• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-98
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• 1998

In general, spatial imbalance in regional growth is a major cause of social and political conflicts within a state. In Korea, this inequality has functioned as a threat to the state's integration. With the economic development policies by regional industrialization over the past three decades, most of the industrial activities have been concentrated in Seoul and Pusan metropolitan areas, which are surrounded by Kyonggi, Kyongnam provinces respectively. Compared to these areas, Chonnam and Chonbuk provinces have lagged behind in economic development. Therefore, in order to increase the regional economic development of the southwestern region in Korea, the central government has been enforcing several policies aimed at regional industrialization since the 1980s. The purpose of this study focuses on the regional economic impacts of a newly established industrial estate-Yulchon industrial complex- which would act as a regional growth center in the Kwangyang bay area. The Kwangyang bay area consists of several industrial estates such as Kwangyang Iron and Steel Co. and its related industrial complex, Chuam rural industrial estate, Yeochon industrial complex, and so on. In addition, the Kwangyang container port was constructed in 1997. The Kwangyang bay area has been changing to a new industrial district in the southwestern part of Korea as a result of industrialization policies which were activated by central government. The Yulchon industrial complex, which is expected to be completed in 2001, would draw many manufacturing plants. For example, Hyundai Motors Co. has a plan to locate a new automobile assembly plant within the estate. As the plan has high probability to be realized, it will be interesting to study the effects a new automobile assembly plant and its related production linkages have on the region. This study is to estimate the expected structural characteristics of automobile production activities in Yulchon. The following details will be discussed: the regional economic impacts of a new automobile industry in Yulchon industrial complex, the production linkage formation via hierarchical subcontracting systems, the alternative strategies to promote the growth of regional economies, and the scheme to improve the auto-parts and components industry in Kwangju and Chonnam provinces by establishing auto-mobile production function. Automoblie industry generally gives great influences on not only regional economies but the related industries, for example, the firms producing automotive components. If a new plant producing automobiles and its related firms producing components are to be established in Yulchon, they will affect on the regional development directions and change the regional characteristics of industrial structure. In order to increase the spread effects of the new industry in Yulchon industrial complex, almost all of the automobile production processes must be organized concurrently within a limited range of distance. There is an imperative that the co-operation system should be structured between the assembly firm and many firms producing its components. In addition to those, it would be required such as the effective division of labors between the firms, much more capabilities in the technical innovations, and the reconstruction of interrelationship between the labor unions and the firms' managers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.39-44
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• 2015

The VHTR (Very High Temperature gas-cooled nuclear Reactor) has been considered as a major heat source and the most safe generation IV type reactor for mass hydrogen production to prepare for the hydrogen economy era. The VHTR satisfies goals for the GIF (Generation IV International Forum) policy such as sustainablility, economics, reliability and proliferation resistance and physical protection, and safety. As a part of a VHTR economic analysis, we have studied the VHTR construction cost and operation and maintenance cost. However, it is somewhat difficult to expect the ripple effect on the whole industry due to the lack of information about Inter-industries relationship. In many case, the ripple effect are based on experts' knowledge or uncertain qualitative assumptions. As a result, we propose quantitative analysis techniques for ripple effects such as the production inducement effect, added value inducement effect, and employment inducement effect for VHTR 600MWt${\times}$4 modules construction and operation ripple effect based on NOAK (Nth Of A Kind). Because inducement effect values have been published annually, we predict inducement effect's relation function and estimated values including production inducement effect value, added value inducement effect value, and employment inducement effect value using time series and estimated values are verified with published inducement effects' value. This paper presents a new method for the ripple effect and preliminary ripple effect consequence using a time series analysis and inter-industry table. This ripple effect analysis techniques can be applied to effect expectation analysis as well as other type reactor's ripple effect analysis including VHTR for process heat.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.786-800
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• 2014

The aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the change of the diversity of the industrial structure, and regional employmentability and the intensification of regional competitiveness, and consequently, is to present policy implications. As a result of the analysis of the whole industry such as the primary, secondary and tertiary industry in Chungnam Province, the existing strategic implementation on the employmentability and regional competitiveness throughout the policy on the existing specialized industries can be regarded as appropriate. However, under the condition that danger and stability in each industry are fluctuated and the internal and external circumstances are varied, the detailed analysis and rapid policy prescription on the primary and tertiary industry are required. Along with these results, policy implications are as follows; Firstly, in terms of effectiveness, regional policy are simultaneously conducted along with industrial, technological and regional development's policies while consider ing complex and comprehensive characteristics of the regional industry and rapid changing the global market conditions. Secondly, with respect to equity, regional policy is needed to implement by reducing the socio-economic gap across regions and mixing regional and sectoral policies along with regional and local uniqueness.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.454-476
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to examine relation between trust building level and linkages's spatial characteristics on the logistics & storage industry of Busan. As a result, First, long-term & repeated interaction, information sharing & reciprocity, and interdependence & asset specificity have an important effect upon the micro trust which implies the highest trust. Proximity and uncertainty impact on the meso trust, the trust of middle level. Culture, norm, and formal institution of firms affect the macro trust, the lowest level of trust. Second, the micro, the meso, and the macro trusts mainly form in the local scale where spatial proximity is great. The higher the trust building levels become, the more spatial dimensions by linkage expand to national and international dimension, respectively. Third, these results appear more clearly in the output linkage than input linkage, in the service areas-many firm, in the horizontal linkage than vertical linkage, in the advanced evolution phases of firm connection, and in the supply chain management than outsourcing.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

The Korean dairy industry has been developed continuously for the past seventy years both in quality and quantity; now the total amount of dairy products accounts for 13 percent of that of livestock production - a remarkable turnover. Korea now stands at the 13th economic power around the world and it is inevitable that we must pursue an open-door policy at a global level; the dairy industry should also strengthen its potentialities in the long term in order to compete with advanced dairy countries. It is predicted that the impact of DDA agreement and FTA negotiations on the domestic dairy industry will be great; so it is urgently needed that we should reconsider the current status of the dairy industry and comprehensive mesures for dairy industry development to improve its international competitiveness. Such measures comprise the three aspects: first, reforming the policy of dairy industry-related systems, second, improving the productivity and third, expanding the consumption of dairy products. In terms of the system reforming, the most important things are, above all, the planned production relevant to market needs, the milk supply and demand management, and the raw milk transaction method. Secondly, the appropriate scale of management is important for the enhancement of productivity together with the modernization of dairy facilities. Thirdly, step-up effort is needed to expand the milk consumption; especially, more milk should be provided to the students by improving the standing milk ration system in middle and senior high schools. The government should make more effort to support and develop new dairy products tuned to consumers' taste, accelerating the publicity of diverse and steady milk consumption together with related organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-165
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• 1994

Structural adjustment of industry (or industrial restructuring) seems to be inherent in the process of capitalist economic development, which tends to be proceeded with shifts from one stage to another in order to overcome structural crises generated in each stage. The structural adjustment of industry is necessarily accompanied with regional restructuring, since it is not only projected on spece, but also mediated by space. Such a restructuring necessitates industrial and uneven regional devlopment through which capital can seek excessive profits over the rate of socio-spatial average. The industrial restructuring and uneven regional development in the 1980s in Korea can be seen as a process in which capital attempted with a strong support of the govenment to overcome the crises in the end of 1970s and hence to go on rapid economic growth. In this process, capital, especially monopoly capital concentrated into few conglomerates, pursued both extensive expansion and intensive development of industry simultaneously. In results, the Korean economy could eliminate some of peripheral characters and maturate the Fordist accumulation system. The extensive expansion of the Korean industry in the 1980s was stimulated mainly through the enlargement and adjustment of investment for equipment facilities which was planned to exclude or rationalize traditional light industries on some places, and to continue rapid growth of key heavy-chemical industries, especially of fabricated metal industry, on other places. In this process, keeping mainly the existing developmental axis which polarized the Seoul Metroplitan region and the Southeast region in Korea, the enhancing spatial mobiiity of capital and the further differentiating division of labour enforced a tendency of concentration of all types of industry in the Seoul Metropolitan region, and at the same time provoked the diffusion of some industries over Jeolla and Chungchong regions in a considerable extent. The intensive development of industriai structure in the 1980s was pursued through the strategic encouragement of subcontracting small firms mainly which produced assembling components, the technical enhancement and factory (semi-) automation, and the enrichment of service industries for estate management, finance, distribution and retailing which supported and complemented the production of goods. In this process, enabling capital to extend and elaborate its domination over space through the reorganization of regulating systems, the Fordist division of labour generated a socio-spatial hierarchy in the nation-wide scale that characterized: the Seoul Metropolitan region as an overmaturated (or overarching) Fordist region performing the conceptive functions of management, research and development, in which all types of industry (including service industries) tended to be reconcentrated; Kyungsang region as a maturated Fordist region with excutive branches of large conglomerates and with subcontracting firms around them which produced standardized products through the automized production processes in secialized Fordist industries or rationalized traditional industries; and Jeolla and Chungchong regions as newly devloping Fordist regions with newly migrated branches and some subcontracting small firms-in relatively older Fordist industries or partly rationalized traditional industries. From these analyses, it can be argued that the structural adjustment of the Korean industry in the 1980s, which had carried out both through the extensive expansion and the intensive deveiopment, strengthened further uneven regional development process, even though it appears to have reduced apparently the economic and regional disparity by balancing numerically large and small firms and by extending the Fordist industrial space nation-wideiy. And it seems more persuasive to see that the Korean industrial structure in the 1980s maturated the Fordist system of accumulation, but not yet transformed towards the post-Fordist (or the so-called flexible) accumulation system, even though the Korean economy in the 1990s seems to be under a pressure of restructuring towards the latter system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

In recent years, Chinese government established 4 pilot zones at Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian. The national marine development pilot zones policy is formed in order to promote development of Chinese marine economy, as if Chinese government selected 4 special economic zones as the policy experiment areas for economic structural reform at the beginning stage of reform and opening-up. This article utilizes the policy-making theory of Incrementalism Model and aims at searching for the essence, historical formation process, implementation state, implications of 4 Chinese marine economic development pilot zones policy. Moreover, the prospect of their future development is analyzed. The marine pilot zone policy has the following features: new development model with advanced industries and sciences & technology, highly civil participation, plural policy goals. These research results would be able to contribute not only to getting better understanding of China's marine industry policy, but also to drawing lessons for the construction of Korea's marine economic special zone in the viewpoint of policy transfer.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.166-174
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• 2018

Since particulate matter has high impacts on human health and everyday life, the dual fuel systems utilizing diesel and compressed natural gas have been developed to improve the environmental performance of diesel vehicles. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic feasibility of the dual fuel system based on real operating data of dual fuel buses and diesel buses. The system is economically feasible if the annual mileage of the dual bus is higher than 30,000 km, or if the unit fuel price of diesel is higher than that of CNG by 408 won. The uncertainty analysis results show that the economic feasibility of the system is probabilistically high, regardless of the variability of input data such as mileage and unit prices for the fuels. The sensitivity analysis results show that diesel and CNG prices are the highest contributor to the net present value of the system. Based on these results, economic incentives are suggested to disseminate the systems. This study would provide valuable economic information for bus business industry and policy maker to help make decisions for applying and disseminating the dual fuel systems to mitigate particulate matter problems.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.563-572
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• 2009

The steel industry, as the national representative strategic industry of our country, has played the motive power for the economic growth of Korea in 1970s as the positive support of the government and the management endeavor of the private were harmonized. However, in case of our country, we have mostly relied on import of the raw materials for the steel industry, and as the weight of the imported raw materials is heavy, the steel industry is the industry whose transport burden is big as it is called 'transport industry'. So, the transport rationalization will be the important task of the steel industry. This study has analyzed the economic efficiency per the transport route (container ship vs bulk ship) of the sea transport related to import/export of the steel scrap on the level acquiring the stable supply of the steel scrap. For this, this study firstly researched the status of domestic/foreign steel industry. And analyzed the world crude steel production volume, steel scrap consumption volume and world steel scrap trading structure. Also, in order to compare the transport logistics expenses between two transport devices, namely, container ship and bulk ship, this study calculated the logistics expenses per ton by using the traffic hours and traffic expenses items as the imported/exported scrap freights of 'D' company.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.640-653
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• 2022

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant of cereal-based food and animal feed. The toxicity of DON is very low compared to that of other toxins; however, the most prominent signs of DON exposure include inappetence and body weight loss, which causes considerable economic losses in the livestock industry. This review summarizes critical studies on biological DON mycotoxin mitigation strategies and the respective in vitro and in vivo intestinal effects. Focus areas include growth performance, gut health in terms of intestinal histomorphology, epithelial barrier functions, the intestinal immune system and microflora, and short-chain fatty acid production in the intestines. In addition, DON detoxification and modulation of these parameters, through biological supplements, are discussed. Biological detoxification of DON using microorganisms can attenuate DON toxicity by modulating gut microbiota and improving gut health with or without influencing the growth performance of pigs. However, the use of microorganisms as feed additives to livestock for mycotoxins detoxification needs more research before commercial use.