• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-107
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• 2010

A comprehensive electronic trade portal such as the electronic bills of lading, e-negotiations and so on, is developed by the Korea Ministry of Knowledge Economy and International Trade Association and serviced by KTNET. The portal, so called u-TradeHub, formally started to provide its services on 22nd May, 2009. If the shipper issues electronic bills of lading, the negotiating bank examines it through the established e-Nego system. However, the issuing bank overseas cannot examine the electronic bills of lading, because any interactive system does not exist. So, after the e-Nego, the electronic bills of lading gets automatically transformed into the paper-type electronic bills of lading and issuing bank examine paper B/L. In process of examining documents, the beneficiary using electronic means in letter of credit transactions may face some risks such as the corruption to the electronic bill of lading after its issuance by the carrier, the corruption after e-Nego and the corruption after the presentation to the issuing bank. In this paper, we studied the problems on corruptions to occur in the middle of the examination process of the electronic bills of lading and suggestions how to solve them are discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.580-585
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• 1998

The study was conducted to determine if variation in protein yield can be explained by expressions of early lactation somatic cell score (SCS) and if prediction can be improved by including SCS among the predictors. A data set was prepared (n = 663,438) from Wisconsin Dairy Improvement Association (USA) records for protein yield with sample days near 20. Stepwise regression was used requiring F statistic (p < .01) for any variable to stay in the model. Separate analyses were run for 12 combinations of four seasons and first three parities. Selection of SCS variables was not consistent across seasons or lactations. Coefficients of detennination ($R^2$) ranged from 51 to 61% with higher values for earlier lactations. Including any expression of SCS in the prediction equations improved $R^2$ by < 1 %. SCS was associated with milk yield on the sample day, but the association was not strong enough to improve the prediction of future yield when other expressions of milk yield were in the model.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.353-363
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• 2005

For a ring endomorphism $\alpha$ and an $\alpha$-derivation $\delta$, we introduce ($\alpha$, $\delta$)-skew Armendariz rings which are a generalization of $\alpha$-rigid rings and Armendariz rings, and investigate their properties. A semi prime left Goldie ring is $\alpha$-weak Armendariz if and only if it is $\alpha$-rigid. Moreover, we study on the relationship between the Baerness and p.p. property of a ring R and these of the skew polynomial ring R[x; $\alpha$, $\delta$] in case R is ($\alpha$, $\delta$)-skew Armendariz. As a consequence we obtain a generalization of [11], [14] and [16].

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2002

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate(FDP), a glycolytic metabolite, is reported to ameliorate inflammation and inhibit the nitric oxide production in murine macrophages stimulated with endotoxin. It is also reported that FDP has cytoprotective effects against hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion injury in brain and heart, and may play a protective role in ultraviolet B (UVB, 280~320 nm)-injured keratinocyte by attenuating prostaglandin (PG)-E$_2$production and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, which are possibly through blocking the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Therefore FDP is considered to act as a potent antioxidant especially in the skin. We conducted the several safety tests (single-dose toxicity, primary skin irritation test, eye irritation test, skin sensitization test, phototoxicity test, photosenitization test and human patch test) to see if FDP is safe in case used for the skin application. Our data obtained hitherto suggest that FDP is very safe if applied to the skin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 1990

Alpha-interferon was produced by using recombinant Escherichia coli strains, which carry cloned alpha-interferon gene in plasmid vectors, pIF-III-B and pIF-III-C. With the aid of signal sequence of E. coli lipoprotein, which is placed right in front of the upstream of the cloned alpha-interferon gene of the plasmids, about 50% of alpha-interferon produced was excreted or secreted. Meanwhile, there was no extracellular production of alpha-interferon from the recombinant strain carrying the plasmid Hif-2h that lacks the signal sequence of lipoprotein.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

Let ｛X/sun ni/ ｜ 1 ≤ i ≤ n, n ≥ 1 ｝ be an array of rowwise negatively associated random variables. We in this paper discuss the conditions of n/sup -1/p/ (equation omitted) →0 completely as n → ∞ for some 1 ≤ p < 2 under not necessarily identically distributed setting. As application, it is obtained that n/sup -1/p/ (equation omitted) →0 completely as n → ∞ if and only if E｜X/sub 11/｜/sup 2p/ < ∞ and EX/sub ni=0 under identically distributed case such that the corresponding results on i. i. d. case are extended and the strong convergence for weighted sums of rowwise negatively associated arrays is also considered.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.505-513
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• 2009

Let {$X_k;k{\in}N^d$} be centered and identically distributed random field which is asymptotically negative dependent in a certain case. In this note we prove that for $p{\alpha}$ > 1 and ${\alpha}$ > ${\frac{1}{2}}$ $E{\mid}X_1{\mid}^p(log^+{\mid}X_1{\mid}^{d-1})$ < ${\infty}$ if and only if ${\sum}_n{\mid}n{\mid}^{p{\alpha}-2}P$($max_{1{\leq}k{\leq}n{\mid}S_k{\mid}}$ > ${\epsilon}{\mid}n{\mid}$) < ${\infty}$ for all ${\epsilon}$ > 0, where log$^+$x = max{1,log x}.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2021

Let R be a ring with characteristic different from 2. An additive mapping F : R → R is called a generalized derivation on R if there exists a derivation d : R → R such that F(xy) = F(x)y + xd(y) holds for all x, y ∈ R. In the present paper, we show that if R is a prime ring satisfying certain identities involving a generalized derivation F associated with a derivation d, then R becomes commutative and in some cases d comes out to be zero (i.e., F becomes a left centralizer). We provide some counter examples to justify that the restrictions imposed in the hypotheses of our theorems are not superfluous.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.697-711
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• 2017

Let X, Y be real normed vector spaces. We exhibit all the solutions $f:X{\rightarrow}Y$ of the functional equation f(rx + sy) + rsf(x - y) = rf(x) + sf(y) for all $x,y{\in}X$, where r, s are nonzero real numbers satisfying r + s = 1. In particular, if Y is a Banach space, we investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability problem of the equation. We also investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability problem on a restricted domain of the following form ${\Omega}{\cap}\{(x,y){\in}X^2:{\parallel}x{\parallel}+{\parallel}y{\parallel}{\geq}d\}$, where ${\Omega}$ is a rotation of $H{\times}H{\subset}X^2$ and $H^c$ is of the first category. As a consequence, we obtain a measure zero Hyers-Ulam stability of the above equation when $f:\mathbb{R}{\rightarrow}Y$.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2003

Chimeric animals are referred to as an organism composed of tissues derived from more than one species. In order to examine if a pluripotency of embryonic stem cells can cross the limitation of a species, we tried to establish human-mouse chimeric animals. Human embryonic stem cells were genetically modified to express eGFP using eukaryonic expression vector pcDNA 3.1 (In Vitrogene) for an easy identification. After selection with neomycin, approximately 15 cells were implanted into mouse blastocoele cavity. Ten chimeric blastocysts were transferred to one of the uterine horn of 2.5 days pesudopregnent ICR female. Out of 272 blastocysts transferred to pseudopregnant recipients 20 live newborn were obtained after 20 days. When newborn were obtained, pups were quickly removed immersed into 4% PFA. By histological examination using fluorescent microscope, green fluorescence was observed from the liver, heart, and spleen in newborn mice. Three weeks after born, presence of eGFP sequence within mouse genome (tail and kidney) was reconfirmed by PCR. eGFP sequence was amplified from the progenies of the animal suggesting a genetic transmission of the transgene. These chimeric mice having human cells at the beginning of development, are expected to recognize human cells as “self”, therefore, human cells or tissues will be able to escape the immunological surveillance of the host if grafted into the animal. These animals will serve as a good model system for studying the graft rejection in tissue transplantation and the potential of the cells to work well in many human disease.