• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-95
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• 2009

The ever-increasing government budget constraints have led to a continued decline in the increase rate for defense spending, and the government's 5-year National Fiscal Management Plan has served to reinforce the verification and validation procedures for the Force Improvement Programs (FIP) budget requirements and performance. Additionally, as large programs are controlled in accordance with the Total Program Cost Management Guidelines, timely and credible feasibility study and performance measurement need to be conducted. Due to these internal and external circumstances, needs have surged for feasibility and economic effectiveness study for big ticket projects in the FIP sector, with an increasing number of studies conducted by external research institutes. However, questions have been raised regarding the credibility and thoroughness of the program analyses performed by these research institutes due to various restrictions. This paper analyzes and identifies the structural limitations and problems using a systems thinking approach, and examines the systemic characteristics of the program analysis system. It also presents policy intervention recommendations based on the theory of systems thinking, a method to regularize and reinforce the program analysis system. Policy interventions recommended to ensure alignment of the external studies to the clear analysis objectives and resolve the bottlenecks in the external analysis include training those in charge of external study commissioning for a short term intervention, and increasing the number of research institutes and consulting agencies utilizing analysis and evaluation experts who transition to the private sector from the military for a long term intervention. additionally presented are strategies and policy alternatives to best utilize these policy interventions. They will contribute to the stable funding of Force Improvement Programs and efficient utilization of defense budget.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.139-162
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• 2019

In the case of Korea, policy support for shipping companies is limited, and the financial support should address the scale and period of support. Comprehensive measures are needed to boost the chances of reviving the industry. In order to secure competitiveness, the shipping companies need to make continuous efforts, prepare for the future by strengthening environmental regulations, and ensure that they have the ability to be flexible in their responses. The shipbuilding industry witnessed some improvement last year amid severe recession, but reforms are needed to address external and internal structural problems; further, to gain the characteristics of future leading industries, it is necessary to secure core technologies, as well as differentiated and specialized industrial competitiveness among rival countries through joint government intervention and joint R&D investment. Taking these steps will ensure that it has environment-friendly vessels and economic shipbuilding capabilities. The competitiveness of Busan Port should enable the utilization of the geopolitical characteristics of East Asia and contribute to: regional economic revitalization; development of its status as hub port; and securing the position of developed countries in East Asian logistics. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish a strategy to: expand the usability of shipowners/carriers; improve the quality of port operations; improve the portability of the smart system; expand the port of mega-ocean carriers; speed up port operations; and create low-cost ports. The establishment of a network of four countries will also require long-term global linkages. For example, there is a need to establish a logistics network between Eurasia and the European region, which will use the Russian Land Bridge System, as well as that of China.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.98-106
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• 2015

VE aims at reduction in a budget, improvement of function, structural safety and quality security for public construction projects. However, there is possibility for the structural safety and quality security review to be insufficient because related regulations are mostly composed of analysis on economic efficiency of design. In addition, due to the misconception about VE as a cost saving methodology, an alternative is being presented which still focuses mainly on cost saving, but with no objective evaluation of function related to cost. In order to improve this, the government adopted the reduction of life cycle cost and proposal of value improvement, and let people specify the cost and function of the original plan versus the alternative plan, and the value changes between them. However, it is written mainly into practical convenience rather than theoretical basis since a specific way is not suggested. The current method sets a different starting point by applying the attributional difference of function and cost. Furthermore, an evaluation standard for correlating is an important element in rational decision making for assessing and choosing an alternative. This paper analyzes the process and method of function & cost scoring when performing VE and suggests a mathematical normalization model in order to support rational decision making when selecting an optimum plan.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 1990

This is a study which attempt to analyze changing patierns of economic active popu-lation, t o estimato- future patterns, and exa- mine vartons problems arises by changing c ire u mst ances of t he labor force market in- clunging soici al, economic ic, heathl th and demoi-graph ic aspects. We have constructed series of wotking life table which are useful in syt uiolyioig the lirocess of growth and structural change of labor force. Work i ng life tables represent ihie life eyele of econrmic' activity in hi ypothetical cohorts, that is. gen-erat i on of men Sn bject at eat' b period ot f their lives th given ra to's o mor tali it y and of par-- tici pation in economic activities. The tabloes prot' ide measorues of the alvet'age he ng t able of economically aeti \- e life. and agespecific rates of en trannee' into and retirement from the hahn' force. In const routing working life tables, age-specific activity rates and life tabole popula- titoto which represents contemporary condi-tions of moortality in Korea au'e the basic' maltoerials. We have derived the age-specific rates foorm economically active population survey, whoich were conducted by the Bureau of Statistics, Economic Planning Borard of the Korean government. Working life tables are constructed for men wtable these materi- als in the year of 1970, 1980 and 1988 by a modified Wolfbein-Wool's method. Some of the findings may be summerized as follow : 1) A central part of constructing working life table is calculation of stationary' economic active population, which represents the number of men in the stationtary population extoected to be in the labor force at each age group in the life span. The stationary economic active population by age have generally a universal pattern, where they rise sharply in the early twenties, approach its' peak in the thirties decline thereafter. at first graolually and then more rapidly at an advanced age. Korean men show the same general pa ttern of age distribution of stationary eco-- nomic active population with sharp increase hegining from the age interval of 20 to 24, reaching to maximum level at older age. The population. however, presumably, increased substantially due to increaseing school atte endance rates. Another difference exiSts in the youngest age groups, that is the activity rate in the year of 1988 is lower than that of Japan. The table shows an analysis of changes in the age distrihution of labor force between 1970, 1980 and 1988. 2) It was shown an analysis of changes in the age distribution and cause of separation from labor force. The entrance rate to labor force has increased from 18~\5 persons to 299 persons per 1000 head of stationary population between that of 1980 than that of 1988 for Korean men in 20~24 age group. The entrace rate to labor force shows a rapid entrance appearance concentrated on the 15~24 age group. The separation rate from labor force by retirment in Korea in the year of 1988 shows a great difference of the about four times as much as that of Japan. 3) The functions of table illustrate the patterns of working life of males in Korea in 1970, 1980 and 1988. The average remaining number of economically active years, e at age 15 in 1988 is 46.39 which is 2.12 years of increase compared with that of at age 15 in 1970,1980 and 1988 are 43.90,44.27 and 46.39 respectively, showing steadily increase dur- ing the past double decade the increase in the length of economically active life various age may be considered to have come both from extention of general life expectancy and from increasing entrance rate to economic activity in high age that of working is far greater in 1988 than that of 1980. The gaps between expectation of life and average remaining years of economically active widened due to rapid improvement of mortality level in Ko- rea. This observation together with the population pressure by the appearance of a group of younger population implies that constant increase of economically inactive population among older age group.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-204
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• 2017

The existing innovation policies and strategies mainly focused on the influencing factors for improvement of innovation outcome. However, these strategies were not always successful in driving innovative activities that make technology innovation disseminated. In this regard, innovation ecosystems approach has recently been coming to the force to establish a successful innovation strategy. The innovation ecosystems concept describes that innovation processes are evolved through collaborative networks of economic actors. In an innovation ecosystem, different organizations collaborate for technology development and its use. They interact for value co-creation by sharing mutual resources. The organizational networks are re-organized by dynamic changes of actors' interactions, which drive innovation mechanism of the networks. Recent studies on innovation ecosystems mostly have paid attention on developing theoretical frameworks to describe dynamics of an innovation ecosystem. There have hardly been empirical tests on the theoretical ecosystem models. In this vein, we investigated dynamics of an innovation ecosystem by analyzing structural characteristics of a collaborative network among organizations which are involved in the use of innovative technologies. Particularly, we examined the longitudinal changes of the interaction patterns among the organizations. This test was performed by an analysis of structural equivalence on the network dataset transformed from the organizational interactions. This result provides a guideline for an organization in developing an innovation strategy under a systemic perspective.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The development of new technology and process in industrial Plant which builds integrated structures, facilities and systems. Has become a key element for strengthening its competitiveness. Although domestic industrial Plant has demonstrated excellence in technology with a persistent increase in order quantity and orders received, the technology gap between countries has narrowed due to global construction trend. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technology that could help overcome constraints and limitations of the current one to follow the trend in the age of unlimited competition. This study has focused on assembly technology of Pipe-rack joint connection in an effort to strengthen technological competitiveness in industrial Plant. Through an analysis of earlier studies on Pipe-rack and a coMParative analysis of strengths and weaknesses of current assembly technology of it, a new design plan has been made to improve it efficiently. In doing this, standards for design factors of both structural and performance features have been drawn, and value of stress, strain, moment and rotation has been calculated using finite element analysis. As a result, installation technology of modular type Pipe-rack, which has not been developed in Korea and is differentiated from the current one, has been developed. It is considered that the technology reduces work time and saves cost due to simplified joint connection of steel structure, unlike the current one. Moreover, since it is installed without a welding process in the field, industrial accidents would be reduced, which is likely to have economic competitiveness and satisfy.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.559-575
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to systematically explain and discuss the return migration of Koreans in Central Asia to the Russian Far East. The Koreans' return migration is explained by the combination of push and pull factors inherent in the host and home countries. The structural or institutional push factors in Central Asia include the linguistic policy of a country, civil war, ethnic conflicts, while the micro ones are the Koreans' high concern of their children's education and the improvement of a socio-economic status. The macro pull factors operated in the Russian Far East are the permission to use the housing facilities and land previously controlled by military authorities and the laws of recovering the koreans' basic right and honor, while the micro ones are the networks of relatives and friends living in Central Asia and the Russian Far East. The two aspects related to the Koreans' return migration are also discussed. Firstly, the return migration of Koreans in Central Asia is interpreted as a migration of ethnic affinity. Secondly, the establishment of an autonomous district of Koreans in the Russian Far East is discussed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2007

Most of eyeglasses manufacturers in Korea consist of relatively small-sized enterprises with less than 10 employees. In terms of scale, it performs considerably poor compared to other competing nations like Italy and the People's Republic of China. As a result, domestic eyeglasses industry is facing a difficult position between high-priced products of developed countries and low-priced goods of China, South East Asia, and etc. Considering these factors, the urgent solution for revitalization of domestic eyeglasses industry could be seen as major structural changes in eyeglasses producers. In addition, it is also noted that procurement of competitiveness is an essential scheme to reinvigorate the Korean eyeglasses industry. This objective can be achieved via improvement of ability to develop new designs, exploitation of new material and technology, intensification of own innovative brand and public relations, development of new products such as functional glasses, reduction of sample producing period, provision of administrative support, and designation of special economic zone.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1991

The broiler industry in Korea has been gradually changing its structure of independent operation into integrated and coordinated production and marketing system. It was in 1960s when the broiler industry first tried the integrated effort, but never succeeded as it was expected since due mainly to growers' attitudes favorable for traditional operation and agribusiness' passive response on structure change. Until mid 1980s, however, a bit of partially integrated system had been evolved by several factor suppliers. Recent years have furthered its progress toward completely integrated pattern, the ultimate goal of broiler integration. It is true that the external factors including the GATT Negotiations through the Uruguay Round stimulated the people involved in the industry to find the way of making it competitive to survive in the open, liberalized world economic system rapidly emerging through the process of globalization. Once the industry realized the necessity of reducing the cost of production and improving the quality of it, the conclusion tended to come to the point of an entire structural alteration by means of integration rather than an improvement of a certain segment such as marketing. It is very obvious. therefore. that the movement toward the complete integration will speed up in a coming few years under the leadership of not only entrepreneurs but also producers group. According to a report. there were three almost complete integrators and thirteen partial integrators as of December, 1990, all of which eagerly directed toward the completely integrated system in due course . Among others as an advantage of integrated structure. the cost saving must be pointed out as the greatest one In a survey, it was estimated that the cost of dressed and ready-to-eat chicken could be lowered by 31.8 percent and 41.5 percent, respectively, over that to be under the independent, non-integrated system. As long as everybody concerned about the future of the industry in the open market mechanism realizes the importance of the structure change through an integration, the broiler sector of Korean agriculture shall be moving toward the direction of vertically and completely integrated structure in order to make it competitive, even to export, hopefully before 1995 or by the end of this century in any case.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6 s.134
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

This research investigated the increase in strength capacity for the difference of various connection conditions. Connections were constructed with a main member, glulam and side members, 3 mm steel plates. Connections were varied in the number of inserted 1 mm steel plate. The strength capacity considerably increased by inserting the very thin steel plate within structural glulam connection. Glulam connections were classified as the number of inserted steel plate, group A was none, group B was one, group C was two, and group D was three. Ultimate and design values of the group B were 18% and 13% greater than the group A, the group C were 27% and 20% than the group A, and the group D were 33% and 24% than the group A. However, the increase in strength capacity and the additional difficulty should be considered on economic and technical view.