• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1990

The anthraquionone mycotoxin, skyrin, is produced by Penicillium islandicum. DF-100 which was extracted from grapfruit seed extract and is a natural organic complex inhibited the biosynthesis of skyrin by Penicillium islandicum. This study was carried out to determine the potential of DF-100 to support Penicillium islandicum and skyrin production. DF-100 inhibited the growth of the fungus at 750ppm or less and caused complete inhibition of skyrin production at 500ppm or less. DF-100 appears to block the incorporation of emodinathrone into skyrin and an enzymatic step in the skyrin biosynthetic pathway which lies before skyrinanthrone.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 1973

In order to establish the chemical standards for the quality control of ginsentgextract, an approach for the assay of sapogenin contents in the part of main roots and fibrous side roots was performed by combination of preparative thin layer chromotographic procedure and vanillin-$H_{2}SO_{4}$ color reaction. The contents of dammarane aglycones as funcction of dammarane glycosides in 80%-EtOH extracts were analyzed by the method from the main roots and fibrous side roots of Korean ginseng grown for 4-6 years. The differences by their grown ages in the contents of dammarane glycosides, in the ratio of panaxadiol to panaxatriol contents, and in the mounts of 80% EtOH extract were not significant in the parts of main roots and fibrous side roots of Korean gingeng. Differences due to the part for medicinal uses were highly significant in all parameters mentioned, showing following results ; in the main roots ; 80% EtOH extract, 12.7-15.7 % : the ratio of aglycone composition, 0.955-1.012 : dammarane glycoside (as diglucoside bases), 1.537-1.863 ; in fibrous isde roots ; 80% EtOH extract, 26.0-26.02% : dammarane glycoside, 4.767-5.641 : the ratio, 1.456-1.50.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

Flavonoid and limonoid compounds were determined by HPLC on the methanol and ethanol extracts from citron seeds. The quantities of the compounds in these categories were higher in the ethanol extract than methanol extract. The types of these compounds were detected in larger numbers in the ethanol extract. The content of limonin was the largest in both methanol and ethanol extract among the detectable compounds ; 140.34 mg/100g and 170.98 mg/100g, respectively, and the contents of other compounds, caffeic acid, naringin, lutin, nomilin, were found in large amount in this order. The molecular weights of forty two compounds in ethanol extract were determined with mass spectrums and extracted ion current chromatograms by HPLC/MS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.821-826
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• 1998

Functional properties of mucilage and pigment extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten were determined at various temperatures, pHs and alcohol concentrations. The crude mucilage extracted from pickly pear showed pH 4.2, 0.14% total acidity and 8.1% total soluble solid content(w/w, wet basis). Polysaccharide was purified from mucilage extract by isopropanol precipitation. Intrinsic viscosity of polysaccharide was 18.1dl/g and decreased with increasing KCl concentration. Relative viscosity and color stability of mucilage extract were determined with capillary viscometer and spectrophotometer at 534nm, respectively. In additions of 1~20%(v/v) ethanol, the red pigment of mucilage extract was very stable, but relative viscosity, increased gradually. For heating above 7$0^{\circ}C$, the stability of red pigment decreased drastically, but rheological property of mucilage was not changed. During storage, the red pigment was extremely unstable at above pH 8.3. At both pH 3.0 and pH 4.2, the red pigment was the most stable at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. In the case of storage at 37$^{\circ}C$, pigment of mucilage extract at pH 3.0 was destroyed more quickly than that at pH 4.2. Natural mucilage extract(pH 4.2) showed the good stability of red pigment at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.874-879
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• 1995

This study was designed to evaluate lipid component of serum and organ in matured rats fed oil extract from ducks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 595g(52-week-old) were divided into 3 groups and fed experimental diets for 8 weeks. Rats were fed soybean oil(control group) diet, duck oil(DO group) diet and duck oil supplemented with 1% cholesterol(DOC group) diet. Serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lower in DO and DOC groups than that in the control group. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in DOC group than those in the other groups, while serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in DOC group than those in the other groups. Hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in DOC group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. These studies indicate that the duck oil decreases the concentrations of triglyceride and shows almost same concentrations of total cholesterol compared to the soybean oil supplemented group in serum and liver. But hypercholesterolemic effect of duck oil was not improved.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.203-225
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• 1997

Jihwangbakhotang(地黃白虎楊) is made by Li Je Ma, the creator of the Four Constitutional Medicine. Single and 13 weeks oral repeated dose toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes to elucidate the potential acute and subchronic toxicity of JBT extract and reversibility of any effects. In the single dose study, JBT extract was administered orally to rats with the dose of 2 g/kg and 8 g/kg. In the long term administration of 13 weeks, the JBT extract of 125 mg/kg/day, 500 mg/kg/day, 2000 mg/kg/day was administered to rats. The change of blood weight, urine volume, electrolyte in urine, hematological change, the change of blood chemistry, autopsy finding, and histological observation were researched, the results were as follows; 1. The lethal dose of JBT extract seems to be over 10 g/kg, the single administration of JBT extract 8 g/kg showed no toxical signs except little increase of urine volume. 2. The change of body weight had the trend of decrease in the group of, but has no significance, and also the consumption of food and water had no changes. 3. The hematological changes induced by the 13 weeks administration of JBT extract showed the significance in the item of Hb, MCH, MCV, WBC in the group of 125 mg/kg/day. 4. In the test of blood chemistry, total cholesterol showed little decrease and A/G ratio showed little increase, but the change was not clear, and the standard error was large. So the result was obtained insignificantly and the toxicity of JBT extract was not observed. 5. In the male group after recovery period, the level of cholesterol and triglyceride decreased slightly, but the result was not significant. 6. In the urine test, the little change of electrolyte was appeared, but it seemed not to be the result induced by the toxicity of JBT extract. 7. In each group of male and female rats, the weight change of organ and the serum histological changes was observed, but the result did not showed the dose dependent toxicity. So the toxicity of JBT extract was not regarded. In the conclusion, the toxicity of JBT extract was not observed in the single dose treatment and long term repetitive administration of JBT extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 1985

To determine contents of inorganic elements of Ganoderma lucidum, the horn-shaped carpophores and the pileus of Ganoderma lucidum were incinerated and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. The ash contents of the pileus and the horn-shaped carpophore were 1.48% and 1.40%, respectively. The pileus contained calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, zinc and germanium in that order. The horn-shaped carpophore contained magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, copper and germanium in that order. To examine the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum for immunopotentiating activity, its fruit bodies were extracted with hot water. Purification of the extract was carried out by acetone precipitation and dialysis. The fraction obtained during the purification procedure consisted of a polysaccharide moiety (51%) and a protein moiety (5%). When the compound was administered intraperitoneally to the mice at a dose of 50mg/kg, it enhanced the accumulation of the peritoneal exudate cells, macrophage and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, thereby indicating immunopotentiation.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

Diseases were surveyed in 5 Rice paddy field areas of Organic paddy field and conventional paddy field. The 3 major diseases, rice leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight in rice were surveyed at duck raising, rice bran and conventional rice paddy field. They were serious in duck raising paddy field, rice bran paddy field more than conventional paddy field. The Ilpum variety were infected seriously more than Chucheong. At the effectivity test of the environment-friendly substance for the rice-seed sterilization, 1000-times diluted brown-rice vinegar showed controlling effect against Bakanae disease, and germination rate also was good. There was no Weeds Control efficacy by cultivating of hairy vetch in rice paddy field. However, extract of hairy vetch Leaf and root repressed the germinating of lettuce seed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.318-322
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• 2006

The intracellular invertase gene of alkalophilic and thermophilic Bacillus sp. TA-11 which was isolated from compost was cloned and expressed in E. coil HB101 using pUC19 as a vector. The invertase of the recombinant E. coli (pYC 17) was maximally produced when it was incubated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 9 h in a SY medium containing 0.25% sucrose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.1% each of $K_2HPO_4$ and $KH_2PO_4$, with an initial pH of 8.0. The final enzyme activity under the above condition was 47.7 U per ml of cell-free extract.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.656-661
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• 2017

To develop a highly value-added product from extract from small and damaged sea mussels Mytilus edulis, we prepared two types of sea mussel sauce (MS): bottled (BMS) and retort pouched (RMS). We investigated the processing conditions, quality metrics and flavor compounds in each type of sauce. We found that the most appropriate base formulation for both BMS and RMS consisted of 40.0% SME (Brix $30^{\circ}$), 15.0% sugar, 6.0% salt, 4.0% monosodium glutamate, 4.0% soy sauce, 3.5% starch, 3.0% yeast extract, 3.5% wheat flour and 21.0% water. The crude protein, salinity, volatile basic nitrogen and amino-nitrogen content of the BMS and RMS were 8.7% and 8.8%, 9.3% and 9.2%, 24.9 and 31.4 mg/100 g, and 468.5 and 455.1 mg/100 g, respectively. For comparison, the ranges of these values in commercial oyster sauces (COS) are 4.7-7.5%, 10.7-12.0%, 8.2-12.5 mg/100 g, and 225.7-448.2 mg/100 g, respectively. The total free amino acid content of RMS and Premium COS was 7,215.7 and 6,160.7 mg/100 g, respectively, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, glycine, alanine, arginine, proline and lysine. These results demonstrate that BMS and RMS have favorable organoleptic qualities and good storage stability compared to COS, and are suitable for commercialization as high-flavor seasoning sauces.