnosis of breast cancer with patient education (p=0.011), living place (p=0.044) and combined socioeconomic status (p=0.024). These relationships persisted in multiple multinomial logistic regressions. Other variables, however, had no significant correlation. Conclusions: Patient education, combined socioeconomic status and living place are important variables in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in Iranian women. Interventions have to be applied with the aim of raising women's accessibility to diagnostic and medical facilities and also awareness in order to reducing delay in referring. In addition, covering breast cancer screening services by insurance is recommended.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 최근 심각한 사회문제로 대두되고 있는 인터넷 혐오표현의 원인과 대응방안을 모색하는 것이다. 혐오표현을 경험한 대학생들의 에세이 분석을 통해 인터넷 혐오표현에 대한 노출 실태를 분석했으며, 전문가 심층인터뷰를 통해 인터넷 혐오표현 확산의 원인을 진단하고 대응방안을 제시했다. 대학생들은 인터넷에서 여성, 노인, 성소수자, 지역 대상의 혐오표현을 경험했으며, 혐오표현을 확산시키는 주요 매체는 뉴스 댓글과 SNS, 온라인 게임이었다. 인터넷 혐오표현의 원인은 개인적 차원에서 인간 존엄성에 대한 인식 부족, 미디어 리터러시 능력의 부재 등으로, 사회적 차원에서 차별과 혐오에 대한 교육의 미흡, 혐오표현을 재생산하는 미디어 등으로 분석됐다. 이와 함께 법·제도적, 사회적, 교육적 차원에서 인터넷 혐오표현 문제를 개선하는 방안이 제시되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.566-574
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 생태유아교육의 연구동향을 알아보는데 있다. 분석대상은 2008년 3월부터 2015년 10월까지의 학위논문 총 97편을 대상으로 연도별 동향, 연구내용, 연구방법 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 생태유아교육 연구대상은 유아대상, 교사대상, 실내외 환경 대상, 부모대상 순으로 이루어졌으며 단일연령 중 만 5세를 대상으로 한 연구가 가장 많았으며, 만4세, 만3세, 만2세 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연구방법으로는 실험연구가 가장 많이 이루어졌으며 조사연구, 문헌연구, 문화 기술적 연구 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구내용으로는 생태유아교육의 관련변인 모색, 생태유아교육 프로그램이 가장 많았으며 학문적, 이론적 기초방향모색, 생태유아교육과정의 이해와 국가 수준의 교육과정, 보육과정의 연계, 생태교사교육 프로그램 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교육내용으로는 숲 체험학습이 가장 많았으며 텃밭 가꾸기, 산책활동, 생태미술, 영성활동, 동 식물 기르기, 환경교육 순으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.357-368
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• 2013

Tailored nutritional education is generally found to be more effective in changing behaviors and to be more fully implemented than a non-tailored equivalent. This study was conducted in order to develop tailored nutritional education materials on food additives in processed foods based on need and levels of knowledge of educational targets of elementary-school students in Seoul Metropolitan City. The focus group interview was conducted with six elementary-school nutrition teachers in order to gather information and to develop a tailored quantitative questionnaire for the survey. Based on the results from 138 nutrition teachers, all answered that education on food additives in processed foods for students is necessary and both teachers and students need to receive education regarding definition, safety, and use of food additives for each processed food, in the form of video, PPT, and teaching-learning plan. Nutritional education materials for two classes were developed using video clips (grocery shopping and cooking class) about food additives in processed foods, PPTs with activity papers, two teaching-learning plans, and school newsletters to parents. In conclusion, the current study warrants conduct of further studies short-term and long-term impacts and efficacy of tailored need-based nutrition education in promotion of healthy nutrition by conveying proper scientific knowledge regarding food additives in processed foods for elementary-school students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.993-996
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• 2013

To evaluate the relation between smoking, alcohol drinking and risk of breast cancer in Chinese women, we conducted a case-control study with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results revealed that smoking, whether active or passive through the husband, was related to increased risk of breast cancer. The ORs (adjusted for age, menopausal status, educational levels, occupation, body mass index and income) were 3.55 (95%CI: 1.27-9.91) for active smoking and 1.47 (95%CI: 1.18-1.84) for passive smoking from husbands, respectively. A significant positive relationship was observed between breast cancer risk and the degree of husbands' smoking. There were significant increase trend in ORs with the daily smoked number of cigarettes of husbands, the passive smoking years from husbands and the pack-years of husbands' smoking (trend test: p=0.00003, 0.00013 and 0.0001, respectively). Alcohol consumption was also found to be a risk factor. The findings of this study in particular suggest that husbands' smoking increases risk of breast cancer in Chinese women.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2004

컴퓨터와 정보통신 기술은 하루가 다르게 발달하고 있지만, 지식기반사회를 살아가는 데 필요한 시대정신은 갖추지 못하여 이로 인한 부정적인 현상은 점점 그 심각성을 더해가고 있다. 최근 교육기관과 사회공공 기관에서 역기능의 심각성을 인식하고 정보통신윤리교육을 실시하고 있지는 하지만, 지식기반사회에서 국가적으로 매우 중요한 인재인 정보과학영재들에 대한 체계적인 정보통신윤리교육은 미미한 상태이다. 교육은 대상자의 수준에 맞게 이루어져야 효과적이다. 따라서 정보과학영재들에게는 그들에게 맞는 정보통신윤리교육이 필요할 것이다. 이와 같은 문제점을 인식하여 본 논문에서는 초등 정보과학영재들의 인터넷 이용실태를 분석한 후 초등 정보과학영재들을 위한 정보통신윤리교육방안을 제시하였다.