• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

RCS-e 사용자와 SMS 사용자간 메시지를 주고받기 위해서는 RCS-e 사용자가 메시지를 보내기 전 SMS 사용자의 프레즌스 정보를 알 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 RCS-e 표준 규격 상으로는 SMS 사용자의 프레즌스 정보를 조회할 수 없는 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 RCS-e 관련 서버 기능을 일부 수정하여 기존 RCS-e 클라이언트 기능의 수정 없이 SMS 사용자의 프레즌스 정보를 RCS-e 사용자가 클라이언트를 통해 조회할 수 있는 소프트웨어 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이를 위해 각 장비 간 호 처리 흐름을 정의하였으며 SMS 가입자에 대한 RCS-e 서비스 별 Tag 및 서비스 튜플을 정의하였다. 또한 성능 평가를 통해 제안하는 방법이 네트워크에 추가적인 부하를 주지 않는다는 것을 증명하였다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important healthcare-associated infection since last two decades. ChromID VRE agar (cIDVA) is useful for VRE rectal swab screening. We investigated all VRE were isolated on the cIDVA. A total of 363 rectal swabs of 85 patients to test VRE screening were inoculated into bile-esculin (B-E) broth with $6{\mu}g/mL$ vancomycin. After 24 hours incubation, we subcultured B-E broths were changed to black onto cIDVA. All isolates were identified by the MICROSCAN and VITEK2. The vanA gene and vancomycin minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were detected by PCR and E-test respectively. 277 E. faecium (84.7%), 16 E. faecalis (4.9%), 25 E. avium (7.6%), 8 E. gallinarum (2.4%) and 1 E. raffinosus (0.3%) were isolated. 10.3% of VRE detected on cIDVA were other than E. faecium and E. faecalis that presented various color from colorless to pale violet. All isolates contained vanA and vancomycin MIC were > $256{\mu}g/mL$. VRE isolates other than E. faecium and E. faecalis should be objective to the contact precautions for healthcare-associated infection control if they possess vanA gene. Due to emerging enterococci carrying vanA such as E. avium, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus, VRE surveillance should be expanded to all isolates on chromogenic agar.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-71
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• 2007

This study identified the effectiveness of e-learning by comparing learning outcome in conventional face-to-face lecture with the selected e-learning methods. Two e-learning contents (animation based and video based) were developed based on the rapid prototyping model and loaded onto the learning management system (LMS), which is http://www.enaged.co.kr. Fifty-four Korean agricultural high school students were randomly assigned into three groups (face-to-face lecture, animation based e-learning, and video based e-learning group). The students of the e-learning group logged on the LMS in school computer lab and completed each e-learning. All students were required to take a pretest and posttest before and after learning under the direction of the subject teacher. A one-way analysis of covariance was administered to verify whether there was any difference between face-to-face lecture and e-learning in terms of students' learning outcomes after controlling the covariate variable, pretest score. According to the results, no differences between animation based and video based e-learning as well as between face-to-face learning and e-learning were identified. Findings suggest that the use of well designed e-learning could be worthy even in agricultural education, which stresses hands-on experience and lab activities if e-learning was used appropriately in combination with conventional learning. Further research is also suggested, focusing on a preference of e-learning content type and its relationship with learning outcome.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.1007-1025
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• 2015

Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ be the set of non-negative integers, and let P(n, l) denote the set of all weak compositions of n with l parts, i.e., $P(n,l)=\{(x_1,x_2,{\cdots},x_l){\in}\mathbb{N}^l_0\;:\;x_1+x_2+{\cdots}+x_l=n\}$. For any element $u=(u_1,u_2,{\cdots},u_l){\in}P(n,l)$, denote its ith-coordinate by u(i), i.e., $u(i)=u_i$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be t-intersecting if ${\mid}\{i:u(i)=v(i)\}{\mid}{\geq}t$ for all $u,v{\epsilon}A$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be trivially t-intersecting if there is a t-set T of $[l]=\{1,2,{\cdots},l\}$ and elements $y_s{\in}\mathbb{N}_0(s{\in}T)$ such that $A=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=yj\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\}$. We prove that given any positive integers l, t with $l{\geq}2t+3$, there exists a constant $n_0(l,t)$ depending only on l and t, such that for all $n{\geq}n_0(l,t)$, if $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is non-trivially t-intersecting, then $${\mid}A{\mid}{\leq}(^{n+l-t-l}_{l-t-1})-(^{n-1}_{l-t-1})+t$$. Moreover, equality holds if and only if there is a t-set T of [l] such that $$A=\bigcup_{s{\in}[l]{\backslash}T}\;A_s{\cup}\{q_i:i{\in}T\}$$, where $$A_s=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=0\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\;and\;u(s)=0\}$$ and $$q_i{\in}P(n,l)\;with\;q_i(j)=0\;fo\;all\;j{\in}[l]{\backslash}\{i\}\;and\;q_i(i)=n$$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권4B호
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• pp.624-628
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 CDMA 단말기의 전기적 성능에 관한 최소의 요구 사항을 명기한 IS-98B의 항목에서 CDMA 파형의 질(Waveform Quality)을 규정하는 항목인 트래픽로(Traffic Rho)가 최소 성능에 만족하지 않을 경우 CDMA 단말기에 나타나는 현상을 분석하고, CDMA단말기 디자인시 단말기 송신부의 IF(Intermediate Frequency)단에서 TX IF SAW FILTER의 매칭회로를 개선하고 송신단 전원인 3.0V -TX를 발생시키는 LDO(Low Dropout Regulator)의 노이즈 발생을 차단하여 트래픽로 문제 해결방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법을 적용한 후의 파형과 적용전의 파형을 HP8924C 와 HP8595E을 이용하여 비교하여 성능을 개선됨을 보였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

A software GNSS signal generator for the GPS L1/L2/L5 and Galileo E1/E5 signals is proposed in this paper. And this signal generator is designed and implemented with several components by considering the reuse and expansion of components for similar GNSS signals. The characteristics of the reusability of the components are confirmed with the carrier generation and the band-pass filter components. And the functionality of the GNSS multi-band IF signal generator is validated by using the commercial software GPS L1 receiver, and the performance of signal acquisition, tracking and accuracy of horizontal position error are analyzed for this validation. As a result, the GPS L1 signal generator operates successfully and it could be expected that other signal generators also operate well because most of components are the same as those of the GPS L1 signal generator.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2011

A bounded linear operator T on a complex Banach space X is said to have property (I) provided that T has Bishop's property (${\beta}$) and there exists an integer p > 0 such that for a closed subset F of ${\mathbb{C}}$ ${X_T}(F)={E_T}(F)=\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\in}{\mathbb{C}}{\backslash}F}(T-{\lambda})^PX$ for all closed sets $F{\subseteq}{\mathbb{C}}$, where $X_T$(F) denote the analytic spectral subspace and $E_T$(F) denote the algebraic spectral subspace of T. Easy examples are provided by normal operators and hyponormal operators in Hilbert spaces, and more generally, generalized scalar operators and subscalar operators in Banach spaces. In this paper, we prove that if T has property (I), then the quasi-nilpotent part $H_0$(T) of T is given by $$KerT^P=\{x{\in}X:r_T(x)=0\}={\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\neq}0}(T-{\lambda})^PX$$ for all sufficiently large integers p, where ${r_T(x)}=lim\;sup_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\parallel}T^nx{\parallel}^{\frac{1}{n}}$. We also prove that if T has property (I) and the spectrum ${\sigma}$(T) is finite, then T is algebraic. Finally, we prove that if $T{\in}L$(X) has property (I) and has decomposition property (${\delta}$) then T has a non-trivial invariant closed linear subspace.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2019

Let R be an associative ring with identity, M a t.u.p. monoid with only one unit and ${\omega}:M{\rightarrow}End(R)$ a monoid homomorphism. Let R be a reversible, M-compatible ring and ${\alpha}=a_1g_1+{\cdots}+a_ng_n$ a non-zero element in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$. It is proved that if there exists a non-zero element ${\beta}=b_1h_1+{\cdots}+b_mh_m$ in $R{\ast}M$ with ${\alpha}{\beta}=c$ is a constant, then there exist $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$, $1{\leq}j_0{\leq}m$ such that $g_{i_0}=e=h_{j_0}$ and $a_{i_0}b_{j_0}=c$ and there exist elements a, $0{\neq}r$ in R with ${\alpha}r=ca$. As a consequence, it is proved that ${\alpha}{\in}R*M$ is unit if and only if there exists $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$ such that $g_{i_0}=e$, $a_{i_0}$ is unit and aj is nilpotent for each $j{\neq}i_0$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring. Furthermore, we determine the relation between clean and nil clean elements of R and those elements in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2023

Word templates exist for select journals, and their primary objective is to facilitate submissions to those journals, thereby optimizing editors' and publishers' time and resources by ensuring that the desired style (e.g., of sections, references, etc.) is followed. However, if multiple unrelated authors use the exact same template, a risk exists that some text might be erroneously cloned if template-based papers are not carefully screened by authors, journal editors or proof copyeditors. Elsevier Procedia® was used as an example. Select cloned text, presumably derived from MS Word templates used for submissions to Elsevier Procedia® journals, was assessed using Science Direct. Typically, in academic publishing, identical text is screened using text similarity software during the submission process, and if detected, may be flagged as plagiarism. After searching for "heading should be left justified, bold, with the first letter capitalized", 44 Elsevier Procedia® papers were found to be positive for vestigial template text. The integrity of the information in these papers has been compromised, so these errors should be corrected with an erratum, or in the case of extensive errors and vast tracts (e.g., pages long) of template text, papers should be retracted and republished.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2016

Book adaptation has been considered an effective strategy in filmmaking. This paper examines the relationship between the box office sales and the performance of its original book focusing on category extension, especially investigating reciprocal spillover effect from a movie to the book. With empirical data, two-way causality between performance of the extension brand (i.e., movies) and that of the parent brand (i.e., books) was examined to test the existence of reciprocal spillover effect. In addition, a linear model was used to test the moderating roles of extension characteristics. The results revealed that the higher the movie's box office sales, the higher the original book's sales after movie's release. The authors also found moderation effects such that if the book has high level of brand awareness prior to movie's release, or if there is a movie tie-in version, or when the book is mentioned in movie trailer, or if the movie is released shortly after the book's publication, then the strength of spillover effect is superior. The current empirical investigation is meaningful considering it provides implications to both buyers and sellers of the extension rights, contributing to the literature of reciprocal spillover effects in category extension.