• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.41-59
• /
• 1997

This study surveyed nurses' value of reward and recognition level of organizational reward, and measured the fit of both. It also looked into the relationship between the reward fit and attitude of nurses toward their job and organization (job involvement${\cdot}$organizational commitment). It was planned to suggest the alternative of a future reward system. The sample consisted of 625 nurses of 8 private University Hospitals. Data for this study was collected from Mar. 25 to Apr. 17 by structured questionnaire. This study examined the differences of nurses' value of reward by their demographic characteristics, and looked into the relationship between the reward fit and job involvement${\cdot}$organizational commitment. Four instruments and a demographic questionnair were used to collect the data. Developed for myself and repaired by panel of judges, the value of reward scale and organizational reward scale consisted of 34 items on five points Likert-type scale. Developed by Kanungo and repaired by panel of judges, the job involvement scale measured overall job involvement on 7 items. The organizational commitment scale was developed by Mowday et al and repaired by panel of judges on 10 items. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, ranking, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chronbach alpha coefficient, t-test, SNK test, factor analysis with SPSS/PC+ progra,.Major findings are as follows 1. The mean of nurses' value of reward is 4.2435 and job content rewards are seen as the most important(M=4.5532). The following orders are seen as follows; financial rewards(M=4.4181), human realtion rewards(M=4.4130), establishment ${\cdot}$ facilities rewards(M=4.1632), professional rewards(M=4.1117), social status or prestige rewards(M=3.9228), career rewards(M=3.8816). Of 34 indivisual reward factors, the retainment allowance is seen to be thought of as the most important thing. 2. The mean of nurses' actual reward is 2.6035. The actual reward responded to the most extremely offered is job content rewards. The following orders are seen as follows ; human relation rewards(M=2.9420), financial rewards(M=2.7682), professional rewards(M=2.4601), social status or prestige rewards(M=2.3696), career rewards(M=2.3466), establishment ${\cdot}$ facilities rewards(M=1.9364). Of 34 indivisual reward factors, medical insurance benefits are felt to be most extremely offered. 3. The mean of fit of reward is -1.6874 and that means actual reward doesn't egual the value of the reward. What is offered mostly to nurses' value of reward is human relation rewards. The following orders are seen as follows; job content rewards(M=-1.5938), career rewards(M=-1.6381), social status of prestige rewards(M=-1.6382), financial rewards(M=-1.6836), professional rewards(M=-1.6854), establishment${\cdot}$facilities rewards(M=-2.3130). Of 34 indivisual factors, the item of fered most closely to nurses' value of reward is seen as the participation in educational programs at the nursing department of the hospital. 4. The mean of nurses' job involvement is 3.1987 and SD is 0.5667. 5. The mean of murses' organizational commitment is 2.9348 and SD is 0.6124, that is seen as a little lower than job involvement. 6. Significant value of reward differences were found among nurses by their demographic characteristics such as married status, tenure, academic career. 7. The fit of reward was significant related to job involvement and organizational commitment. When generalizing the result of this study, the value of reward, which nurses consider important and appropriate offers a reward that corresponds to the nurses' value of reward. This increases nurses' job and organization devotion further, as well as hospital effectiveness. It appears that nurses have recognized that the present reward offered in hospitals doesn't come up to their expectations so I think it is urgent to plan and perform the new reward system which is in accord with the nurses' reward fit.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.83-94
• /
• 2014

연구 목적 : 우리나라는 인도주의적 차원에서 국제구조대와 한국재난대응팀을 파견하고 있으며 이는 공적개발원조의 하나인 해외긴급구호활동에 해당하는 것으로 주로 소방대원과 의료인들이 활동하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 글로벌 재난 역량 개발 프로그램이 응급구조과와 간호학과 학생들에게 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보고 이를 통해서 추후 학부교육에 대한 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 본 프로그램은 ICN에서 제시한 "재난간호역량체계"를 기본 틀로 4개 영역 10개 도메인으로 역량을 구분하여 프로그램을 설계하였다. 프로그램은 2013년 8월 12일부터 23일까지 2주간 사례학습, 토론, 전문가 특강, 태국 카렌지역 현지방문 등 다양한 방식으로 운영되었으며 참석학생은 총 18명이었다. 프로그램에 대한 만족도는 5점 척도로 측정하였고, 국제재난역량 지식수준은 10점 척도로 측정하여 프로그램 전후 지식수준을 비교분석하였다. 그 외 심층 인터뷰를 진행하여 재난에 대한 학생들의 태도 변화를 보았다. 연구 결과 : 프로그램 만족도는 $4.50{\pm}0.51$로 매우 높았으며 국제재난관련 지식의 변화는 전체 항목 평균 $2.18{\pm}0.68$에서 $6.30{\pm}0.84$로 상승하였다(p <.001). 그 외 프로그램의 신청 동기는 다중응답으로 다양한 경험을 쌓기 원해서(14명), 해외봉사에 대한 관심(11명), 국제기구에 대한 관심(7명) 등으로 조사되었다. 결 론 : 첫째, 응급구조과와 간호학과 학부 교육과정에서 국제재난에 대한 이해를 증진할 수 있는 교과목이 개설되거나 기존의 유사한 과목에서 글로벌 환경에 대한 조기 이해가 선행되도록 하여 국제사회에 진출하고자 하는 학생들에게 다양한 진로를 제시해 주어야 한다. 둘째, 국제재난관리에 대한 교육은 학습효과를 증진하기 위해서 시물레이션 학습 또는 재난현장을 방문한 현장학습 등 다양한 방법의 적용이 고려되어야 국제사회 및 문화에 대한 이해도모와 태도변화 그리고 어학 학습의 중요성을 자각하게 할 수 있다. 셋째, 학부 단계에서 국제재난교육을 통해서 이해를 도모하고 진로와 관련한 다양한 정보습득 및 참여기회가 증진되도록 하여 졸업 후 실무에 적용이 가능하도록 교육하는 것이 필요하다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권12spc호
• /
• pp.664-674
• /
• 2021

The relevance of this scientific research is determined by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current trends and dynamics of world tourism development. This article aims to identify patterns of development of the modern tourist market, analysis of problems and prospects of development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. General scientific methods and methods of research are used in the work: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analysis of statistical data. The analysis of the viewpoints of foreign and domestic authors on the research of the international tourist market allowed us to substantiate the actual directions of tourism development due to the influence of negative factors connected with the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Economic-statistical, abstract-logical, and economic-mathematical methods of research were used during the process of study and data processing. Results. The analysis of the current state of the tourist market by world regions was carried out. It was found that tourism is one of the most affected sectors from COVID-19, as, by the end of 2020, the total number of tourist arrivals in the world decreased by 74% compared to the same period in 2019. The consequence of this decline was a loss of total global tourism revenues by the end of 2020, which equaled $1.3 trillion. 27% of all destinations are completely closed to international tourism. At the end of 2020, the economy of international tourism has shrunk by about 80%. In 2020 the world traveled 98 million fewer people (-83%) relative to the same period last year. Tourism was hit hardest by the pandemic in the Asia-Pacific region, where travel restrictions are as strict as possible. International arrivals in this region fell by 84% (300 million). The Middle East and Africa recorded declines of 75 and 70 percent. Despite a small and short-lived recovery in the summer of 2020, Europe lost 71% of the tourist flow, with the European continent recording the largest drop in absolute terms compared with 2019, 500 million. In North and South America, foreign arrivals declined. It is revealed that a significant decrease in tourist flows leads to a massive loss of jobs, a sharp decline in foreign exchange earnings and taxes, which limits the ability of states to support the tourism industry. Three possible scenarios of exit of the tourist industry from the crisis, reflecting the most probable changes of monthly tourist flows, are considered. The characteristics of respondents from Ukraine, Germany, and the USA and their attitude to travel depending on gender, age, education level, professional status, and monthly income are presented. About 57% of respondents from Ukraine, Poland, and the United States were planning a tourist trip in 2021. Note that people with higher or secondary education were more willing to plan such a trip. The results of the empirical study confirm that interest in domestic tourism has increased significantly in 2021. The regression model of dependence of the number of domestic tourist trips on the example of Ukraine with time tendency (t) and seasonal variations (Turˆt = 7288,498 - 20,58t - 410,88∑5) it forecast for 2020, which allows stabilizing the process of tourist trips after the pandemic to use this model to forecast for any country. Discussion. We should emphasize the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many experts and scientists believe in the long-term recovery of the tourism industry. In our opinion, the governments of the countries need to refocus on domestic tourism and deal with infrastructure development, search for new niches, formats, formation of new package deals in new - domestic - segment (new products' development (tourist routes, exhibitions, sightseeing programs, special rehabilitation programs after COVID) -19 in sanatoriums, etc.); creation of individual offers for different target audiences). Conclusions. Thus, the identified trends are associated with a decrease in the number of tourist flows, the negative impact of the pandemic on employment and income from tourism activities. International tourism needs two to four years before it returns to the level of 2019.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 교육과정에서 신설되어 2018학년도에 처음 적용된 고등학교 통합과학의 운영 실태를 진단하고 과학 교사들의 인식을 파악하며, 이로부터 현장 안착을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 통합과학 교원 연수에 참여한 과학 교사를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 고등학교 과학 교사 384명의 응답 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 단위학교에서 통합과학은 6단위로 편성하고 2명 이상의 교사가 성취기준을 나누어 담당하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 과학 교사들은 통합과학 적용으로 인한 가장 큰 변화로 학생 활동 증가를 꼽았으며, 수행평가 비중 증가, 평가 방법 다양화, 교사 간 협의 증가, 자연 현상의 통합적 이해 제고 등에 대해 대체로 긍정적 변화 인식을 보였다. 특히 화학을 전공한 교사들은 자연 현상의 통합적 이해 제고에, 교직 경력 15년 이상의 교사들은 학생 활동 증가, 평가 방법 다양화, 교사 간 협의 증가에 대해 더욱 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 통합과학을 지도하는 데 있어서는 비전공 내용에 대한 교수를 가장 어려워하며, 가르쳐야 하는 내용의 적정 수준을 결정하는 것 역시 어렵게 느끼고 있었다. 그러나 공통과학을 전공한 교사들은 비전공 내용을 가르치는 것에는 어려움을 거의 호소하지 않았으며, 15년 이상 경력 교사들은 상대적으로 활동 위주의 수업과 과정 중심 평가에 어려움을 겪는 등 집단 간 차이도 확인되었다. 통합과학을 2명의 교사가 나누어 담당하는 경우에 연수 내용으로는 교과내용학, 연수 방법으로는 이론과 실천을 접목한 혼합 연수와 맞춤형 연수에 대한 요구가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, 1명의 교사가 전담하는 경우에는 대체로 가장 낮은 요구를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 통합과학이 성공적으로 실행되기 위해서는 양질의 교수학습 및 평가 자료를 개발하여 배포해야 하고 통합과학 지도를 위한 교사 연구 모임 등을 활성화하며, 중 장기적으로는 단위학교 상황에 맞게 적용할 수 있는 통합과학 편성 운영 모델을 개발하고 통합과학에 대한 전문성을 갖춘 과학 교사 양성 시스템이 요청됨을 논의하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.740-753
• /
• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 교육 소외계층 저학년을 위한 사회정서학습기반의 학교밖 STEAM 프로그램 모형을 개발하고 적용하는 것이다. 이를 위해 사회정서학습(Social Emotional Learning, SEL) 기반 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하였고, 그 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 프로그램에는 전통적인 STEAM 학습요소와 SEL 요소를 통합하여, 마음 챙김 명상-상황제시-창의적 설계-감성적 체험-성찰과 같은 일관된 구성 체계로 설계하였다. 둘째, 초등학생들이 일상생활 속 문제상황에서 수학적 사고와 과학적 탐구능력을 기를 수 있도록 구성하였다. 셋째, 각 STEAM 프로그램별 세부 주제를 스토리텔링 문제 상황과 놀이 및 교감 중심 활동으로 구성하여 교육 소외계층 아동들의 학습 요구를 반영하였다. 이러한 특징을 바탕으로 총 33차시의 5개의 프로그램을 개발하여 전국 16개 지역아동센터의 16명의 교사와 354명의 초등 저학년 학생에게 시범 적용하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, STEAM 프로그램에 대한 전체 학생의 만족도는 4.16이었으며, 학생 성별에 따른 STEAM 만족도의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 둘째 전체 학생의 STEAM 태도의 하위 영역 중 흥미와 자아효능감은 유의하게 향상되었으나, 학생 성별에 따른 STEAM 태도의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 셋째, 전체 학생의 전체 사회정서학습 역량의 향상이 유의하지는 않았지만, 관계 기술은 유의하게 향상되었으며, 학생 성별에 따른 사회정서학습 역량의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교육 소외계층을 위한 학교 밖 STEAM 프로그램의 효과에 관한 논의와 함께 후속 연구에 대한 방향을 제언하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.35-57
• /
• 2022

이 연구는 게이미피케이션을 적용한 '환경친화적 의류 라이프 사이클' 수업을 개발하고 이를 적용하여 이 수업이 학습자에게 미치는 영향과 만족도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 개발된 수업은 경기도 소재 A 고등학교 2학년 학생 40명에게 2022년 2월 3일 ~ 2022년 2월 10일까지 총 4차시 적용되었으며 생산 - 유통 - 소비 - 폐기의 단계로 게더타운 플랫폼에서 게이미피케이션 요소가 반영된 내용을 학습한 후 미션을 해결하는 형태로 진행되며 미션을 수행하지 못할 경우 계속해서 반복학습을 하도록 설계하였다. 학습자들은 수업 전 사전 설문과 수업 후 사후 설문을 하였고 3명으로 이루어진 한 개의 그룹을 무선표집하여 심층면접을 실시하였다. '환경친화적 의류 라이프 사이클' 주제로 게이미피케이션을 적용한 수업은 학습자들의 몰입도와 자기주도적 학습 태도에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 비몰입도가 높은 학습자의 경우 수업의 몰입도가 높아졌고, 몰입도, 자기주도적 태도가 높을수록 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 학습자들은 게이미피케이션을 적용한 수업에 대해 '우려'와 '기대'를 나타내었으며 개발된 수업이 '새로운 교수법'을 사용한 수업이기는 하지만 '적절한 사용'이 필요하다고 하였다. 그리고 이 수업은 '학생 중심 수업'과 '자기주도적 학습'이 가능하다고 평가했다. 수업을 실행한 교사는 이 수업이 기존 수업에 비해 학생들의 기대와 흥미를 끄는 데 더 효율적이었고, 메타버스 환경의 수업이 비대면 시대의 새로운 수업으로 인식된다고 하였다. 다만, 실제 현장에 적용했을 때 학습자들이 원활하게 수업을 진행할 수 있도록 구체적인 설계를 해야 하고 수업에서 교사의 역할이 더욱 중요하다고 하였다. 그리고 게임의 요소가 주는 기대감이 수업의 본질을 흐리지 않도록 제대로 설계해야 함을 제안하였다.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2023

대학생의 창업 활동은 현대 경제와 사회 발전에 큰 기여를 하고 있으며, 변화하는 경제 환경과 청년 실업 문제 해결에도 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 이들이 창업을 통해 혁신적인 아이디어와 기술을 시장에 선보이면, 지속 가능한 경제 성장과 사회적 가치를 창출할 수 있다. 또한, 대학생들의 창업 의지는 다양한 요인에 의해 형성되기 때문에, 이러한 요인들을 깊이 이해하고 적절히 지원하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 롤모델의 중요성과 그 영향력을 다중직렬 매개효과 분석을 통해 체계적으로 탐구하였다. 300명의 대학생을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해, 성장마인드셋과 창업자기효능감이라는 두 심리적 변수가 롤모델의 영향과 창업의지 사이에서 어떠한 매개 역할을 하는지 분석하였다. 롤모델의 존재와 그들의 성공 경험은 대학생들의 성장마인드셋을 강화시키는데 도움을 주며, 이는 창업자기효능감을 높이고, 결국 창업에 대한 의지를 강화한다는 결과를 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 롤모델과의 접촉은 대학생들의 성장마인드셋 형성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이러한 마인드셋은 창업과 관련된 도전과 실패를 학습의 기회로 받아들이는 긍정적인 사고를 촉진한다. 그리고 이런 마인드셋은 창업자기효능감을 강화시키며, 그 결과 창업에 대한 의지를 더욱 강화시킨다. 본 연구는 마인드셋 이론, 사회학습이론 등 다양한 이론들을 통합하여 창업의지 형성의 복잡한 과정에 대한 이해를 제공한다. 롤모델의 활용은 학생들의 창업의지를 크게 향상시킬 수 있으며, 교육 프로그램은 롤모델을 통해 창업 경험과 지식을 공유하게 함으로써 학생들의 성장마인드셋과 창업자기효능감을 강화할 수 있다. 본 연구가 대학 창업교육의 설계와 실행에 있어 중요한 지침을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 과학교육연구지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.238-250
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 물의 취득과 정수와 관련된 적정기술 프로그램이 초등학생의 과학적 태도와 창의적 문제 해결력에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 총 8차시의 적정기술과 관련된 학습 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램은 물의 취득과 관련된 과학적 원리 및 와카타워 적정기술에 대한 탐구를 수행하는 차시와 물의 정수와 관련된 라이프 스트로우 및 드링커블북 탐구 실험이 포함된 차시, 창의적인 아이디어와 설계를 통한 실천적 과제를 제시한 차시, 캠페인 활동을 수행하는 차시로 구성하였다. 연구 대상은 초등학교 6학년 2개 학급 학생 51명으로 하였으며, 환경과 상황에 맞도록 수정한 과학적 태도 검사지와 창의적 문제 해결력 검사지를 사전, 사후에 투입하여 대응표본 t-검정을 수행하였다. 또한 사후 검사지를 대상으로 과학적 태도와 창의적 문제 해결력 사이의 상관관계를 알아보면서 프로그램 적용 후 학생들이 견지하게 된 하위영역 간의 관계를 알아보았다. 연구결과 과학적 태도 중 호기심, 개방성, 협동성, 창의성은 사전 검사 전체 평균과 사후 검사 전체 평균을 비교하여 보았을 때, 평균값의 상승과 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 창의적 문제 해결력의 경우에는 특정영역 숙달 여부 영역 및 확산적 사고의 영역은 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 나타내었다. 아울러 상관관계 분석 결과, 과학적 태도의 협동성은 창의적 문제 해결력 모든 영역과 유의미한 상관관계를 가지고 있었으며 비판적 논리적 사고 하위영역과 가장 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 창의적 문제 해결력의 4개 영역은 과학적 태도의 하위영역과 다수의 유의미한 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 앞으로 적정기술과 관련된 주제의 적용과 방향 그리고 학생들의 다양한 반응에 대하여 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제1호
• /
• pp.371-408
• /
• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 1991

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data order to grasp health knowledge, attitude, practice level of middle and high school students and to analyse th problem and to point out the method of improvement in the field of school health education. The survery was carried out through this reporter's interview for 2,400 students who attend to ten schools in Young Nam area during the period of a month from 25 the June to 25th July 1989. The result of this study can be summaried as follows. 1. The total number of answers on the question was 2,346. As for general characteristics the percent of female middle school students was 60.6% and the percent of male students was 77.7%, 45.9% of high school students was evening school students. 52.9% of middle school students and 42.3% of high school students were borne in rural area. 2. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Epidemic Hepatitis infection was 46.3% of middle school students and 29.6% of high school students. 3. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Epidemic Hemorrhage fever infection was 85.6% of middle school students and 66.9% of high school students. 4. The percentage of right knowledge for AIDS infection was 66.0% of middle school students and 90.4% of high school students. 5. The percentage of right knowledge for Typhoid infection was 47.8% of middle school students and 69.4% of high school students. 6. The percentage of unknown and misunderstanding for Tuberculosis infection was 71.6% of middle school students and 62.2% of high school students. 7. As for personal hygiene, the percentage of toothbrushing after every meal was high level : 44.2% of middle school students and 42.0% of high school students. 8. 60.9% of middle school students take a bath twice a week, 49.2% oh high school students take a bath a week. Times of bath of middle school students was higher than that of high school students. 9.The percentage of washing hand after using toilet was 42.1% of middle school students and 35.1% of high school students. 49.0% of middle school students and 55.1% of high school students wash hand sometimes after using toilet. 10. The percentage of change of underwear twice a week was 57.6% of middle school students and 49.8% of high school students. 11. The percentage of habit of unbalanced diet was 30.% of middle school students and 27.6% of high school students. 50.8% of middle school students and 51.7% of high school students have balanced diet. 12. Index of health practice of personal hygiene can be summarized as follows. A. A case of middle school students. 1) The percentage of health practice index in male and female was 49.6% and 48.1% respectively. Index of female students was higher than that of male students. 2) As for parent's occupation, public servants and company emplyee was upper level. Farming was low level. 3) As for income level, middle, level with 56.5% was highest in high income level and low level with 27.4% was highest in low income level. B. A case of high school students. 1) Middle level of health practice index was 46.0% of male students, upper and low level was 32.4% and 28.0% of female students respectively. 2) Middle level of health practice index was high in farming and company employee and upper level was high in commerce and service, low level with 60.0% was high in unemployed. 3) Upper practice index 35.7% appears in the rich and low practice index 38.3% appears in the poor. 13. Average points of Health practice about personal hygiene were as follows. (Full marks at 4). A. A case of middle school. Female (1.87 point) was higher than male (1.26 point). Night time (2.03 point) was higher than day time (1.66 point) and middle or small cities (2.17 point) are high than any other places. As for parent's occupation, students whose parents are company clerk get high marks (2.32) and ten students whose parent's job are service get next high marks (2.20). B. A case of high school. Female (1.53 point) was higher than male (1.22 point), as parents educational level were higher the point were higher, and as income level was higher, the points of health practice (1.78) were higher, and as for parents occupation, service get highest point (1.93) and commerce get next high point (1.86) public servant get low point (1.66). 14. The percentage of experience in smoking was 11.9% of middle school students and 60.9% of high school students. 15. The percentage of experience in inhalation of bond and administrating LSD was 4.3% of male middle school students, 8.4% of female middle school students, 6.9% of male high school students and 4.2% of female high school students. The knowledge level of communicable disease infection are very low in middle and high school students and practice level of personal hygiene are also very low. As a whole we can evaluate that middle and high school students are low level of health knowledge and practice. In conclusion, we must consider preparation for school health education program through establishing of health subjects in the carriculum, and securing of health education teachers and using materials and media program of health education. It is very important to establish macroscopic policy and strategy for public health education and to get people have right knowledge and practice for health.