• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

This Study investigated kindergarten parents' attitude, satisfaction and demand in the school meal service programs (SMSP). The subjects were 2450 parents that their child attended at kindergarten's SMSP from 16 provinces. To com-pared children's eating habits according to their parent age group and residence area, the percentage of regularly breakfast eating were lower in 'below 30 years old' group and large city residence than 'above 30 years old' group and middle and small city residence. And taking breakfast item was partially different pattern according parent age, 'below 30 years old' group and large city child ate more bread and milk as breakfast than Korean style breakfast with steamed rice and soup and side dish. In the prefer types of school meal service, most prefer types of meal service was fully meal service at kindergarten, $79.1\%$ subjects wanted this type. But 'below 30 years old' group's parent answered 'lunch box brings from home' ratio was higher than 'above 30 years old' group. Most parents accepted the present meal cost and $63.8\%$ of subjects was willing to pay more money to improve the quality of SMSP Twenty-six precent parents was responded that no improvement children's eating habit through SMSP. And they answered the key point of SMSP management was 'cooking sanitation'($65.1\%$) and 'nutrition' ($50.0\%$) and they answered the urgent improvement point at SMSP was 'Improvement taste and quality of meal' ($62.6\%$). Kindergarten parents' attitude about catering service as SMSP as not to prefer, but $10.4\%$ of subjects answered that catering service is ideal meal service type in kindergarten and they expected the advantage of catering service was 'convenience of foodservice'($40.7\%$) and 'support foodservice facilities and labor'($32.4\%$) and they also pointed out disadvantage was 'lower in meal freshness'($53.9\%$) and 'sanitation Problem'($51.9\%$).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.583-591
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the diet diversity, food habit and nutrient intake of obese adults who were visiting the health promotion center. This study was accomplished with the 138 obese adults (men = 103, women= 35) aged over 20 years old whose BMI were above $25 kg/m^2$. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score DVS), and food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) by using the data from the three days record were analyzed and the food habit and lifestyle were assessed by self reporting questionnaire. The average enemy intake of men was 2150.2 kcal which was significantly higher than that of women (p < 0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat over total energy was 54.8% : 19.3% : 25.8% in men, 59.5% : 17.8% : 22.6% in women respectively. Frequency of the breakfast in a week above 4, $2{\sim}3$ time and under one time was 75.7% 10.7% and 9.7% in men 77.1%, 5.7% and 14.3% in women respectively. frequency of eating between meals in a day under one time was 73.8% in men, 57.1% in women (p < 0.05). The average DDS and DVS was $3.63{\pm}0.07$ and $14.10 {\pm}3.45$, respectively which was significantly correlated with MAR (r=0.40 in DDS, r=0.64 in DVS, p < 0.01). The most frequent style of food pattern was DMGFV = 01101 in 35% of men, and DMGFV= 01111 in 37.1% of women. Our results show that dietary diversity and variety are useful parameters far evaluating nutrient intakes in obese adults. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on obese persons' eating behavior and eating diversity may be required to increase educational efficiency of weight control programs.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of eating out behavior especially in relation to Korean food. Self-administered questionnairs were completed by 700 adults living Seoul and Kyunggi-do area from June to July 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The 68.4% of subjects ate outside home either frequently or occasionally. Lunch-eat-out was the most frequent and breakfast-eat-out, the least. Male subjects, adults under the age of 50, and students ate out more frequently. 2. The 70.3% of subjects spent less than 5000 won for the expense of eating out. Those under the age of 25 and students considered reasonable the expenditure of less than 3000 won for lunch and less than 5000 won for supper. But older adults and workers and housewives prefered $3000{\sim}5000$ won for lunch and $5000{\sim}15000$ won for supper. 3. Nayngmyun, bibimbap, jajangmyun, pizza, Broiled galbi, and pork cutlet were favorite eat-out dishes. Among Korean foods, bibimbap, Broiled galbi, nayngmyun, bulgogi and galbitang were frequently selected menues. While Korean dishes had a tendency to be selected as a first choice, noodle type dishes and western style fast food were prefered as a second and third choices. 4. Korean food restaurants received highest score in the food taste and familiarity evaluations. They also received good grade in such points as the nutritive value of food, amount of serving portion and the variety of menu. But as for the sanitation and food price, Korean restaurant scored the lower mark in comparison to noodle restaurant and fast food restaurant.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.84-103
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• 2012

Objectives : The middle school students'life style were studied with focus on Body Mass Index(BMI). Information was collected during 1st June 2009 to 10th July from 397 students(both male and female) by the subjective survey centered on personal characteristic, understanding about health in general, everyday activities, eating habits, preference in food, understanding about diet and obesity, and thoughts about fitness and diet. Methods : Students were selected from six classes by convenience sampling, then the final analysis was performed on 397 self-administered questionnaires, excepting 5 questionnaires, which have insincere answers. The data collection was carried out by SPSS(V.14.0 English Version), and the data was verified by $x^2$-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion : The survey subjects were in the following distribution of body weights - underweight: 63.6%, normal weight: 29.5% and 6.9% were overweight. There was significantly different between BMI and mothers' occupation and satisfaction with school life(p<0.05). As for the analysis(multiple regression analysis) on understanding about health, the factors that affect BMI are self recognition of figure and efforts to reduce weight. In terms of efforts for one's own health, 78.2% of under weight and 82.3% of normal weight were taking active initiatives. But 85.2% of the overweight students were not giving any efforts. As for the free time activities, more than half answered, 'playing with computers'(48.4 - 66.7%, 1.57 hours on average). As for TV, on average, 2.03 hours were spent in overall. And it turned out that the overweight students spent more time watching TV by 46.49 minutes(0.77 hours) on average(p<0.05). 7.4 hours was the average sleeping time. As for the eating habit,'quantity of meal, snack, meal between meals, fat reduction, and supplementary food'were shown to be related to the BMI(p<0.05). The instant food, meat and sweet food were shown to be also related to the BMI. In terms of knowledge about overweight and diet, only 8 students(2% of the total) answered all 10 questions correct. On average, 7-8 questions were correctly answered(53.9 %). When the scores were analyzed against the BMI by classifying the scores to high, middle and low categories, it showed a relationship by different weight group(p<0.02), and the overweight students had higher score by 0.82 compared to the underweight students. When thoughts and attitude on fitness and diet were analyzed in relationship to the BMI, the result was only - "I try to eat fruits more often"(fruits)(p<0.00).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess comsumer preferences and perception of Korean foods in Koreans and non-Koreans residing in Korea. Exactly 79 customers (28 Koreans, 51 non-Koreans) were surveyed with questionnaires in English and Korean. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package (21.0) and ${\chi}^2$-test. Subjects were of various nationalities, including China (37.3%), Philippines (19.6%), Japan (17.7%), USA (11.8%), Uzbekistan (3.9%), Nepal (2.0%) and Nigeria (2.0%). The representative food was Kimchi and favorite Korean foods were Kimchi, Bulgogi, Bibimbap, Galbijjim etc. Koreans reported that the main advantages of Korean food were its 'home-made style', but non-Koreans reported 'health functionality'. In terms of disadvantages, non-Koreans consumers ranked 'unsanitary eating style without individual plates' as the biggest problem while Koreans ranked 'table setting at a time'. Factors 'complicated cooking method', 'spicy taste' and 'salty taste' were also reported disadvantages. Survey participants were asked what was the most important for the globalization of Korean food. Most non-Korean participants listed 'health functionality' and 'traditionalism' (p<0.05).

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.215-230
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• 2013

This study aims at examining perception, life style and food habits by residence type in female college students. The data analysis were conducted by a body fat analyzer and questionnaire survey. The subjects were 230 female college students divided into three groups: home-living group, dormitory group, and self-boarding group. The age of the subjects was 20.3~21.7 years old. Among the subjects, 46.1% were home-living group, 27.4% dormitory group, and 26.5% self-boarding group. There was no significant satisfaction of body weight by residence type. Their exercise frequency were not significant by the groups. The exercise time per day was much in home-living group than dormitory group, and self-boarding group(p<0.05). The meal eating time was regular in dormitory group than in home-living group and self-boarding group at p<0.05. 'Frequency of much food intake', 'frequency of restaurant meal', and 'saltness' were significant by the groups at p<0.05 respectively. Breakfast frequency was significant different by the groups at p<0.05. Intakes frequency of cereals in breakfast, meats in breakfast, vegetables in breakfast was different by the groups at p<0.05.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a checklist based on the stored items of cooking, for making a good kitchen furniture reseach. The research candidates are purposive sampled from 30 households of for 40 or 50 pyeong-type apartments in Kangnam, Seoul, The research data are is collected gotten at by a field study of the stored items of cooking, eating and utility area, by an in-depth interview to 30 households, and by a field survey of the department stores, super-markets of home appliances. Studied households in average hold about 890 items, which are classified as 239 sorts. The first step of making the checklist is to categorize items into 9 biggest categories, considering the usage of items and the stage of the preparing the food. when the item was used. Second step of making the checklist is to categorize the items into 31 smaller categories, which reflect the shape of items, the storage style and the place of storage. Third step of making the checklist is to sort the items into smallest categories by the frequency of the usage, storage type, and the additional capacity of the item. Even Although items are sorted into the same level of categories, the frequency of use make a different storage area. Also, the storage style of the items was different according to the storage area. Based on these factors, we suggested a checklist based on the stored items of cooking.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2016

With the growing interest in skincare and maintenance, there are increasing numbers of studies on the classification of skin type and the factors influencing each type. This study presents a novel methodology by using data mining, for the determination of the relationships between skin type, lifestyle, and patterns of cosmetic utilization. Eight skin-specific factors, which are moisture, sebum in U-zone (both cheeks), sebum in T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin), pore, melanin, wrinkle, acne, hemoglobin, were measured in 1,246 subjects living in South Korea, in conjunction with a questionnaire survey analyzing their lifestyles and pattern of cosmetic utilization. Using various multivariate statistical methods and data mining techniques, we classified the skin types based on the skin-specific values, determined the relationship between skin type and lifestyle, and accordingly sorted the subjects into clusters. Logistic regression analysis revealed gender-related differences in the skin; therefore, separate analyses were performed for males and females. Using the Gaussian Mixture Modeling (GMM) technique, we classified the subjects based on skin type (two male and four female). Using the ANOVA and decision tree techniques, we attempted to characterize the relationship between each skin type and the lifestyles of the subjects. Menstruation, eating habits, stress, and smoking were identified as the major factors affecting the skin.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.1491-1496
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• 2002

목 적: 남녀 고등학생들의 비만에 대한 인식도를 알아보고 그리고 비만에 대한 지식 정도와 실제 생활과의 연관관계 등을 조사하여 비만의 예방과 치료 방향 설정에 도움을 주고자 시행하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 대구광역시 북구에 위치한 고등학교 1, 2학년 남녀 각각 882명, 668명 총 1,550명을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 시행하였으며 이중 성실하게 응답한 1514명을 본 연구의 대상으로 하였다. 설문지는 무기명으로, 본인이 직접 기입하도록 하였다. 성별 연령에 따른 체질량지수가 85 백분위수 이하를 1군(정상 체중군), 85-95 백분위수를 2군(비만 위험군), 95 백분위수 이상을 3군(비만군)으로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 비만에 대한 인식도 : 비만에 대한 인식정도는 남학생의 경우 심각한 질병으로 인식하는 경우가 1군에서 30.6%, 2군에서 37.4%, 3군에서 48.4%로 정상 체중군보다 비만군에서 비만을 질병으로 인식하는 경우가 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았으며(P=0.00), 여학생에서는 비만을 매우 심각한 질병으로 인식하는 경우가 1군에서 8%, 2군에서 15.8%, 3군에서 14.3%이었고, 심각한 질병으로 인식하는 경우가 1군에서 44.4%, 2군에서 55.3%, 3군에서 57.1%이었고, 각 군간의 비만에 대한 인식정도는 차이가 없었다(P=0.332). 2) 비만에 대한 지식 : 비만 지식에 대한 점수는 1군에서 남학생이 9.68, 여학생이 10.42이었으며, 2군에서는 남학생이 10.06, 여학생이 11.38이었으며, 3군에서는 남학생이 10.11, 여학생이 10.57이었다. 각 군간의 비만에 대한 지식은 남녀 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3) 건강한 식습관과 비만에 대한 지식과의 상관관계 : 건전한 식습관과 비만에 대한 지식과의 상관관계는 남, 여학생 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) 규칙적인 운동 습관 : 남학생의 경우 규칙적인 운동을 하는 경우가 1군, 2군, 3군에서 각각 38.7%, 36.7%, 34.9%로 통계학적 유의성은 없었고(P=0.795), 여학생 역시 각각 14.5%, 12.8%, 30.8%로 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 5) 규칙적인 운동 유무와 비만에 대한 지식과의 관련성 : 남학생의 경우 규칙적인 운동을 하는 경우가 9.98점, 규칙적인 운동을 하지 않는 경우가 9.64점이었고, 여학생은 규칙적인 운동을 하는 경우가 10.73점, 규칙적인 운동을 하지 않는 경우가 10.50점으로 규칙적인 운동 유무와 비만에 대한 지식 정도는 남녀 모두 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 비록 일부 지역의 고등학생을 대상으로 한조사이나 고등학생들의 비만의 심각성에 대한 인식과 운동과 식습관의 관련성을 분석하는 의의가 있다. 고등학생들이 비만의 심각성에 대해서는 어느 정도 인식하고 있으나, 정상 체중 학생과 비만 학생사이에 비만에 대한 지식의 차이가 없었으며, 비만에 대한 지식정도와 건강한 식습관이나 규칙적인 운동의 유무와는 관련성이 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2015

경기도 용인지역 1개 고등학교에 재학 중인 남학생 146명과 여학생 165명을 대상으로 성별에 따른 아침식사의 섭취빈도(주당 0~2회, 3~6회 및 7회)를 분류한 다음 아침식사 섭취빈도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 생활습관 및 식습관의 특성(생활습관, 아침식사 섭취패턴, 아침식사 섭취환경, 간식 섭취패턴 및 아침식사에 대한 인식도)을 조사한 후 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 성별 섭취빈도는 남학생 0~2회 섭취군 27.4%, 3~6회 섭취군 28.1%, 7회 섭취군 44.5%였으며 여학생 0~2회 섭취군 25.8%, 3~6회 섭취군 29.7%, 7회 섭취군 44.5%의 결과를 보였다. 아침식사의 섭취환경 중 아침식사 준비자는 남학생과 여학생 모두 '엄마'라는 응답이 78.1%와 73.5%로 가장 많았으며, 여학생은 아침식사 섭취빈도가 증가할수록 엄마가 식사를 준비하는 비율이 함께 증가하는 결과를 보인 반면 '나 자신'이라고 응답한 비율은 감소하는 결과를 보였다(P<0.001). 아침결식 이유는 남학생의 경우 '잠을 더 자기 위해서'라는 응답이 아침식사 섭취빈도가 증가할수록 함께 증가하는 결과를 보였고(P<0.001) '입맛을 잃어서'라는 응답은 아침식사 섭취빈도가 증가할수록 감소하는 결과를 보였다(P<0.001). 여학생은 0~2회(42.5%)와 7회 섭취군(62.3%)이 '잠을 더 자기 위해서'라고 응답하였다. 아침결식 시의 가족반응은 남학생과 여학생(P<0.001) 모두 '꼭 먹으라고 충고하심'의 결과가 아침식사 섭취빈도가 올라갈수록 함께 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 아침결식에 따른 간식섭취의 영향은 남학생(35.6%)보다 여학생(51.6%)이 '관계있음'이라고 응답한 비율이 더 많았다. 간식섭취로 인한 주요한 결식끼니는 남학생(35.3%)과 여학생(53.4%) 모두 '저녁'이라고 응답하였으며 여학생 0~2회 섭취군의 저녁결식 비율이 64.9%로 매우 높은 결과를 보였다. 아침식사에 대한 인식도는 남학생(P<0.05)과 여학생(P<0.001) 모두 아침식사 섭취빈도가 증가할수록 아침식사에 대한 중요성에 대한 인식도가 함께 상승하는 결과를 보였다. 아침식사와 건강에 대한 인식도는 남학생(43.9%)에 비해 여학생(54.8%)이 높은 결과를 보였으며 여학생(0회 섭취군 32.5%, 3~6회 섭취군 45.7%, 7회 섭취군 73.9%)은 아침식사 섭취빈도가 증가할수록 아침식사 중요도 인식도가 함께 증가하는 결과를 보였다(P<0.001). 아침식사가 중요한 이유로 남학생(47.9%)과 여학생(41.9%) 모두 '에너지 공급'이 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. 앞으로의 아침식사 섭취에 대한 의지는 남학생과 여학생 모두 섭취빈도가 증가할수록 '현재 섭취하고 있고 앞으로도 섭취할 계획'이라는 응답이 함께 상승하는 결과를 보였다(P<0.001). 그러나 '현재 섭취하고 있지 않거나 섭취하고 있지만 앞으로는 섭취하지 않을 계획임'이라고 응답한 비율이 남학생은 19.2%, 여학생은 14.2%의 결과를 보여 고등학생들의 아침식사 섭취에 대한 인식 및 중요성 제고를 위한 보다 구체적이고 현실적인 영양교육의 프로그램 개발이 요구된다.