• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was undertaken to review the precise morphological patter'ns of polydactyly of the foot and to evaluate outcomes of surgical interventions. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who had polydactyly of foot from 1983 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. 29 duplicated toes(24 patients) were analyzed. All cases were evaluated and classified with Temtamy and McKusick's axial pattern, Watanabe's morphologic pattern and level of duplication. Clinical evaluation was performed according to Phelps and Grogan's. Mean age at surgery was 5.7 years(range: 10 months$\sim21$ years). All the patients were subsequently evaluated during mean 17 months(range: 13 months-$\sim5$ years). Results: Preaxial polydactyly was seen in 3 cases, central polydactyly in 3 cases, postaxial polydactyly in 22 cases and remaining 1 case was multiple my involvement. Only 2 patients have familial history and the most common associated anomaly was hand deformity(20.8%). Clinical results were excellent in 14 cases, good in 5 cases, poor in one. 17 patients(70%) were operated before 6 years olds and they had better results than those of who were operated after 6 years olds. Conclusion: The Method of surgical correction for the polydactyly should be individualized by its morphological pattern because the purpose of operation was to give comfort in wearing shoes and patient's psychological relief. This study showed that polydactyly of the foot could be corrected surgically with good results in most cases, and the better results would be achieved if the operation is performed before preschool age according to its individualized pattern of duplication.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2017

최근 지식 베이스, 시맨틱 웹 등 여러 응용 분야에서 시맨틱 데이터의 활용이 증가함에 따라 대규모 RDF 데이터에 대한 효과적인 검색 방법의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 기존의 개별 루트 시맨틱에 기반한 키워드 검색 방법들은 서로 다른 루트 노드를 갖는 결과 트리들의 집합만을 검색함에 따라, 의미적으로 유사하거나 연관성이 낮은 결과 트리들이 함께 검색되고, 동일한 루트 노드를 공유하되 의미적으로 다르고 질의 연관도가 높은 결과들은 함께 검색될 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해 본 논문에서는 결과 트리들의 루트 노드의 중복을 제한적으로 허용하여 질의 연관도가 높으면서 다양한 결과들을 함께 검색하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 결과 트리 집합의 루트 중복도 척도를 정의하고, 주어진 키워드 질의와 최대 루트 중복도에 따라 제한적인 루트 중복성을 가지면서 연관도가 높은 top-k 결과 트리들을 효율적으로 구하기 위한 검색 알고리즘을 제시한다. 실 데이터를 이용한 성능 실험 결과, 제안한 방법이 기존 방법보다 콘텐트 노드들의 중복이 적은 다양한 결과 트리들을 검색할 뿐만 아니라 결과 트리들의 루트 노드의 중복을 허용함으로써 질의 연관도가 더 높은 결과들을 생성할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2011

Objective : Although there are several explanations for a duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA), its embryological origin is still an open question. We reviewed these anomalous vessels to postulate a theory of their different origins, sizes, and courses. Methods : A retrospective review of 1,250 cerebral angiographies, 1,452 computed tomography (CT)-angiographies, and 2,527 magnetic resonance (MR)-angiographies was performed to identify patients with DMCA. Results : Twenty-five patients had 25 DMCAs. Conventional angiography detected nine patients with DMCA (9/1250, 0.72%), MR-angiography detected seven patients with DMCA 0.28%), and CT-angiography detected nine patients with DMCA (9/1452, 0.62%). The DMCAs originated near the internal carotid artery terminal in eight patients (type A), and between the origin of the anterior choroidal artery and the terminal internal carotid artery in 17 patients (type B). The diameters of the eight type A DMCAs were the same or slightly smaller than those of the other branch of the DMCA. All type A DMCAs showed a course parallel to that of the other branch of the DMCA. The diameters of the 17 type B DMCAs were the same, slightly smaller, or very much smaller than that of the other branch of the DMCA. Nine type B DMCAs showed parallel courses, and the other eight curved toward the temporal lobe. Conclusion : The two branches of the type A DMCAs can be regarded as early bifurcations of the MCA. The branches of the type B DMCAs had parallel courses or a course that curved toward the temporal lobe. The type B DMCA can be regarded as direct bifurcations of the MCA trunk or the early ramification of the temporal branch of the MCA.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2002

Purpose: We investigate the characteristic morphologic features and suggest proper treatment of postaxial polydactyly of the foot Materials and Methods: We analysed 37 cases of postaxial polydactyly. Mean post operative follow up period was 2 years 10 months. We analysed them according to morphological, radiological and operative findings. Patients were classified into extra 5th toe polydactyly and extra 6th toe polydactyly based on the abnormal extradigit, and subdivided into joint origin type, bone origin type and floating type based on duplication pattern. Results: 23 cases were extra 5th toe polydactyly and 14 cases were extra 6th toe polydactyly. Most common types were metatarsophalangeal joint origin type of extra 6th toe polydactyly. Compared with extra 5th toe polydactyly, extra 6th toe polydactyly originated from more proximal part and had not syndactylism. Conclusion: As the duplication level was more distal, degree of syndactylism and nail union was more severe. In case of syndactyly between 5th and 6th toe, abnormal extradigit was 5th toe.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권11호
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2001

프로그램 감정이란 컴퓨터 프로그램 및 이와 관련된 전자적 정보 등에 대하여 감정인의 전문적 지식과 기술을 활용, 비교 분석하여 복제 여부를 판단하는 소견을 말한다. 이는 고부가가치를 창출하는 소프트웨어 산업을 육성하기 위한 분야이며 특히 최근 소프트웨어 기술의 발달로 불법 복제가 용이해짐에 따라 소프트웨어 지적재산권에 대한분쟁 신청 사례가 계속 증가하고 있는 실정에서 반드시 제도적으로나 기술적으로 행해져야만 한다. 본 고에서는 이를 위해 현재 프로그램 감정의 현황과 문제점 그리고 이의 활성화 방안과 발전 방안에 대해 기술하고자 하며 이를 통해 고지식 산업의 부가 가치 창출의 저해 요소에 대한 분위기 조성과 문제점 제기를 행하고자 한다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2004

Today, most companies are needed to become interested on e-Biz and information management system. Especially, Data classification format system was very important for application to effective and efficiency management decision support. They should include main entry which consists of department, employee's name, title, publication date. Now, each company is using eleven different methods on data classification format system. In this paper finding result was as follows, in other words, general management document case using the nine date classification methods and special report management document ca se using the twodata classification methods. The aim of this study is to investigate problems that the present data classification format system has and some concerns that should be taken into account in case of the modification of the data classification system and change into a new one. This study is based on the survey in that the company managergave to 35 companies throughout the nation. As a result, the survey indicates that the crucial concerns of the participating managers are ineffective management information source and the duplication of data classification systems. This paper is the transcendental study the introduction of data classification format systems to business companies in Korea. This paper provided the fundamental data for the effective business process reengineering in business activity for management information.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2013

Purpose: System availability and life cycle cost are often used to evaluate the system performance and is influenced by the operation and maintenance characteristic. In this paper, we propose the method to improve life cycle cost and satisfy the target availability through redundancy allocation. Methods: We consider the redundancy is available at all items in multi level system. Thus, we assume that sub-assembly, module, components can be duplicated. Simulation and genetic algorithm are employed to optimize redundancy allocation. Results: Target availability is higher, the life cycle cost is increased. In addition, the items for redundancy are selected at higher level in multi level system if target availability is higher. Conclusion: We could know that target availability affects the duplication number of items and the selection of redundancy items. For further study, we will consider new optimization algorithms to compare with the proposed GA algorithm and improve optimization performance.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2013

The availability equivalence factors of a general repairable series-parallel system is discussed in this paper based on the availability function of the system. The system components are assumed to be repairable and independent but not identical. The life and repair times of the system components are exponentially distributed with different parameters. Two types of availability equivalent factors of the system are derived. The results derived in this paper generalizes those given in the literature. A case study is introduced to illustrate how the idea of this work can be applied.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2021

Since whole-genome duplication (WGD) of diploid Chrysanthemum nankingense and de novo assembly whole-genome of C. seticuspe have been obtained, they have afforded to perceive the diversity evolution and gene discovery in the improved investigation of chrysanthemum breeding. The robust tools of high-throughput identification and analysis of gene function and expression produce their vast importance in chrysanthemum genomics. However, the gigantic genome size and heterozygosity are also mentioned as the major obstacles preventing the chrysanthemum breeding practices and functional genomics analysis. Nonetheless, some of technological contemporaries provide scientific efficient and promising solutions to diminish the drawbacks and investigate the high proficient methods for generous phenotyping data obtaining and system progress in future perspectives. This review provides valuable strategies for a broad overview about the high-throughput identification, and molecular analysis of gene function and expression in chrysanthemum. We also contribute the efficient proposition about specific protocols for considering chrysanthemum genes. In further perspective, the proper high-throughput identification will continue to advance rapidly and advertise the next generation in chrysanthemum breeding.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.967-985
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• 2019

Bug report processing is a key element of bug fixing in modern software maintenance. Bug reports are not processed immediately after submission and involve several processes such as bug report deduplication and bug report triage before bug fixing is initiated; however, this method of bug fixing is very inefficient because all these processes are performed manually. Software engineers have persistently highlighted the need to automate these processes, and as a result, many automation techniques have been proposed for bug report processing; however, the accuracy of the existing methods is not satisfactory. Therefore, this study focuses on surveying to improve the accuracy of existing techniques for bug report processing. Reviews of each method proposed in this study consist of a description, used techniques, experiments, and comparison results. The results of this study indicate that research in the field of bug deduplication still lacks and therefore requires numerous studies that integrate clustering and natural language processing. This study further indicates that although all studies in the field of triage are based on machine learning, results of studies on deep learning are still insufficient.