• Advances in nano research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2022

The optimization for dynamic response associated with a cylindrical shell which is made of laminated composites embedded in a piezoelectric layer which is subjected to temperature rises and is resting on an elastic foundation is investigated for the first time. The first shear order theory (FSDT) is utilized in order to obtain the strain relations of the shell. Then, using the energy method, the equations of motions as well as boundary condition of the problem are attained. The formulation of this study together with the solution procedure which is a numerical solution method, differential quadrature method (DQM) is validated using other researches. This paper presents a thorough study on the parameters which impacts the vibration frequency of the laminated shell. The results of this paper shows that any type of laminated composite shell can reduce the vibration frequency providing that the angle related to layer are higher than 85 degrees. Also, in order to reduce the effect of temperature rises, the laminated composites instead of orthotropic one can be used.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2009

In the present study, active control of a smart beam under forced vibration is analyzed. The aluminum smart beam is composed of two piezoelectric patches and strain gauge. One of the piezoelectric patches is used as controlling actuator while the other piezoelectric patch is used as vibration generating shaker. The smart beam is harmonically excited by the piezoelectric shaker at its fundamental frequency. The strain gauge is utilized to sense the vibration level. Active vibration reduction under harmonic excitation is achieved using both strain and displacement feedback control. Control actions, the finite element (FE) modeling and analyses are directly carried out by using ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). Experimental applications are performed with LabVIEW. Dynamic behavior at the tip of the beam is evaluated for the uncontrolled and controlled responses. The simulation and experimental results are compared. Good agreement is observed between simulation and experimental results under harmonic excitation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1107-1127
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• 2016

Studies on dynamic characteristics of the hanger vibration using field monitoring data are important for the design and evaluation of high-speed railway truss arch bridges. This paper presents an analysis of the hanger's dynamic displacement responses based on field monitoring of Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge, which is a high-speed railway truss arch bridge with the longest span throughout the world. The three vibration parameters, i.e., dynamic displacement amplitude, dynamic load factor and vibration amplitude, are selected to investigate the hanger's vibration characteristics in each railway load case including the probability statistical characteristics and coupled vibration characteristics. The influences of carriageway and carriage number on the hanger's vibration characteristics are further investigated. The results indicate that: (1) All the eight railway load cases can be successfully identified according to the relationship of responses from strain sensors and accelerometers in the structural health monitoring system. (2) The hanger's three vibration parameters in each load case in the longitudinal and transverse directions have obvious probabilistic characteristics. However, they fall into different distribution functions. (3) There is good correlation between the hanger's longitudinal/transverse dynamic displacement and the main girder's transverse dynamic displacement in each load case, and their relationships are shown in the hysteresis curves. (4) Influences of the carriageway and carriage number on the hanger's three parameters are different in both longitudinal and transverse directions; while the influence on any of the three parameters presents an obvious statistical trend. The present paper lays a good foundation for the further analysis of train-induced hanger vibration and control.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.277-287
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• 2022

Due to the scarcity of extortionate experimental data, fatigue failure of the reinforced concrete (RC) element might be achieved economically adopting nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis as an alternative approach. However, conventional implicit dynamic analysis is expensive, quasi-static method overlooks interaction effects and inertia, direct cyclic analysis computes stabilized responses. Apart from this, explicit dynamic analysis may provide a numerical operating system for factual long-term responses. The study explores the fatigue behavior based on a simplified explicit dynamic solution employing nonlinear time domain analysis. Among fourteen RC beams, one beam is selected to validate under static loading, one under fatigue with the experimental study and other twelve to check the detail fatigue behavior. The SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) analysis has been carried out to pinpoint the detail scenario in the adoption of numerical approach as an alternative to the experimental study. Excellent agreement of FE and experimental results is seen. The 3D nonlinear RC beam model at service fatigue limits is truthful to be used as an expedient contrivance to envisage the precise fatigue behavior. The simplified analysis approach for RC beam under fatigue offers savings in computation to predict responses providing acceptable accuracy rather than the complicated laboratory investigation. At higher frequency, the flexural failure occurs a bit earlier gradually compared to the repeated loading case of lower frequency. The deflection increases by 6%-10% at the end of first cycle for beams with increasing frequency of cyclic loading. However, at the end of fatigue loading, greater deflection occur earlier for higher load range because of more rapid stiffness degradation. For higher frequency, a slight boost in concrete compressive strains at an initial stage of loading has been seen indicating somewhat stepper increment. Stiffness degradation in larger loading cycle at same duration escalates the upsurge of the rate of strain in case of higher frequency.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-216
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• 2016

The increased speed of a train causes increased loads that act on the track substructures. To ensure the safety of the track substructures, proper maintenance and repair are necessary based on an accurate characterization of strength and stiffness. The objective of this study is to develop and apply a cone penetrometer incorporated with the dynamic cone penetration method (CPD) for investigating track substructures. The CPD consists of an outer rod for dynamic penetration in the ballast layer and an inner rod with load cells for static penetration in the subgrade. Additionally, an energy-monitoring module composed of strain gauges and an accelerometer is connected to the head of the outer rod to measure the dynamic responses during the dynamic penetration. Moreover, eight strain gauges are installed in the load cells for static penetration to measure the cone tip resistance and the friction resistance during static penetration. To investigate the applicability of the developed CPD, laboratory and field tests are performed. The results of the CPD tests, i.e., profiles of the corrected dynamic cone penetration index (CDI), profiles of the cone tip and friction resistances, and the friction ratio are obtained at high resolution. Moreover, the maximum shear modulus of the subgrade is estimated using the relationships between the static penetration resistances and the maximum shear modulus obtained from the laboratory tests. This study suggests that the CPD test may be a useful method for the characterization of track substructures.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.806-812
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• 1999

Dynamic behaviors are analyzed for a flexble spinning disk with angular acceleration, considering geometric nonlinearity. Based upon the Kirchhoff plate theory and the von Karman strain theory, the nonlinear governing equations are derived which are coupled equations with the in-plane and out-of-planedisplacements. The governing equations are discretized by using the Galerkin approximation. With the discretized nonlinear equations, the time responses are computed by using the generalized-$\alpha$ method and the Newton-Raphson method. The analysis shows that the existence of angular acceleration increases the displacements of the spinning disk and makes the disk unstable.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.4 s.50
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

This work reports the results of our study on the dynamic response of various buried pipelines depending on their boundary conditions. We have studied behavior of the buried pipelines both along the axial and the transverse direction. The buried pipelines are modeled as beams on elastic foundation while the seismic wave as a ground displacement in the form of a sinusoidal wave. The natural frequency, its mode, and the effect of parameters have been interpreted in terms of free vibration. In order to investigate the response on the ground wave, the resulting frequency and the mode shape obtained from the free vibration have been utilized to derive the mathematical formula for the forced vibration. The natural frequency varies most significantly by the soil stiffness and the length of the buried pipelines in the case of free vibration. The effects of the propagation direction and velocity and the frequency of ground wave on the dynamic responses of concrete, steel, and FRP pipes have been analyzed and then dynamic responses depending on the type of pipes have been compared. Through performing dynamic analyser for various boundary conditions and estimation of the location of maximum strain has been estimated for the type of pipes and boundary conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

Structural measurements obtained from accelerometers, strain gauges. and tilt meters at Ieodo ocean research station was analyzed. In the acceleration signals, dynamic characteristics of the station were round by using the measured dynamic responses under different wave attacks and were compared with those by numerical analysis. Data from strain gauges and tilt-meters were also analyzed to identify the present state of dynamic response. Effect of wave height on the dynamic characteristics were investigated. The present results and those which will be measured and analyzed later can be used to identify and to assess the state of the station whether it is health or not.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 1995

The dynamic responses of structure under impulsive loading have been investigated according to its duration, based on the theory of viscoplasticity which can appropriately represent the effects of plasticity and rheology simultaneously. The viscoplastic model has been implemented into the two-dimensional finite element system to solve plane stress, plane strain or axi-symmetric problems, and the implicit integration scheme, of which solutions are unconditionally stable for relatively large time step length, has been developed to simulate visoplastic straining with deriving the explicit relationship between stress and strain at a material point level. After simulation, one carefully concludes that the duration as well as magnitude of impulsive loading plays an important role in design of structures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1905-1913
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• 2002

Using the finite element method, this study investigates the dynamic time responses of a flexible spinning disk of which axis of rotation is misaligned with the axis of symmetry. The misalignment between the axes of symmetry and rotation is one of the major vibration sources in optical disk drives such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW and DVD drives. Based upon the Kirchhoff plate theory and the von-Karman strain theory, three coupled equations of motion for the misaligned disk are obtained: two of the equations are for the in-plane motion while the other is for the out-of-plane motion. After transforming these equations into two weak forms for the in-plane and out-of-plane motions, the weak forms are discretized by using newly defined annular sector finite elements. Applying the generalized-$\alpha$ time integration method to the discretized equations, the time responses and the displacement distributions are computed and then the effects of the misalign ment on the responses and the distributions are analyzed. The computation results show that the misalignment has an influence on the magnitudes of the in-plane displacements and it results in the amplitude modulation or the beat phenomenon in the time responses of the out-of-plane displacement.