• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2007

Identification of Dual-specificity protein phosphatase (DSP) substrates is essential in revealing physiological roles of DSPs. We isolated VHZ-interacting proteins from extracts of 293T cells overexpressing a VHZ (C95S, D65A) mutant known to be substrate- trapping mutant. Analysis of specific proteins bound to VHZ by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy revealed that these proteins contained Chaperonin containing TCP1, Type II phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase ${\gamma}$, Intraflagellar transport 80 homolog, and Kinesin superfamily protein 1B. VHZ-interacting proteins showed that VHZ is involved in many important cellular signal pathways such as protein folding, molecular transportation, and tumor suppression.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.213-233
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• 1995

This study explores the overall attitudes of family life used data from dual-earner wives(N=773) who contribute to household economics. The major hypothesis of this study is that employed wives are more likely to be equal in performing their roles at home than full-time homemakers. However, a pattern of asymmetry exists concerning the role performance of wives regardless of their employment The specific findings are as follows : (1) Wives indicate the instrumental and the dual(mixed the traditional value with the developmental value) perceptions of marriage. (2) It is not equal in the distribution of family resources and the procedure of decision-making among couples. (3) The household labor is mainly performed by wives. (4) Wives are mainly responsible for child-rearing and indicate the inconsistent perception of mothering From the findings study suggests that : (1) Future research might investigate the reason of low family contribution among employed wives (2) The egalitarianism (role sharing) in household labor and child rearing might be extended. 93) women might be educated to pursue an independent life.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

This study aims to explore the variable factors by which fathers affect nursing practices. for this study 544 married couples were interviewed, which resulted in the following conclusions. First, wives have higher fairness than husbands in sharing their parental roles. Second, in some couples, there was a difference seen in the expectations of each parents nursing capability, but rarely were differences in real nursing practices actually observed. Third, all couples interviewed showed some disparity between their expectations of parental nursing capability and their real nursing practices, where the expectations for nursing capability were higher than the real nursing practices. Fourth, higher expectations for nursing capabilities from fathers result in them having better parental roles. Fifth, there is no correlation between parental nursing practices and social demographic variables. Lastly, the impacts on the parental nursing practices are ranked by relative importance as parental nursing capability, the wife's expectation for parental nursing capability and so on.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.367-374
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• 2016

Since the RNA world hypothesis was proposed, a large number of regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified in many species, ranging from microorganisms to mammals. During the characterization of these newly discovered RNAs, RNAs having both coding and noncoding functions were discovered, and these were considered bifunctional RNAs. The recent use of computational and high-throughput experimental approaches has revealed increasing evidence of various sources of bifunctional RNAs, such as protein-coding mRNAs with a noncoding isoform and long ncRNAs bearing a small open reading frame. Therefore, the genomic diversity of Janusfaced RNA molecules that have dual characteristics of coding and noncoding indicates that the functional roles of RNAs have to be revisited in cells on a genome-wide scale. Such studies would allow us to further understand the complex gene-regulatory network in cells. In this review, we discuss three major genomic sources of bifunctional RNAs and present a handful of examples of bifunctional RNA along with their functional roles.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.497-511
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• 2013

This study aimed to examine Korean men's experiences of work-family balance in dual income families with children under six years of age. We focused on identifying the difficulty of balancing work and family considering their individual, social, and cultural conditions. The method was a qualitative study involving two in-depth interviews with each of 12 men, and analyzing the data through the grounded theory approach. From the results, a model of men's work-family experience was constructed. It demonstrates the central phenomena (difficulties of balancing), the causal conditions (lacking time for family, seeking support from the employer, and learning husband's roles insufficiently), the contextual conditions (remaining paternalism and changing husband's roles), the intervening conditions (workplace, childcare support, and wife characteristics), and strategies (help from relatives, utilizing daycare centers, controlling birth, managing work conditions, and using family polices). We clarify the overall picture of working and family life experiences, and also show how men deal with their problems in their circumstances by balancing working and family life. In conclusion, males have difficulty participating in family life autonomously because of having less decision-making power than the wife. Moreover, the great responsibilities of the breadwinner disturb the work-family balance. Men devote themselves to working to hold a job instead of spending time with their family. However, they ultimately value work-family balance with respect to 'keeping a peaceful family life'.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-68
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• 2005

The political activity of women is relatively low. This is mainly because of the social-cultural attitude that confines women's role to housewives, rather than the structural problems that are related to political activities itself. This study has attempted to enhance the political activities of women by examining and providing the practical informations related to the hardships that are experienced by women who are pursuing a career both as a politician as well as a housewife. The sample of this study consisted of women who are assuming chief executives positions in organizations that are related to political activity, including local representatives of the national assembly. A case study was conducted by interviewing 8 female politicians. The contents of the study mostly consists of the personal situations (related to house lives) of these women. Semi-structured questionnaires were used, and the interview was conducted several times. First, the political careers of these women tended to start passively, rather than voluntarily. Second, the negative attitudes that were initially displayed by the family members and close relatives had changed positively through out the course of time. Close relatives, parents/parents-in-law were likely to become helpers of child care and household labor. The husband was likely to be a supporter of the wife's political career, and the children started to understand the roles of their mother as they grew up. Third, the female politicians perceived that the main impediments of women pursuing political careers were the sexually discriminating culture, rather than their own ability. Fourth, the fact that these women had to spend a lot of time outside the house has worsened the role conflict and difficulties of these women who are required to assume dual-roles. Furthermore, the difficulties that are faced publicly and privately has increased the psychological burdens of these women, since politicians, in general, are people who need to maintain their public image.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-39
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• 2019

This study aimed to explore the moderating effect of family strengths on the effect of work-family conflict on happiness in dual-income married couples. This study included 316 married employees who live in Seoul and have children attending junior high or lower grade schools. A survey was conducted December 1-30, 2018 by distributing questionnaires to child care centers, kindergartens, schools, companies, religious institutions, and other locations. The results are follows. First, in this study, the degree of family→work conflict was higher than that of work→family conflict in dual-income married couples, indicating that role conflict at work is greater due to family role pressures. Second, among the socio-demographic characteristics of dual-career couples, monthly income, family→work conflict (an independent variable), and family problem-solving skills (a moderating variable; a subcategory of family strengths) had a significant impact. In the analysis of the effect of work-family conflict on happiness, the higher the monthly income, the lower the family→work conflict, and the higher the family problem solving ability, the higher the feeling of happiness among dual-income married couples. When the work role conflicts from family life roles were more highly perceived in dual-income married couples. Moreover, family→work conflict and an interaction term of family problem-solving ability were identified as variables that had significant effects on happiness. Third, family problem-solving ability was identified as a moderator buffering the effect of work-family conflict on happiness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2011

Dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a family of protein phosphatase characterized by the ability to dephosphorylate phospho-tyrosyl and phospho-seryl/threonyl residues. Most DUSPs are involved in regulation of cell survival and differentiation. In this study, a human dual-specificity protein phosphatase, DUSP28, was isolated from a human kidney cDNA. The recombinant protein was successfully produed in E.coli and showed sufficient phosphatase activity toward DiFMUP (6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate). Various phosphatase inhibitors and divalent metals were tested for their effects on the DUSP28 phosphatase activity. As a result, $Zn^{2+}$ was found to strongly inhibit DUSP28 phosphatase activity, suggesting DUSP28 is involved in Zn-related signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, the DUSP28 protein preferred phospho-tyrosyl residues to phospho-threonyl residues, implying its physiological roles in the cellular process.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.423-434
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• 2011

A female hormone, estrogen, is linked to breast cancer incidence. Estrogens undergo phase I and II metabolism by which they are biotransformed into genotoxic catechol estrogen metabolites and conjugate metabolites are produced for excretion or accumulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated mammary carcinogenesis remain unclear. Cell proliferation through activation of estrogen receptor (ER) by its agonist ligands and is clearly considered as one of carcinogenic mechanisms. Recent studies have proposed that reactive oxygen species generated from estrogen or estrogen metabolites are attributed to genotoxic effects and signal transduction through influencing redox sensitive transcription factors resulting in cell transformation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion of the breast cancer. Conjuguation metabolic pathway is thought to protect cells from genotoxic and cytotoxic effects by catechol estrogen metabolites. However, methoxylated catechol estrogens have been shown to induce ER-mediated signaling pathways, implying that conjugation is not a simply detoxification pathway. Dual action of catechol estrogen metabolites in mammary carcinogenesis as the ER-signaling molecules and chemical carcinogen will be discussed in this review.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 1999

This study examined the effects of support systems and traditional value beliefs about the role of women on the parenting stress of dual-career mothers. The subjects were 203 employed mothers with one child 4- to 36-months of age. The influential independent variables affecting parenting stress listed in order of significance were satisfaction with child care, value placed on traditional maternal roles, sex of child, and cost of child care. Contrary to the researchers assumptions, social support systems had no effect on parenting stress. The results of this study have implications for formal and informal support systems for employed mothers with young children.