• 대중서사연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-132
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• 2020

이 연구는 2000년대 이후, 한국 아동·청소년 과학소설에 제시된 디스토피아의 특징과 의미를 분석하여 국가산업자본주의와 결탁한 과학주의의 모순에 대응하는 아동·청소년 문학의 원리를 탐구하고 그 의의와 한계를 고찰하였다. 대상 작품은 체제 디스토피아를 배경으로 하여 그에 저항하는 아동·청소년 서사의 비중이 높다. 체제 디스토피아는 '가짜 유토피아'와 거기서 배제된 사람들의 집단인 '수용소'로 이루어져 있다. 체제 디스토피아에서 생명권을 침해당한 청소년들은 정치권력에 저항하여 수용소에서 탈출하고 투쟁한다. 환경 디스토피아를 중점적으로 탐구한 것은 많지 않지만, 환경오염이나 핵폭발 이후의 지구를 배경으로 한 작품에서 유목적 주체가 발견된다. 요컨대 아동·청소년 디스토피아 과학소설은 과학기술주의 계급사회의 모순을 심화시켜 우리 사회의 억압적, 물질중심적, 차등적 교육현실을 비판한다. 그리고 아동·청소년들이 그 체제의 기만과 위선을 간파하여 저항주체로 행동하기 바란다. 이 작품들은 산업자본주의와 결탁한 정치권력의 생명정치 전략을 폭로하고 성찰하게 한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 하지만 인간의 생명을 자연과 동일시하고 그 대척점에서 과학기술과 기계, 물질문명의 위험성을 경고하는 것은 이분법적 가치관의 한계로 보인다. 이 논문은 2000년대 이후 아동·청소년 디스토피아 과학소설의 양상을 개관하고 작가들의 과학기술주의에 대한 인식 및 한계를 밝힌 의의가 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2000

If we take account of the Architectural Tradition which aims a construction of better environment, we can see that this tradition has ended historically toward Utopia. It is a continual trend from ancient to contemporary epoch especially in each transitional periods. Utopia is an ideal commonwealth in which inhabitants exist under perfect conditions, ideally perfect places or state of things. But, Dystopia implies skeptical perspective on the future which has emerged as a result of the increasing awareness about crisis concerning negative aspects highlighted by progress of science and technology since Modern era. Dystopia is the opposite of Utopia which was a propaganda used by Modern architecture and has characteristics of Post-Modernity. Utopias plans are complete projects of image, its goal is an improvement according to the eras. Its plans are characterized by rigid geometrical pattern as circle and square, which contain generally center·axis·enclosure·boundary·symmetry. Recent architectural circumstances no longer reflect utopian visions. Dystopias plans have described extreme mechanism, destructive offense, expression of fragmentation and differentiation in contemporary architecture. Therefore, as the Utopian architecture describes characteristics of the era unlike the continuity of its concept, the Dystopian architecture will find its expression differently while maintaining its basic concept and intention.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2012

Science fiction films touch coming-future themes, particularly those referring specifically to futuristic technology and its influence over human life. Dealing with the resistance of the replicants in the approaching millennium, Blade Runner brings the feat of modern civilization into doubt through the image of the dystopian future. In Blade Runner, a city is filled with waste, pollution, and dirt and a corrosive rain falls from the polluted clouds. Adorno criticizes contemporary society and its civilization. Characterizing advanced capitalist society by its total administration penetrating into every sphere of life, he contends that modern society promotes alienation, atomization, conformism, and fatalism. Blade Runner provides a chance to contemplate the problems of modern society, proposed by Adorno's critical works. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze futuristic characteristics described in the film with Adorno's critique of modern society.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2010

Purpose: Brown's syndrome is characterized by the limited elevation in adduction from mechanical causes around the superior oblique tendon trochlea complex. In this particular case, post-traumatic facial deformity accompanied by Brown's syndrome was observed. We would like to report the satisfying cosmetic results obtained by reconstructing orbital roof and superior orbital rim and repositioning of zygoma. Methods: A 12-year-old patient was observed with facial deformity with strabismus in her right eye and orbital dystopia after the car accident and was eventually diagnosed with traumatic Brown's syndrome. Reconstructive surgeries could not be performed at the time of trauma due to the cerebral hemorrhage. At the second year after the trauma, a depressed fracture of the right orbital roof and superior orbital rim were reconstructed via the intracranial approach, and orbital dystopia was corrected via the zygoma triple ostectomy. In addition, a strabismus surgery was performed one year after her plastic surgery. Results: Facial deformity with orbital dystopia and strabismus was confirmed to be fully reconstructed after the surgery. Moreover, when the patient came in for a follow-up thirteen years after the operation, a developmental imbalance of the facial bones, diplopia, or any other surgical complications were not to be found. Conclusion: After the trauma, the patient with Brown's Syndrome accompanied by post-traumatic facial deformity, who went under the corrective surgeries after the meticulous examination and assessment pre-surgically, was able to acquire cosmetic satisfaction via those operations.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.213-233
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• 2018

이 글은 언어로 미래를 그리는 일은 지금과는 다른 언어의 세계를 그리는 일임과 동시에, 언어가 달라진 미래와 현재 사이에 동일성을 현재의 언어로 확보해야 한다는 매우 어렵지만 중요한 일이라는 문제의식 하에, 다와다 요코의 "불사의 섬"과 "헌등사"를 중심으로 디스토피아의 언어 세계를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 먼저 이중언어 작가로서 독일과 일본어 사이의 경계를 횡단하던 다와다 요코에게 있어 2011년 동일본대지진과 이에 따른 후쿠시마 원자력 발전 사고는, 방사능 누출로 인한 신체적 변동에 따른 기존의 시니피앙과 시니피에 사이의 질서가 파괴된 세계의 출현이라는 의미로 받아들여졌음을 "불사의 섬"을 통해 확인할 수 있다. "헌등사"는 쇄국정책 등을 통해서 기존의 언어적 질서가 파괴된 세계 속에서도 다중적인 의미를 담아낼 수 있는 언어활동을 통해서 인간적인 유대가 유지될 수 있음을 보여준다. 다와다 요코의 소설에 대한 이상의 고찰을 통해서, 인간이 다양한 언어의 힘에 기대고 그것을 유지시킬 수 있는 이상 그 산물로서 어떤 생생한 디스토피아 속에도 실은 희망이 숨겨져 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2020

Objectives: We sought to identify a clinically useful method of analyzing orbital dystopia to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning and to quantify vertical discrepancies in eye level and variations in canthal tilt in Koreans. Patients and Methods: In 76 Korean patients with a mean age of 23.12 years, mean differences in the level of the pupils, lateral canthi, medial canthi, and canthal tilt were measured. The difference in pupil level was calculated from the perpendicular lines drawn from the midpupil area of each eye to the midline of the face to determine the amount of skeletal discrepancy of the eye. Soft tissue discrepancies were determined according to the vertical difference between the lines drawn from the lateral or medial canthus of each eye perpendicular to the midline of the face. The canthal tilt was determined from the inclination of a line connecting the lateral and medial canthi, then classified as class I, II, or III. Results: Mean differences in pupil level, medial canthi, and lateral canthi were 1.57±1.10 mm, 1.14±1.07 mm, and 2.03±1.64 mm, respectively. The mean degree of canthal tilt were 8.45°±3.53° for the right side and 8.42°±3.81° for the left side. No study participants presented with class III canthal tilt. The mean canthal tilt values for those with class I tilt were 3.21°±1.68° for the right side and 3.18°±1.63° for the left side, while, for those who had class II tilt, the values were 9.60°±3.66° for the right side and 9.54°±2.99° for the left side. Conclusion: The presented diagnostic method of orbital dystopia can be used to effectively establish a treatment plan that takes into consideration the patient's skeletal and soft-tissue discrepancies.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.837-851
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• 2013

This study investigates the relationship between dystopian ideas and fashion since the $20^{th}$ century and examines the social meaning of fashion influenced by dystopian ideas. From the 1900s to the 1950s, the idea of dehumanization by authoritarian governments and technology gave rise to fashion for freedom and self-introspection, which includes surrealistic fashion and beat style. In the 1980s and 1990s, a society marked by monopolistic power and the hi-tech control of humans was regarded as dystopia. It influenced a fashion that expressed dehumanization by hi-tech means such as cyberpunk style and designs that depicted or used electronic elements. The ongoing fear of ecological disaster since the late $20^{th}$ century also influenced designers to present collections concerned with environmental problems. Designers have created designs with printed messages on environmental issues or designs that express environmental devastation, and protective designs that use hi-tech fabrics or mechanical devices. Fashion influenced by dystopian ideas expressed contemporary fears, provided a critical view of society through defamiliarization, and sought problem-solving actions and alternatives to change or cope with the dystopian situation. Dystopian fashion gave society a chance to face contemporary problems and pursue a better society.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.688-701
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• 2007

Since modem times, civilization of scientific technology has rapidly expanded and resulted in many negative aspects. Dystopia is a skeptical future standpoint newly introduced by surging awareness of these negative aspects. The purpose of this study is to discover the common characteristics by studying costumes displayed in dystopian films which have critical view of the future. This study is made through the research of sundry records, thesis and capture images from DVD system. As a result of the study, the common formative characteristics of future costumes appearing in six dystopian films are classified into external characteristics and internal characteristics. First, external characteristics were analyzed according to the form, material and color. Second, internal characteristics of costumes appearing in dystopian films are categorized as the indeterminate expression, ex-typical expression and uniform expression. The above formative characteristics of dystopian future costumes can be described as the embodiment of meanings of influence from present and future cultural changes in terms of the characteristics of fashion.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2021

Fibrous dysplasia is a bone condition characterized by the replacement of normal bone tissue and the medullary cavity by abnormal fibrous tissues. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia causes facial asymmetry compromising the aesthetics as well as vision and hearing. A 21-year-old male visited the clinic due to vertical orbital dystopia and exophthalmos that had developed over the previous 2 months. The patient was diagnosed with a fibrous dysplasia of the frontal, ethmoid bones and superior orbital wall. By a bicoronal incision on the scalp, the radical resection of the lesions was done. After harvesting the remaining frontal bone, we did the autogenous reconstruction using split calvarial bone graft. Postoperatively, the vertical orbital dystopia and exophthalmos significantly improved. The patient is satisfied with the surgical outcomes and has not reported any recurrence.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제40권
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

플라톤과 토마스 모어는 사회를 조직하는 대안적인 방법을 상상하였다. 이들에게 공통적인 것은 그들이 이러한 방법들을 논의하기 위해 방식은 다르지만, 소설의 양식에 의존했다는 점이다. 유토피아라는 개념은 확실히 근대적 사고의 특성중 하나이고 동시에 가장 가시적인 결과물이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 문학 장르로서의 유토피아의 주요한 특징 중 하나는 현실과의 관계라고 할 수 있다. 유토피아를 꿈꾸는 사람들은 자신이 살고 있는 사회를 관찰하는 것으로부터 출발해 변화시켜야할 양상들을 기록하고 그러한 문제들이 해결된 장소를 상상한다. 1, 2차 세계대전을 거친 20세기는 인간의 본성에 대한 실망과 회의로 특징지을 수 있다. 그러한 문맥에서 유토피아적 이상향은 모순적이고, 문학적 장르는 불가피하게 디스토피아적인 담론의 경향을 띄게 되었다. 코멕 매카시의 "더 로드"와 존 쿳시의 "예수의 어린시절"은 저자가 독자로 하여금 현재의 사회보다는 더 좋거나 더 나쁘지만, 해결될 수 없는 문제를 안고 있는 상상의 장소를 제시한다는 점에서 비판적 디스토피아와 비판적 유토피아의 형태를 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 유토피아 장르에 대한 이러한 비판적 시각을 가진 이들 소설은 변화된 모험 서사의 형태로서 열린 결말, 부자 관계 그리고 종교적인 알레고리의 양식을 공유하고 있다. 그러나 무엇보다도 중요한 것은, 이 소설들이 탈근대 사회에서도 변화하고 있지만 여전히 원기왕성한 유토피아적 충동을 표현하고 있다는 점이다.