• Title/Summary/Keyword: early growth response

Search Result 307, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Changes in Free Amino Acid, Carotenoid, and Proline Content in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis) in Response to Drought Stress

  • Shawon, Rayhan Ahmed;Kang, Baek Song;Kim, Ho Cheol;Lee, Sang Gyu;Kim, Sung Kyeom;Lee, Hee Ju;Bae, Jong Hyang;Ku, Yang Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.31 no.6
    • /
    • pp.622-633
    • /
    • 2018
  • Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 cm diameter ${\times}$ 22 cm high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

Anti-invasive activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors via the induction of Egr-1 and the modulation of tight junction-related proteins in human hepatocarcinoma cells

  • Kim, Sung-Ok;Choi, Byung-Tae;Choi, Il-Whan;Cheong, Jae-Hun;Kim, Gi-Young;Kwon, Taeg-Kyu;Kim, Nam-Deuk;Choi, Yung-Hyun
    • BMB Reports
    • /
    • v.42 no.10
    • /
    • pp.655-660
    • /
    • 2009
  • The potential anti-metastasis and anti-invasion activities of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and claudin-3, a tight junction (TJ)-related protein, were evaluated using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results of wound healing and Transwell assays showed that HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate inhibited cell migration and invasion. HDAC inhibitors markedly induced Egr-1 expression during the early period, after which expression levels decreased. In addition, the down-regulation of snail and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) in HDAC inhibitor- treated cells induced the upregulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), E-cadherin and claudin-3. Cells transfected with Egr-1 and claudin-3 siRNA displayed significant blockage of HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-invasive activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that the up-regulation of Egr-1 and claudin-3 are crucial steps in HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-metastasis and anti-invasion.

Response of Yields and Major Characters of Waxy Corn Hybrids under No-Tillage Practice (무경운 재배에서 찰옥수수 교잡종의 수량 및 주요형질의 반응)

  • 이명훈
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
    • /
    • v.11 no.1
    • /
    • pp.79-88
    • /
    • 2003
  • Saved labor cost, energy conservation, reduced soil erosion, and increase of emergence rate would be expected from no-tillage cultivation of corn. Few research has been reported on the no-tillage effects for waxy corn hybrid. Five waxy com hybrids were tested under conventional and no-tillage practices to investigate responses of early growth, plant characters, ear characters, fresh yield, and grain yield. Emergence rates under no-tillage were lower than under conventional tillage. Plant heights at early growth stages under no-tillage were higher than those under conventional tillage. Plant height under no-tillage was higher than that under conventional tillage. There were no differences between conventional tillage and no-tillage for ear length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, 100 kernels weight, fresh yield, and grain yield. This result indicates that no-tillage practice might be recommended for practical method for waxy com production. Days to tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, and number of kernels per row were correlated with fresh and grain yields.

  • PDF

A Case of True Precocious Puberty Complicating Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (진성 성조숙증으로 전환된 선천성 부신 과형성증 1례)

  • Kim, Su Jin;Lee, Ju Suk;Kim, Su Yung
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
    • /
    • v.46 no.4
    • /
    • pp.400-403
    • /
    • 2003
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) is a recognized cause of precocious pseudopuberty. Some children with CAH also develop true precocious puberty with early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We review a case of CAH who eventually developed central precocious puberty nine months after initial treatment with corticosteroid. A 3-year-old boy visited complaining of rapid growth, a large penis and frequent penile erections. This patient was diagnosed with CAH with elevated 17-OH progesterone and cortical hypertrophy of adrenal gland on CT scan. His gonadotropin levels were within the normal prepubertal range. Even on treatment with corticosteroid he grew rapidly and had testicular enlargement, pubic hair development and rapid bone maturation. At second admission, his gonadotropin levels were elevated both basally and in response to LHRH stimulation, suggesting that the CAH led to early activation of pubertal gonadotropin secretion(true precocious puberty). He was treated with monthly depot injections of a LHRH analog in addition to the hydrocortisone. His second sexual characteristics regressed gradually and rate of linear growth and bone maturation decreased.

Studies on the growth of Korea Lawn Grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)in Reponse to Nitrogen Application, Clipping Treatment and Plant Density (질소시용, 예초 및 재식밀도가 한국잔디(Zoysia Japonica Steud)의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Sim, Jae-Seong
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
    • /
    • v.1
    • /
    • pp.61-113
    • /
    • 1987
  • The increasing emphasis placed on the production of fine turf for lawns, golf courses, parks, and other recreational sites has led to many unsolved problems as to how such turf could be best established and mainteined. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted under con ditions of pot and field. The results obtained were as follows EXPERIMENT I. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and clipping interval on Zoysia japonica. 1. Increasing the rate of nitrogen and frequent clipping increased tiller number of Zoysis japonica and the maximum number of tillers were obtained from 700 kg N application and freqnent clippings (10 days interval ) in October. Treatment of 350kg N with 10 days clipping interval increased tillers much more than those of 700 kgN with 20 and 30 days clipping intervals. 2. The average number of green leaves occurred during the growth period maximized by applying 700 kg N and clipping 10 days interval. 3. Increasing tiller numbers significantly decreased tops DM weight per tiller by clipping plants at interval of 10 and 20 days, irrespective of nitrogen applied, and with nil N, at the interval of 30 days. By applying 700 kg N, however, top DM weight per tiller increased as the number of tillers increased consistently. 4. The highest top DM weight was achieved from late August to early September by applying 350 and 700kgN. 5. During the growth period, differences in unders ( stolon + root ) DM weight occurred bynitrogen application were found between nil N and two applied nitrogen levels, whereas, at the same level of nitrogen applied, the increase in stolon DM weight enhanced by lengthening the clipping interval to 30 days. 6. Nitrogen efficiency to green leaves, stolon nodes and DM weight of root with high nitrogen was achieved as clipping interval was shortened. 7. By increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate applied, N content n the leaves and stems of Zoysiajaponica was increased. On the other hand, N content in root and stolon had little effect onfertilizer nitrogen, resulting in the lowest content among plant fractions. The largest content of N was recorded in leaves. Lengthening the clipping interval from 10 or 20 to 30 days tends to decrease the N content in the leaves and stems, whereas this trend did not appeared in stolon androot. 8. A positive correlations between N and K contents in tops and stolon were established andthus K content increased as N content in tops and stolon increased. Meanwhile, P content was not affected by N and clipping treatments. 9. Total soluble carbohydrate content in Zoysia japonica was largest in stolon and stem, and was reduced by increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate. Reduction in total soluble carbohydrate due to increased nitrogen rate was severer in the stolons and stems than in the leaves. 10. Increasing the rate of nitrogen applied increased the number of small and large vascular bundles in leaf blade, but shortened distance among the large vascular bundles. Shortening the clipping interval resulted in increase of the number of large vascular bundles but decrease ofdistance between large vascular bundles.EXPERIMENT II. Growth response of Zoysia japonica imposed by different plant densities. 1. Tiller numbers per unit area increased as plant density heightened. Differences in num ber between densities at higher densities than 120 D were of no significance. 2. Tiller numbers per clone attained by 110 days after transplanting were 126 at 40D,77 at 80D, 67 at 120D, 54 at 160D, and 41 at 200D. A decreasing trend of tiller numbers per clone with increasing density was noticable from 100 days after transplanting onwards. 3. During the growth period, the greatest number of green leaves per unit area were attainedin 90days after transplanting at 160D and 200D, and 100 days after transplanting at 40D, 80Dand 120D. Thus the period to reach the maximum green leaf number with the high plantdensity was likely to be earlier that with the low plant density. 4. Stolon growth up to 80 days after transplaning was relatively slow, but from 80 daysonwards, the growth quickened to range from 1.9 m/clone at 40D to 0.6m/clone at 200Din 200 days after transplanting, these followed by the stolon node produced. 5. Plant density did not affect stolon weight/clone and root weight/clone until 80 daysafter transplanting. 6. DM weight of root was heavier in the early period of growth than that of stolon, butthis trend was reversed in the late period of growth : DM weight of stolon was much higherthan that of root.EXPERIMENT Ill. Vegetative growth of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella as affected by nitrogen and clipping height. 1. When no nitrogen was applied to Zoysia japonica, leaf blade which appeared during theAugust-early September period remained green for a perid of about 10 weeks and even leavesemerged in rate September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks asnitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of Zoysia matrella which emerged during the mid August-earlySeptember period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that thelife-spen of individual leaf of Zoysia matrella may be longer than that of Zoysia japorica. Clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July-August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weightof Zoysia japonica were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with twolevel of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September ; no effect of nitrogen wasappeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Greenleaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influencedby nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2-3 stolons. However, 1st branch stoIon asaffected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolons. 4. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused bythe primary stolons. By applying nitrogen, the primary stolons of Zoysia japonica waslonger than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1stbranch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In Zoysia matrella, 1st branch stolons were muchlonger than the primary stolon when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clippingthere was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 5. Stolon nodes of both Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella were positively influenced by nit rogen, but no particular increase by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in Zoysiamatrella. Although the stolon of Zoysia japonica grew until late October, the growthstimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that by nil N.

  • PDF

Physiological Responses of Oxygen-Tolerant Anaerobic Bifidobacterium longum under Oxygen

  • Ahn, Jun-Bae;Hwang, Han-Joon;Park, Jong-Hyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.11 no.3
    • /
    • pp.443-451
    • /
    • 2001
  • In order to investigate what kind of response anaerobic bifidobacteria has on oxygen stress, five oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria were isolated from human fecal samples. All were temporarily identified as Bifidobacterium longum through an analysis of carbohydrate utilization patterns and cellular fatty acid profiles. In the presence of oxygen, the lag phase became extended and the cell growth was suppressed. Bifidobacterial cell was able to remove dissolved oxygen in an early stage of growth and to overcome oxygen stress to a certain extent. The cell became long n size and showed a rough surface containing many nodes which were derived from abnormal or incomplete cell division. Cellular fatty acid profiled changed remarkably under a partially aerobic condition, so that the carbon chain of cellular fatty acid became short. All the dimethyl acetals originated from plasmalogen were reduced, any cyclopropane fatty acid, 9, 10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid ($C_{19:0}cyc9,10$), was increased remarkably. Oxygen stress induced a 5.5 kD protein in B. longum JI 1 of the oxygen-teolerant bifidobacteria, that was named Osp protein, and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was as follows: unknown amino acid-Thr-Gly-Val-Arg-Phe-Ser-Asp-Asp-Glu. Therefore, the oxygen-tolerant bifidobacteria seemed to defend against oxygen stress byincreasing the content of short fatty acid and cyclopropane fatty acid, and induction of an oxygen stress protein, but not the plasmalogen.

  • PDF

Immunosignature: Serum Antibody Profiling for Cancer Diagnostics

  • Chapoval, Andrei I;Legutki, J Bart;Stafford, Philip;Trebukhov, Andrey V;Johnston, Stephen A;Shoikhet, Yakov N;Lazarev, Alexander F
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.16 no.12
    • /
    • pp.4833-4837
    • /
    • 2015
  • Biomarkers for preclinical diagnosis of cancer are valuable tools for detection of malignant tumors at early stages in groups at risk and screening healthy people, as well as monitoring disease recurrence after treatment of cancer. However the complexity of the body's response to the pathological processes makes it virtually impossible to evaluate this response to the development of the disease using a single biomarker that is present in the serum at low concentrations. An alternative approach to standard biomarker analysis is called immunosignature. Instead of going after biomarkers themselves this approach rely on the analysis of the humoral immune response to molecular changes associated with the development of pathological processes. It is known that antibodies are produced in response to proteins expressed during cancer development. Accordingly, the changes in antibody repertoire associated with tumor growth can serve as biomarkers of cancer. Immunosignature is a highly sensitive method for antibody repertoire analysis utilizing high density peptide microarrays. In the present review we discuss modern methods for antibody detection, as well as describe the principles and applications of immunosignature in research and clinical practice.

Metabolomic Response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to the Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) by Rapamycin

  • Lee, Do Yup;Fiehn, Oliver
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.23 no.7
    • /
    • pp.923-931
    • /
    • 2013
  • Rapamycin, known as an inhibitor of Target of Rapamycin (TOR), is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Despite the close association of the TOR signaling cascade with various scopes of metabolism, it has not yet been thoroughly investigated at the metabolome level. In our current study, we applied mass spectrometric analysis for profiling primary metabolism in order to capture the responsive dynamics of the Chlamydomonas metabolome to the inhibition of TOR by rapamycin. Accordingly, we identified the impact of the rapamycin treatment at the level of metabolomic phenotypes that were clearly distinguished by multivariate statistical analysis. Pathway analysis pinpointed that inactivation of the TCA cycle was accompanied by the inhibition of cellular growth. Relative to the constant suppression of the TCA cycle, most amino acids were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner by longer exposure to rapamycin treatment, after an initial down-regulation at the early stage of exposure. Finally, we explored the isolation of the responsive metabolic factors into the rapamycin treatment and the culture duration, respectively.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Current Knowledge on Breast Implant Associated-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

  • Yoo, Hyokyung;Park, Ji-Ung;Chang, Hak
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
    • /
    • v.49 no.2
    • /
    • pp.141-149
    • /
    • 2022
  • Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently spotlighted T-cell origin non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with an increasing incidence of over 800 cases and 33 deaths reported worldwide. Development of BIA-ALCL is likely a complex process involving many factors, such as the textured implant surface, bacterial biofilm growth, immune response, and patient genetics. As the incidence of BIA-ALCL is expected to increase, it is important for all surgeons and physicians to be aware of this disease entity and acquire thorough knowledge of current evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are the foundations of current care.