• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Given the limited water resources and the presence of multiple decision makers with different and usually conflicting objectives in the exploitation of water resources systems, especially dam's reservoirs; therefore, the decision to determine the optimal allocation of reservoir water among decision-makers and stakeholders is a difficult task. In this study, by combining a fuzzy VIKOR technique or fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) and the Young's bilateral bargaining model, a new method was developed to determine the optimal quantitative and qualitative water allocation of dam's reservoir water with the aim of increasing the utility of decision makers and stakeholders and reducing the conflicts among them. In this study, by identifying the stakeholders involved in the exploitation of the dam reservoir and determining their utility, the optimal points on trade-off curve with quantitative and qualitative objectives presented by Mojarabi et al. (2019) were ranked based on the quantitative and qualitative criteria, and economic, social and environmental factors using the fuzzy VIKOR technique. In the proposed method, the weights of the criteria were determined by each decision maker using the entropy method. The results of a fuzzy decision-making method demonstrated that the Young's bilateral bargaining model was developed to determine the point agreed between the decisions makers on the trade-off curve. In the proposed method, (a) the opinions of decision makers and stakeholders were considered according to different criteria in the exploitation of the dam reservoir, (b) because the decision makers considered the different factors in addition to quantitative and qualitative criteria, they were willing to participate in bargaining and reconsider their ideals, (c) due to the use of a fuzzy-logic based decision-making approach and considering different criteria, the utility of all decision makers was close to each other and the scope of bargaining became smaller, leading to an increase in the possibility of reaching an agreement in a shorter time period using game theory and (d) all qualitative judgments without considering explicitness of the decision makers were applied to the model using the fuzzy logic. The results of using the proposed method for the optimal exploitation of Iran's 15-Khordad dam reservoir over a 30-year period (1968-1997) showed the possibility of the agreement on the water allocation of the monthly total dissolved solids (TDS)=1,490 mg/L considering the different factors based on the opinions of decision makers and reducing conflicts among them.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.698-707
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• 2019

우리나라 영해 밖 EEZ내 침몰한 외국선박의 잔존유 제거작업이 국내 최초로 2019년 5월 이행되었다. 우리 관할수역이지만 기름 제거작업은 홍콩 선주 측 P&I 보험사와 계약을 맺은 일본업체가 수행하고 국내 업무 대행은 S법무법인과 J해운이 맡았다. 해당 선박은 총톤수 4,433톤의 일반화물선으로 2015년 4월 제주도 남동방 약 48마일 해상에서 침몰하였다. 침몰 후 기름 제거 작업 개시까지 만 4년이 넘는 기간이 소요되었지만 잔존유 제거작업은 단 22일 만에 끝났다. 대형선박이고 잔존유량이 많았던 Erika호나 Prestige호 등 외국사례 등과 비교하면 기름 제거 결정까지 긴 시간이 걸렸다. 그 원인을 파악하고자 해당선박 침몰 시부터 잔존유 제거까지 생산된 모든 문서 93건을 확보하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 가장 우선적으로 이루어져야 할 행정적 절차 즉, 잔존유 제거에 대한 관할 행정기관의 의사결정이 지연되었음이 확인되었다. 관할청에서 긴 시간 동안 많은 검토를 하였지만 최종 결과는 초기방안과 별로 달라지지 않았다. 4년의 시간이 흐르는 동안 선내 잔존유 상당량이 유출되고 화물 전체가 유실되었다. 의사결정 지연에 영향을 미친 원인으로 관할청의 사고 관련 기본 사실이나 자료 확인 소홀부터 법률적, 기술적, 환경적 그리고 인적 측면 등 여러 문제점이 식별되었다. 연구 마지막에 식별된 문제점에 대한 개선안, 즉 의사결정 효율화 방안을 제시한다. 이 연구는 국내 최초 EEZ내 외국 침몰선박 잔존유 제거 사례를 고찰하여 향후 유사한 작업계획이나 정책수립 등에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-125
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• 1987

Previous studies show that working wives in the market contribute to the family economy that affects the family member's behaviors as consumers. Accordingly, the consumer behavior among working wives would be differ form that among nonworking wives. As the number of working wives in the market is increasing, this study focuses on the estimation of the degree of rationality in purchasing decision making among wives in relation to their working status. Therefore, this study attempts to construct an rationality index of a purchasing decision making both at a high and a low involvement situation by working and nonworking wives, and analyzes the differences in the results of the two groups. This study also examines how the rationality indices vary with the selected socioeconomic variables. The data are obtained from self-administered questionnaires from a sample of 217 working and 191 nonworking wives at Seoul and Seongnam in 1986. The statistical methods used in this study are Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression, and Analysis of Variances. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) The mean value of the rationality index among nonworking wives is higher than that among working wives. Under a high involvement situation, the mean value of the rationality index among working wives is negative. Therefore, it is likely that nonworking wives make purchasing decisions more rationally than working wives. 2) The higher the degree of wive's education, the more rational the purchasing decision making. Under a low involvement situation, the higher the monthly family income, the more rational the purchasing decision making . under the same situation, the shorter the duration of marriage , the more rational the purchasing decision making. 3) Under a low involvement situation, the rationality indices of working wives vary with their occupations. The rationality indices among those in selling and service jobs are lower than those among those in professional jobs. 4) The impact of the selected socio-economic variables on the degree of the rationality in purchasing decision making differs depending on whether the wife is working or not. Under a low involvement situation, the positive impact of the monthly family income on the rationality in purchasing decision making is stronger among nonworking wives than among working wives. Under the same situation, the negative impact of the duration of marriage on the rationality is stronger among nonworking wives than among working wives.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

Backgrounds : To reduce the patients' economic burden of herbal decoctions use, in 2012, Korean government decided to implement the pilot project of herbal decoctions coverage in the National Health Insurance. Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the policy decision-making process for the pilot insurance project in 2012. Methods : Official documents, research papers, statistical reports, and news articles, etc. on the coverage of herbal decoctions were searched and collected. We used the Kingdon's Policy Stream Model to analyze how the policy of pilot project of herbal decoctions coverage was decided, and who were the main activists for the decision-making process. Results : Components to be included in the 'Problem stream' were the decline in the profits of Korean Medicine institutions, the contraction of the herbal decoctions use, and the fiscal surplus of National Health Insurance. In the 'Policy stream', there were several model studies for herbal decoctions coverage, and examples of herbal benefits in other social insurances. In the 'Political stream', there were the legislative initiatives by member of the National Assembly and the promotion of insurance coverage by the Association of Korean Medicine(AKOM), etc. Policy window for herbal decoctions coverage was opened by the combination of these three streams with the efforts of policy activists, such as the executives of AKOM, and policy researchers. Conclusions : The policy decision process for health insurance coverage of herbal decoctions was analyzed using Kingdon's model, and the analysis shows that the combination of political streams and entrepreneurs' competencies can be an important driving force in policy decision making.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation between the Apartment Purchase Price Decision Factor and Amenity decision Factor with cognition of the Consumer. The result are as follows; 1. The correlation coefficient between the Apartment Price Decision Factor and Amenity decision Factor with cognition of the Consumer was 0.587. 2. The ranking of the purchase price factor which it prefers were analyzed orientation > sunlight > view > the rising price expectation > natural environment etc. And the ranking of the amenity were analyzed orientation > natural environment > view > sunlight > noise etc. 3. Consumer group was classified the location, sex, year of ages and unit scale. The rank correlation coefficient of (the significant was below 0.05) sex was 0.617~0.644, year of ages was 0.62~0.771 and unit scale was 0.762~0.852. This research proved the fact that the amenity correlated with the apartment purchase price decision factor, so amenity contained an economic value. And this result will be used in decision-making-process of apartment construction.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2022

Economic evaluations in the healthcare are used to assess economic efficiency of pharmaceuticals and medical interventions such as diagnoses and medical procedures. This study introduces the main concepts of economic evaluation across its key steps: planning, outcome and cost calculation, modeling, cost-effectiveness results, uncertainty analysis, and decision-making. When planning an economic evaluation, we determine the study population, intervention, comparators, perspectives, time horizon, discount rates, and type of economic evaluation. In healthcare economic evaluations, outcomes include changes in mortality, the survival rate, life years, and quality-adjusted life years, while costs include medical, non-medical, and productivity costs. Model-based economic evaluations, including decision tree and Markov models, are mainly used to calculate the total costs and total effects. In cost-effectiveness or costutility analyses, cost-effectiveness is evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which is the additional cost per one additional unit of effectiveness gained by an intervention compared with a comparator. All outcomes have uncertainties owing to limited evidence, diverse methodologies, and unexplained variation. Thus, researchers should review these uncertainties and confirm their robustness. We hope to contribute to the establishment and dissemination of economic evaluation methodologies that reflect Korean clinical and research environment and ultimately improve the rationality of healthcare policies.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.219-219
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• 2017

This study aims at examining each firm's decision-makings of complex product and system (hereafter CoPS) innovation strategy, so that it tries to reveal the nature and role of CoPS innovations strategy. And it designed a comparative case study along with qualitative methods, by having two mobile operators' digital rights management (hereafter DRM) innovation in South Korea's digital music service industry. Through literature review, this study formulated three research propositions: (i) Each firm's decision-makings of CoPS innovations strategy are analytical negotiation process among economic actors in an industry; (ii) Each firm's market power originated from its market share from the installed base through network effect and switching cost influence decision-makings of CoPS innovation strategies; (iii) Each firm's decision-makings of different CoPS innovation strategies are related to their intension of achieving better market power, consequently dominant design. Through empirical examination of two mobile operators' decision-makings of DRM innovation strategy, this study empirically verified three research propositions.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2006

In order to cope with improvement of labor cost and cargo volume, Korean ports, especially Busan port, are in need of many new facilities. Of course, current facilities should be fully used, and at the same time it needs to make every effort to maximize its productivity as well as cost saving. To this end, this study has decided to focus on automatic yard operation suitable to the domestic container terminal environments, making a survey of many advanced container terminals, trying to find out their common factors, and finally suggesting several alternatives based on the combination of these factors. Also, this study has suggested the present value of initial investment and operating cost by alternative, and at the same time presented the relationship between cargo handling volume and cost/revenue of the optimal alternative, so that it may be of help in decision making.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-157
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• 2013

우리나라의 해운업은 2011년 실질 지배선대 기준으로 5천 5백만톤(DWT)를 소유함으로서 그리스, 일본, 독일, 중국에 이어 세계 5위를 차지하고 있으며, 연간 300억불 이상의 운임수입을 벌어들임으로써 경상수지 개선에도 기여하는 중요한 산업이다. 또한 물동량 처리측면에서 수출입물동량의 99% 이상을 수송하는 국가 기간산업이다. 지난 10여년 사이에 우리나라 외항선대는 420척에서 979척으로 대폭 증가하여 향후 전망을 밝게 하고 있다. 선행연구를 분석해보면 이처럼 우리나라 외항상선대가 크게 증가한 원인으로 2004년 선박투자회사제를 통한 선박펀드의 도입, 2005년 톤세제 도입 등의 단편적인 요소에 의한 것으로 제시되고 있다. 하지만 해운기업이 선박투자에 관한 의사결정을 할 때 어떤 요인들을 주로 고려하고, 또한 정부지원 정책 중 어떤 정책에 대한 영향을 크게 느끼고 있는지에 대한 분석은 제한적이었다. 이러한 측면에서 해운기업의 투자의사결정 시 중요한 요소 8가지와 정부의 해운정책 8가지에 대하여 퍼지방법론을 사용하여 중요도 분석을 수행하였다. 먼저, 해운기업의 투자의사결정 시 중요한 요소 8가지측면에서는 '해운시황 및 향후 전망', '현재 선가 및 향후 전망', '화물확보와 향후 수익 전망' 등을 가장 중요한 요인으로 고려하여 의사결정을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 정부의 정책측면에서는 '정책금융기관의 금융지원', '해운보증기금' 및 '선박금융공사의 설립' 등 선박금융 관련 정책을 중요한 요인으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.634-642
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the influence of career barriers on employment decisions among high school students specializing in beauty-related field. The subjects of this study were 339 students attending beauty-specialized high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollabuk-do, and a self-written questionnaire was employed for conducting the research. This survey was conducted from April 4 to April 18, 2022. A total of 380 questionnaires were distributed, and 350 responses were collected. Of these, 339 questionnaires were considered for the final analysis, as the remaining 11 had incomplete or insincere responses. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the career barriers affecting high school students in beauty-specialized schools were categorized into eight factors: lack of interest, economic difficulties, financial support, interpersonal challenges, job information, anxiety about future, conflict with others, and lack of self-clarity. Second, when assessing the impact of career barriers on employment decision-making, it was observed that the level of employment decision-making had a statistically positive (+) effect, and the lack of interest had a negative (-) effect on the level of employment decision-making. Next, the significance of the regression model, considering the specific factors of career barriers in relation to employment confidence, was established as p<.001. Variables such as a lack of interest, limited access to job information, and lack of self-clarity had a negative (-) effect on the level of employment confidence, with a significance level of 0.05.