• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.375-387
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• 2018

This study investigates the factors that induce the early adoption of environmentally friendly vehicles. We measure the affective, cognitive, and behavioral factors influencing the early adoption intentions of car owners in three countries (the US, Germany, and Japan). We find that affective and cognitive factors are significant, but behavioral factors are only partially significant. Specifically, eco-centric values and knowledge about green technology are significant in explaining early adoption intent. However, of the behavioral factors, usage context is significant, whereas commute distance is not significant in explaining early adoption intent. Finally, between-country differences indicate that any policy to increase the adoption of environmentally friendly vehicles should be fine-tuned for each country.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1213-1220
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• 2015

By the dissemination of the electronic blackboard systems, smart devices, and digital contents, the Korean government is recently conducting the project that replaces the classic education which utilizes paper textbooks with SMART education using various devices. Also, teachers in the field must be easily able to use SMART education infrastructure for the activation of SMART education. Especially, since the electronic blackboard is expected as a education device which will be most common for teachers, the writing software operated on the this device must supports a simple interface. And the usage of it must be simple. In this paper, we developed the writing software for the electronic blackboard which everyone can use easily. Our writing software supports the basic writing function, the human gesture recognition function which recognizes the user gesture and performs works corresponding with that gesture, and the automatic button alignment function based on the frequency of the usages.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

Korean Government has developed Sejong City as a new administration city. This city of future was planned and designed toward one of the most eco-friendly city on the basis of ICTs. To attain this object, a carbon emission monitoring system (CEMS) was designed and installed as a part of u-city service which provides various information anytime and anywhere to enrich the people's quality of life. In this paper, at first, the structure and functions of CEMS are introduced. This system is consist of 5 parts - data collection from user and linked public DBs, transforming data into meaningful information for the policy makers, system-user interfacing via statistical tables and graphs, and system maintenance. This system can be operated by the citizen participation through whole the process. With the help of GIS map and graphic interface, statistics of monitored data for both citizen and decision maker provided and after feed-back, they have affected on the behaviour of citizen's energy consumption and related policy as well. By the CEMS, energy consumption data of 124 agreed households were collected during 9 months in 2012. Electricity, gas and water consumption were remote-metered automatically by the system and analysed. This showed that more than 85% of CO2 emission is rely on electricity usage. Furthermore, number of family members and size of house influences on the emission of CO2 by each household together with the life-style of the occupants. Electricity and water consumption showed the seasonal factor while gas consumption represents the number of family members. Even this paper has limitations caused by 9 months of data collection, it shows the policy directions to reduce the emission of CO2 focusing on the house size and number of family members of each households. With the result of this research, life-style of the generation of dwellers should be investigated and the CO2 emission characteristics of other housing type as well for the data building for future policy making.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

In this study, we investigate the mechanical properties of high manganese steel, and the friction and wear characteristics of brake friction material containing this steel, for passenger car application, with the aim of replacing copper and copper alloys whose usage is expected to be restricted in the future. These steels are prepared using a vacuum induction melting furnace to produce binary and ternary alloys. The hardness and tensile strength of the high manganese steel decrease and the elongation increases with increase in manganese content. This material exhibits high values of hardness, tensile strength, and elongation; these properties are similar to those of 7-3 brass used in conventional friction materials. We fabricate high manganese steel fibers to prepare test pad specimens, and evaluate the friction and wear characteristics by simulating various braking conditions using a 1/5 scale dynamometer. The brake pad material is found to have excellent friction stability in comparison with conventional friction materials that use 7-3 brass fibers; particularly, the friction stability at high temperature is significantly improved. Additionally, we evaluate the wear using a wear test method that simulates the braking conditions in Europe. It is found that the amount of wear of the brake pad is the same as that in the case of the conventional friction material, and that the amount of wear of the cast iron disc is reduced by approximately 10. The high manganese steel is expected to be useful in the development of eco-friendly, copper-free friction material.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Indirect evaporative cooling, which utilizes a cooling effect obtained by the evaporation of water, is energy-effective compared to the conventional vapor compression method. It is also eco-friendly, due to the non-usage of CFC refrigerant. In this study, three indirect evaporative cooler samples of the cross flow type(size: $300mm{\times}300mm{\times}300mm$, channel pitch: $5mm{\times}5mm$, $5mm{\times}7mm$, $7mm{\times}7mm$) were made using plastic/paper composites. Tests were conducted to measure indirect evaporative efficiencies and pressure drops. Results showed that the efficiency was the highest for the $5mm{\times}5mm$ sample, owing to the largest surface area. The saved electrical energy was also the greatest for that sample. The pressure drop of the wet channel was larger than that of the dry channel as expected. A theoretical model was proposed, which underestimated both the indirect evaporation efficiency and the pressure drop.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2016

Owing to increasing demand of rare metals present in ICT products, it is necessary to promote the rare metal recycling industry from an environmental viewpoint and to prevent climate change. Despite the fact that information for toxic substances is partly indicated, a legal basis and an international standard indicating usage of rare metals is insufficient. In order to address this issue, a newly created study group of environment and climate change at the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is doing research to develop methodologies for recycling rare metals from ICT products in an eco-friendly way. Under this group, the Republic of Korea has established two international standards related to rare metals present in ICT products. The first is 'Release of rare metal information for ICT products (ITU-T L.1100)' and the other is 'Quantitative and qualitative analysis methods for rare metals (ITU-T L.1101)'. A new proposal for recommending the provision of rare metal information through a label by manufacturers and consumer/recycling businesses has been approved recently and is supposed to be published later in 2016. Moreover, these recommendations are also being extended to IEC, ISO and other standardization organizations and a strategy to reinforce the ability for domestic standardization is being established in accordance with industrial requirements. This will promote efficient recycling of rare metals from ICT products and will help improve the domestic supply of rare metals.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2016

The increase of world's population and economic development are the keys drivers behind growing demand for energy. Especially the demand for electricity would eventually result in an increase of coal usage. Therefore ultra supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler has been developed as solutions of economic eco-friendly technologies for coal and of increasing supplies of low grade fuels. Ultra supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler has an once through type of steam cycle different from drum type in subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler. Also, the duplication of a proven commercial module with 100-300 MWe subcritical circulating fluidized bed might be the key for design of 500~800 MWe ultra supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler. After 2017, ultra supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler might become standard model over subcritical circulating fluidized bed boiler. Therefore, this paper will help you to understand ultra super critical circulating fluidized bed (USC-CFB) through describing the background, status and prospect of the CFB technology.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2018

The Epoxy-coated Reinforcing bars have been proved to be able to extend a durability life because of its excellent corrosion resistance in bridges and structures under marine and severe environments. The usage of epoxy-coated reinforcement is continuously increasing in developed countries such as the US and Japan. However, domestic use is extremely limited due to lack of research and development, poor production facilities, low quality, increase of initial costs, and difficulty of field management. This study suggests the improvement of construction quality management such as manufacturing, transportation and construction for the field application through the test construction of the proven product in the related test results of the epoxy coated steel bars produced in the recently improved manufacturing facility.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2013

For organic farming, green manure crops such as leguminous forages and barley have been broadly used to improve soil fertility and soil physical and chemical properties by repeatedly cutting and mulching them directly as winter crop in the field in the rotation. In this investigation we selected 78 agricultural farm corporations as well as individual organic farmhouses related to crop rotation from greenmanure crops to main crops in order to analyze the relationship of cropping system between main crops and green manure crops. The results showed that the green manure crops were divided into two groups as leguminous and nonleguminous crops, representing that those are limited to specific climate and farming systems of regions. Also the 10 or less green manure crops including sudangrass, hairyvetch, italian ryegrass, sorghun, buckwheat, oat, pea, rye, clover, and canola which belong to leguminous crops which are presently cultivated from the organic farmhouses within the rotational crop system. We also confirmed that the major main crops are sweet potato, soybean, corn, tobacco, spinach from usage frequency analyzed by NetMiner H 2.6 which was used to estimate the rotational cropping system among the green manure crops and main crops.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

Ladle furnace slag is a byproduct of the steel-making process, and it contains the mineral β-C2Sandtherapid-settingmineral (dependingonwhichreducingagenthasbeenused). Ladle furnace slag is often treated through slow cooling, which causes the slag to lose its reactivity. In this study, the properties of air-quenched CAC and pulverized ladle furnace slag containing gypsum were evaluated, and the optimal mixing ratio was determined for broadening their usage. Consequently, the properties of CAC aredemonstrated by the dissolution of gypsum after a period of three hours and the content of gypsum after a period of one day. The optimal mixing ratio of anhydrate and hemihydrate gypsum is found to be within 30% and that of dihydrate gypsum is found to be higher than 35%. Furthermore, based on the results of CAC with dihydrate gypsum, the applicability of the by-product dihydrate gypsum has been verified.