• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.33
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• pp.277-308
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• 2007

Northeast Asia Nations introduced each single window system for simplifying the customs clearance procedures in order to prevent the rekeying the customs and trade-related data. A single window is a means for enabling users to complete all the necessary import/export procedures in a single input and by single transmission by linking the related system. WCO recommends CDM, UCR, ACI that completed by WCO's own projects for assist to establish the single window for customs clearance. Northeast Asia Nations such as Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan undertook trade process reengineering for introducing single window for customs clearance. Korea and Japan introduced a e-customs systems as a good single window system. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to construction of the efficient single window system for customs clearance by studying e-customs cases in Northeast Asia Nations.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.60
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• pp.213-234
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• 2013

e-Trade 3.0 era which means the expansion of seamless e-Trade process into global business has been come. e-Trade is in the evolution stage with the reflection of time changes and IT development. Furthermore e-Trade marketing method of SMEs has been generalized. However, SMEs have not utilized e-Trade marketing very actively even if it has much benefits in exploring overseas marketing. In this regard this paper has cautiously suggested the strategic using plan of e-Marketplace and SNS along with policy improvement in order to promote extensive diffusion of e-Trade marketing. First of all, a comprehensive evaluation system has to be developed for the assessment of overseas marketing program and provide organized guideline including SMEs support system. Also e-Marketplace operation company is necessary to invent management system for supervising and detecting risk factors of participating firms and business model to share information which each e-Marketplace possesses through mutual connection. Finally, the effective supports such as short-term education and acting operation of initial account to use SNS strategically are needed and continuous contents development to adopt SNS is absolute.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.53
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• pp.233-264
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• 2012

This study proposes and verifies an integrated model that reflects and helps to explain complexities and comprehensiveness of e-Trade in practice. The primary objective was to widen and deepen our understanding about the phenomena of paperless trading which will enable us to formulate an effective means to promote the adoption and utilization of e-Trade infrastructure. This investigation combined and extended the theories and models of TAM, TOE framework, and TTF in order to identify and hypothesize the causal relationships between factors of technology, organization and environment, and the usage level and performance of e-Trade. The previous research on e-Trade was reviewed and incorporated into the extended model. The integrated model was tested based on the survey data collected from a sample of 417 trading firms. Overall, the regression and path analysis demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed model as a conceptual framework for better understanding and explanation of e-Trade. The result of the analysis implies the relevancy of the factors of technology, organization and environment for facilitating usage of and increasing performance of e-Trade. However, rejection of a few hypothesized relationships implies the necessity of extensive promotion and education about the related laws and regulations, and education, supervision and incentives for e-Trade practitioners.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.52
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• pp.47-71
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• 2011

This thesis examines the problems faced in the electronic trade platform for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. Practical implications regarding the advancement of Korea's u-TradeHub system are as follows. First, from the technical and legal aspects, to make up for a lack of support systems for spread of users, it is required to promote customized advertising strategies through Ministry of Knowledge Economy and establish a global certification system. Second, document standardization and digitalization should be achieved in advance to make the documents distributed through the e-Trade platform in a seamless manner. Furthermore, an ongoing global network development project should be promoted through the e-Trade platform to achieve standardization. Third, from the operational aspect, it is important to maintain an integrated and systematic relationship with related organizations. Because vertical integration among logistics service providers and GSCM are enabled through the e-Trade platform, it is necessary to standardize global network-based linkage and operating systems.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.233-257
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• 2009

The 21st century is witnessing the explosive increase in the usage of internet and international electronic transactions. Due to the unique characteristics of the electronic information, substantial part of such transaction can and do take the form of cross-border transactions. However, there have not been settled appropriate set of rules applicable to the international electronic transactions. Currently, in respect to e-L/C transactions in international trade, there are laws such as Electronic Transaction Basic Act in our country, E-Trade Promotion Act, E-Signature Law, Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information Protection and Marine Charter 5 in the Commercial Law. Nevertheless, a complete legislation, that is a uniform rule for e L/C which could support e L/C transactions fully hasn't been established yet. Accordingly, those laws concerned need to improve to regulate e-L/C transactions. The purpose of this paper is to look into the national status for law readjustment to prepare for a new electronic environment and to use appropriately the e-L/C issued by electronic means, and to conduct a comparative analysis on the related regulations to introduce a pertinent laws and propose related regulations to contribute to the making of effective laws to regulate e-L/C.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.71
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• pp.217-243
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• 2016

As the rapid development of IT and the internet changed the trading method from the traditional offline transaction into the online e-Trading, the international documentation standards, the eUCP and the domestic laws and legislations have been established, adapting to the new e-Trading environment. This study was conducted to analyze the factors which affect the use of uTradeHub on the domestic trading companies and trade-related organizations and suggest how to activate e-Trading. To do this, classify the users into the enterprises and the trade-related organizations, set up the hypothesis of the study with the measurement variables of the user convenience, the new service, the system suitability and the legislation environment and carry out a survey targeting the trading companies and the trade-related offices to do an actual proof analysis. The analysis was performed by using the statistical program, SPSS IBM22.0, and the study hypothesis was tested by the multiple regression analysis methodology. The test result showed that the trading companies set a high value on the user convenience, the new service and the legislation environment of uTradeHub, meanwhile the trade-related organizations regarded the system security and reliability, the user convenience and the legislation environment as the major affecting factor on the use of uTradeHub.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.30
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• pp.27-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify key obstacles to the adoption of electronic bill of lading and to suggest an effective way to promote the utilization of electronic bill of lading in international trade field. This study finds that all the respondants have not used 'true' electronic bill of lading that is issued and distributed electronically, and most of them agreed the needs of e-B/L adoption, but their intentions to adopt e-B/L remain very low in the present situation. Five obstacles to the adoption of e-B/L were derived from an explanatory factor analysis: 'integration' factor, 'law institution' factor, 'usability' factor, 'economic efficiency' factor, and 'security' factor. Solutions to promote the utilization of e-B/L in international trade field are as follows; Firstly, to endow e-B/L with the legal force through amending relevant laws including the commercial law. Secondly, to conclude the relevant international agreement, and to carry out joint projects between nations are needed. Thirdly, to conduct publicity campaigns is required to increase the understanding of the concepts and benefits of e-B/L to all concerned parties. Fourthly, stable and reliable system must be constructed with high level security. Fifthly, to readjust the service fee of e-B/L system to a realistic level is to be needed in order for user companies to use e-B/L service.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.68
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose a new mechanism for the global transmission of electronic trade documents and to promote them using it. Trade settlement methods are changed from L/C bases to non-L/C bases and in particular, the telegraphic transfer is dramatically increased since mid 1990. But the status of transmission of electronic trade documents still rely on the letter of credit and bill of lading. So it need to change the process of transmission of electronic trade documents utilizing non-negotiable sea waybill instead of bill of lading. In this study, I pointed out two problems as obstacle factors in global transmission of electronic trade documents. First is the system connection problem between domestic and foreign banks and second is the electronic right transfer problem in the bill of lading. Electronic bill of lading has already been made, but are not used and e-Nego has also not been activated under the above issues. Therefore, it should be solved previously the above problems for the global transmission of electronic trade documents under the letters of credit. However, in transactions of transfer, it does not need the inter-bank connection and also does not occur the electronic right transfer problem of bill of lading if using the non-negotiable seaway bill instead of bill of lading. In this paper, I recommend the global transmission strategies of e-trade documents using the non-negotiable sea waybill in transactions of transfer. Hopefully, I expect the activation of global transmission of e-trade documents through the utilization of electronic non-negotiable sea waybill as suggested by this study.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.243-282
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• 2013

This study aims to develop the research model about the factors that have impact on uTradeHub users' acceptance and resistance to innovation. The followings show the research hypotheses and the results of test. i) The result of H1 empirical analysis confirmed that relative advantage and task adaptedness of e-Trade have more impact on acceptance of innovation than on resistance to it. And also perceived risk and complicity of e-Trade have more impact on resistance of innovation than on acceptance to it. ii) The result of H2 analysis confirmed that the characteristics of foreign trading companies (support by CEO and IT infra maturity) has more impact on acceptance of innovation than on resistance to it. iii) The result of H3 analysis confirmed that characteristics of uTradeHub user' resistance has more impact on resistance of innovation than on acceptance to it. And also, it was confirmed that acceptance of innovation has more impact on the diffusion of e-Trade than resistance to innovation. iv) The result of H4 analysis confirmed that the difference of the degree and factors that has impact on the user's resistance and acceptance by adoption stage of e-Trade. This study has significance in that it arranges the concept and stages of e-Trade systematically and, unlike other studies, it goes beyond the acceptance and diffusion of e-Trade to the inclusion of resistance together in the model.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.44
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• pp.213-238
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• 2009

This thesis examines the problems faced in the clearance procedures of Korea's e-customs system for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. Practical implications regarding the advancement of Korea's e-customs system are as follows. First, the substructure of the e-customs clearance system, which is the basis for the establishment of a global single window, should be developed into a more modern and advanced system. Second, additional improvements in the law are required to render the broad array of Internet-based export and import documents legally binding. Third, customized services should be provided in order to improve the operating efficiency of the e-customs clearance system. Fourth, the reputation of Korea's e-customs clearance system should be raised via the strengthening of a cooperative system between concerned parties, including exporters and importers. This innovative approach to systematic improvements will come about when we can simplify current customs clearance procedures and establish a fairer customs inspection administration regime. Additionally, when we review the methods intrinsic to our customs system, we must emphasize the urgency of proper completion of related systems and arrangements in the trade business and similar fields.