• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

Objectives: Laboratories have various latent physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomical factors according to the diversification and fusion of research and development activities. This study aims to investigate the chemical exposure concentrations of college laboratories and evaluate their health risks, and use them as basic data to promote the health of college students. Methods: The sampling and analysis of harmful chemicals in the air in laboratories were performed using Method 1500 of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)의 Method 1500. The harmful chemicals in the laboratories were divided into carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals. Risk assessment was performed using the cancer risk (CR) for carcinogenic chemicals and using the hazard index (HI) for non-carcinogenic chemicals. Results: The harmful chemicals in college laboratories consisted of acetone, diethyl ether, methylene chloride, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and xylenes. They showed the highest concentrations in laboratories A (acetone 0.001~2.34ppm), B (chloroform 0.95~6.35ppm), C (diethyl ether 0.08~8.68ppm), and D (acetone 0.07~14.96ppm). The risk assessment result for non-carcinogenic chemicals showed that the HI of methylene chloride was 2.052 for men and 2.333 for women, the HI of N-hexane was 4.442 for men and 5.05 for women. Thus, the HI values were higher than 1. The risk of carcinogenic chemicals is determined by an excess cancer risk (ECR) value of 1.0×10^-5, which means that one in 100,000 people has a cancer risk. The ECRs of chloroform exceeded 1.0×10^-5 for both men and women, indicating the possibility of cancer risk. Conclusion: College laboratories showed the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risks for methylene chloride, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and xylenes, and carcinogenic health risks for chloroform, methylene chloride. However, this study used the maximum values of measurements to determine the worst case, and assumed that the subjects were exposed to the corresponding concentrations continuously for 8 hours per day for 300 days per year. In consideration of the nature of laboratory environment in which people are intermittently exposed, rather than continuously, to the chemicals, the results of this study has an element of overestimation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

Purpose - A trading area is very closely related to consumer life. A trading area is a cultural and social space that consumes culture and promotes human relationships as well as an economic space where consumers live their daily lives. In this context, a trading area research should be conducted objectively and empirically because it deals with the activities of consumer's life. The purpose of this study is to identify the intrinsic psychological motivation(push motivation) caused when consumers visit a trading area and to demonstrate how the push motivation for a trading area influence on consumer's flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to develop research hypotheses for this study, the development procedures for push motivation scale are as follows; (1) generating initial pool of items based on previous studies, (2) expert judgement to evaluate content and face validity, and (3) assessing convergent and discriminant validity using confirmatory factor analysis. In order to achieve these purposes, online surveys were conducted on frequent or familiar visitors to the trading areas around the Gangnam, Kunkuk University and Hongik University Station. Among the 1,343 questionnaires collected, 1,157 cases were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program, except for 186 responses in which responses were judged to be unfaithful. Results - The push motivation was classified into five sub-dimensions of excitement/stimulus, rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and human relationship promotion as multidimensional and complex factors composed of individual and social-related dimensions. The excitement/stimulus and human relationship promotion of push motivation have positive effects on satisfaction. However, all dimensions of the push motivation have positive effects on flow. And flow has a positive effect on satisfaction and revisit intention. Meanwhile, the mediation test using boostrapping shows that flow plays a full mediating role in the relationship between rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and satisfaction, but a partial mediating rol e between excitement/stimulus, human relationship promotion and satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction plays a partial mediating role between flow and revisit intention. Conclusions - This study shows that the push motivation is multidimensional and compositive depending on the situation of a consumer. In addition, it is found that the human relationship promotion(a social-related motivation) has a much more important effect on flow and satisfaction than other push motivations of individual dimensions. It also shows that satisfaction increases when consumers are being flowed at their visit and degree of revisit intention also grows as satisfaction increases. As implications of this study, a marketer should try to understand consumer's visit motivation at first and then develop factors that increase their flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. It also requires a marketer to approach subjects on a trading area more objectively and empirically based on the psychology and behavior of consumers, in order to establish a proper and efficient strategy on development of a trading area.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.738-742
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• 2005

고령화 현상에 의한 노인 인구의 증가에 따라 노인성 질환연구의 중요성이 대두되고 있으며, 특히 노인성 질환 중 가장 문제되는 치매(dementia)에서 노인성 치매(Alzhemier's disease)는 복합적 인 원인에 의 해서 나타나므로 다양한 관점에서의 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 마우스에 scopolamin(30 mg/kg BW)을 투여하여 기억${\cdot}$학습장애를 유발하고, 뇌조직의 아세틸콜린 및 그 관련 효소에 미치는 도토리 분말의 영향을 분석하였다. 뇌의 가장 중요한 신경전달 물질로서 아세틸콜린 생성에 미치는 도토리 분말 투여효과를 비교하였을 때, AP-5및 AP-10 투여군에서 $4.2\%$ 및 $11.3\%$의 ACh 합성이 증가하는 경향이 나타났으며, ACh의 분해효소인 acetylcholinesterase(AChE)의 활성은 AP-5 및 AP-10의 도토리 분말 투여군에서 $13.5\%$ 및 $17.6\%$로서 AChE효소활성이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그리고 카테롤아민계 신경전달물질의 파괴에 관계하는MAO-B효소의 활성은 AP-5 및 AP-10의 도토리 분말 투여군에서 $10.0\%$ 및 $12.7\%$로서 도토리 분말 투여에 의해 MAO-B효소활성이 현저하게 억제되었다. 따라서 도토리는 AChE 효소의 활성을 저해하여 ACh의 농도를 높일 뿐만 아니라 MAO-B효소의 활성을 효과적으로 억제하여 카테콜아민계 신경전달물질을 잘 보존함으로써 치매 예방에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권5_2호
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• pp.747-763
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• 2022

해양 염분은 전 지구 규모에서 해수 순환에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 연·근해 지역 저염분수가 어족자원 및 수산업에 피해를 줄 수 있는 등 해양 식생환경의 변화를 줄 수 있다. 해수의 표면 특성인 sea surface salinity (SSS)에 따라 마이크로웨이브 영역의 방사율이 달라지며, 이를 통해 Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) 등 위성 센서를 활용한 SSS 산출물이 제공되고 있다. 하지만 마이크로파 위성 센서 기반의 SSS 산출물은 낮은 시공간해상도로 자료를 생산하며, 연안지역과 고위도 지역에서 정확도가 낮다. 이러한 이유로 연·근해 지역 SSS의 상세한 시공간적 변화를 관측하기에는 적합하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 Jang et al. (2022)에서 제시한 기계학습 기반의 개선된 SMAP SSS (SMAP SSS (Jang))를 참조자료로 활용하여, 정지궤도해색센서(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, GOCI) 영상으로부터 고해상도 SSS를 추정하는 Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) 기반의 모델을 개발하였다. 3가지 입력변수 조합을 테스트하였고, Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (SST) 자료가 추가된 scheme 3가 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다(R² = 0.60, RMSE = 0.91 psu). 이를 바탕으로 본 연구영역에서 SST가 SSS 모의에 효과적인 환경변수로 작용함을 보였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 LGBM 기반의 GOCI SSS는 SMAP SSS (Jang)와 비슷한 시공간적 패턴을 보였지만, 더 높은 공간해상도를 바탕으로 SSS의 보다 상세한 공간적 분포와 더불어 SMAP SSS (Jang)에서 산출하지 않는 연안 지역의 정보까지 모의하였다. 또한, 중국 남방지역에 대홍수가 발생하였던 2020년 8월을 대상으로 양자강 유출수(Changjiang Diluted Water)의 거동을 분석한 결과, GOCI SSS는 한국 해양수산연구원의 보도자료와 비교하여 일관성 있는 시공간적 변화를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과로 연안 지역의 저염수 뿐 아니라, 원해 지역에서 광학위성 신호를 활용한 고해상도 SSS 산출의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) personality type and academic achievement of Korean medical students. A total of 97 (57 men, 40 women; ages 24 to 36) fourth-year Korean medical students participated in this study. The MBTI questionnaire was administered to all the students for identification of their personality type and academic performance. The results are as follows. First, the proportions of Personality type of Korean medical students were Extroversion (E) 33.0% - Introversion (I) 67.0%, Sensing (S) 70.1%- Intuition (N) 29.9%, Thinking (T) 58.8%- Feeling (F) 41.2%, and Judging (J) 54.6% - Perceiving (P) 45.3%. Second, the most common personality type was ISTJ (22.7%), followed by ISTP (13.4%), ISFJ (12.3%). Third, according to the analysis of this study, academic achievement was significantly related with their personality type in the preference : Sensing (S) - Intuition (N) and Judging (J)-Perceiving (P). In analysis of Sensing (S) - Intuition (N) and Judging (J)-Perceiving (P) index, Sensing (S) and Judging (J) type students had higher academic achievement than Intuition (N) and Perceiving (P) type students. This is the study to identify the characteristics of MBTI in Korean Medical students. The findings indicate that academic achievement was significantly related to their personality type in the preference. Using the results of MBTI in Korean medical students, is helpful in selection of appropriate teaching and learning strategies to provide better education.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

This study compared the effects of black, white, and red ginseng extracts (WGE, RGE, BGE, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) on learning and memory deficits associated with scopolamine treatment (SCOP, 2 mg/kg, i.p.). Tacrine (THA, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a positive control. Ginseng significantly reversed SCOP-induced memory impairment in the passiveavoidance test and also reduced escape latency in training trials of the Morris water maze test. The increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity produced by SCOP was significantly inhibited by WGE and RGE (p<0.001). SCOP administration had no effect on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, but RGE and BGE significantly increased ChAT activity (p<0.05). SCOP administration increased oxidative damage in the brain. Treatment of amnesic mice with ginseng extracts decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity to control levels. These results suggest that black ginseng enhances cognitive activity by regulation of cholinergic enzymes and antioxidant systems.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.456-463
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• 2011

The present study examined the effects of Korean white ginseng (WG, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) on the learning and memory function and the neural activity in rats with trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory deficits. The rats were administered with saline or WG (WG 100 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 21 days. The cognitive improving efficacy of WG on the amnesic rats, which was induced by TMT, was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze test and by performing immunohistochemistries on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The rats treated with TMT injection (control group) showed impaired learning and memory of the tasks, but the rats treated with TMT injection and WG administration produced significant improvement of the escape latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze at the 2nd and 4th days compared to that of the control group. In the retention test, the WG 100 and WG 300 groups showed significantly increased crossing number around the platform compared to that of the control group (p < 0.001). Consistently with the behavioral data, result of immunohistochemistry analysis showed that WG 100 mg/kg significantly alleviated the loss of BDNF-ir neurons in the hippocampus compared to that of the control group (p < 0.01). Also, treatment with WG has a trend to be increased the cholinergic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas as compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that WG may be useful for improving the cognitive function via regulation of neurotrophic activity.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.568-580
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• 2006

이 연구에서는 예비교사들이 생물학 가설을 생성함때 나타나는 4가지 감성 생성 유형을 fMRI 이용하여 객관적이고 실증적인 두뇌 활동에 대한 정보를 조사하였다. 연구를 위해 과학교육을 전공하는 건강한 여자 대학생 10명을 대상으로 3.0T scanner를 사용하여 492초 동안 두뇌 영상을 측정하였다. 측정한 후 언어적 보고 자료를 수집하여 fMRI 영상 자료의 신뢰도를 확보하였다 언어적 보고의 분석 결과 BGP RGP에서는 10명의 피험자가 CGP와 AGP에서는 8명의 피힘자가 유의미한 과학적 감성을 생성하였다. 이들 피험자를 대상으로 SPM2 프로그램을 사용하여 fMRI 영상 자료를 통계 처리하였다. 그 결과 GPSE의 4개 유형별로 독특한 두뇌 활성화 영역들이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 인지심리학적으로 규명된 4개의 감성 생성 과정이 두뇌에 실제로 존재한다는 것을 경생리학적으로 규명하였다는데 그 의의가 있다. 또한 과학교육에서 fMRI를 활용한 새로운 연구방법의 확립과 사례 연구를 제시하였다는데 큰 가치가 있다. 그리고 생물학가설 생성과정의 총체적 이해에 도움이될 것이다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.374-384
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 암석시료의 CT 촬영 이미지상의 균열을 자동으로 탐지하는 새로운 인공지능 딥러닝 기법을 제안한다. 본 제안 기법은 2단계 딥러닝 객체인식 알고르즘인 Faster R-CNN을 기반으로 회전 가능한 경계박스(bounding box) 개념을 도입하여 알고리즘을 개조하였다. 회전 경계박스의 도입은 관심 균열 영역 밖의 배경의 불균질성 및 균열의 크기와 형태에 영향을 받는 딥러닝 객체인식기법 상의 고유한 어려움을 극복하기 위한 핵심 역할을 한다. 본 회전형 경계박스의 사용은 일반적으로 사용되는 영상 수평축과 평행한 경계박스 사용의 경우와 비교하여 긴 형태의 균열 형상 특성에 매우 잘 부합된다. 즉, 좋지않은 영향을 끼치는 경계박스 내 균열 이외 배경영역의 비율을 최소화 시킬 수 있다. 이외에도, 회전 경계박스의 추가적인 이점은 인식된 균열의 방향에 따라 회전하여 추론되는 경계박스를 통해 균열의 방향과 길이에 대한 정보를 직접적으로 얻을 수 있다. 본 제안기법의 적용성을 검증하기 위하여, 이미지상에서 매우 불균질한 화강암 시료에 인공적으로 균열을 발생시킨 다수의 암석시료 영상을 딥러닝 학습에 사용하고 추론 성능 실험을 진행하였다. 그 외에도, 동일 조건에서 사암과 셰일 암석 시료에도 적용하여 검증하였다. 결론적으로, 제안된 기법을 통해 균열 객체 인식의 평균 추론정확도(mAP)값이 0.89 정도 수준의 우수한 추론 성능을 보였으며, 기존 기법에 비해 추론된 경계박스 내 균열과 배경 영역의 비율 측면에서 배경의 비율이 획기적으로 최소화되는 유리한 추론 검증 결과를 보였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.773-783
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• 2014

In National Curriculum of Science revised in 2007, the Free Inquiry was newly introduced to increase students' interest in science and to foster creativity by having students make their own question and find answer by themselves. The purpose of the study was to analyze characteristics, in cognitive domain, appeared in the processes of performing the Free Inquiry activities applying a brain-based evolutionary science teaching and learning principles. For this study, 106 fifth grade students participated, and they performed individually Free Inquiry activities. In order to characterize of the diversifying, estimating-evaluating-executing, and extending-applying activities in cognitive domain (C-DEF), the Free Inquiry diary constructed by the students, observations by a researcher, and interviews with the students were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The major results of this study were as follows: First, at C-D step, many students (71.5%) had difficulty in searching the meanings of their results and the contents of interpretations were at the level of simple description of their results. A few students (15.2%) derived interpretations based on causal relationships between specific variable and result. Also, the tendency that the numbers of interpretation about meaning of their results were increased as the scores of science attitude and achievement was appeared. Second, at C-E step, the students showed tendency of considering facts exactly explaining inquiry topic and being appliable to daily life rather than objectivity or accuracy of scientific knowledge. Third, at C-F step, there were three types of extension and application: simple repetition (8.2%), extension (64.0%), and upward application (17.6%) types. Based on these findings, implications for supporting appropriate interpretation, evaluation, and application of inquiry results are discussed.