• 제목/요약/키워드: dual culture

검색결과 264건 처리시간 0.025초

길항균주를 이용한 고추탄저병균(Colletotrichum acutatum) 방제 및 식물생장촉진효과 (Control of Colletotrichum acutatum and Plant Growth Promotion of Pepper by Antagonistic Microorganisms)

  • 한준희;김문종;김경수
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.253-259
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    • 2015
  • 고추 탄저병은 국내 고추재배에 가장 큰 피해를 일으키며, Colletotrichum acutatum이 주요 원인균이다. 본 연구에서는 포장에서 고추탄저병의 방제와 식물생장촉진효과를 선발된 길항미생물을 이용하여 평가하였다. 4개의 길항미생물은 이전 연구를 통하여 고추포장(GJ01, GJ11)과 갯벌(LB01, LB14)에서 선발하였다. 4개의 길항미생물은 대조균주 EXTN-1을 포함하여 C. acutatum과 대치배양에서 길항효과를 보였다. 식물생장촉진효과를 알아보기 위해 고추종자의 발아율과 초기생장효과, 그리고 포장에서 식물의 생장효과를 검정하였다. 그 결과 4개의 선발균주는 모두 식물생장효과가 있었다. 그 중에서도 GJ01은 초기생육에서 가장 높은 생장효과를 보였으며, GJ11은 포장에서 가장 높은 고추수확량을 얻었다. 그리고 포장에서 탄저병의 방제효과는 4개의 길항미생물 처리에 의해 63.2~72.5%의 방제가를 보였다. 현재 연구를 토대로 4개의 길항미생물은 고추 탄저병에 대한 잠재적인 생물학적 방제제로서의 가능성을 보여주었다.

Endophytic Trichoderma gamsii YIM PH30019: a promising biocontrol agent with hyperosmolar, mycoparasitism, and antagonistic activities of induced volatile organic compounds on root-rot pathogenic fungi of Panax notoginseng

  • Chen, Jin-Lian;Sun, Shi-Zhong;Miao, Cui-Ping;Wu, Kai;Chen, You-Wei;Xu, Li-Hua;Guan, Hui-Lin;Zhao, Li-Xing
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.315-324
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    • 2016
  • Background: Biocontrol agents are regarded as promising and environmental friendly approaches as agrochemicals for phytodiseases that cause serious environmental and health problems. Trichoderma species have been widely used in suppression of soil-borne pathogens. In this study, an endophytic fungus, Trichoderma gamsii YIM PH30019, from healthy Panax notoginseng root was investigated for its biocontrol potential. Methods: In vitro detached healthy roots, and pot and field experiments were used to investigate the pathogenicity and biocontrol efficacy of T. gamsii YIM PH30019 to the host plant. The antagonistic mechanisms against test phytopathogens were analyzed using dual culture, scanning electron microscopy, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Tolerance to chemical fertilizers was also tested in a series of concentrations. Results: The results indicated that T. gamsii YIM PH30019 was nonpathogenic to the host, presented appreciable biocontrol efficacy, and could tolerate chemical fertilizer concentrations of up to 20%. T. gamsii YIM PH30019 displayed antagonistic activities against the pathogenic fungi of P. notoginseng via production of VOCs. On the basis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, VOCs were identified as dimethyl disulfide, dibenzofuran, methanethiol, ketones, etc., which are effective ingredients for antagonistic activity. T. gamsii YIM PH30019 was able to improve the seedlings' emergence and protect P. notoginseng plants from soil-borne disease in the continuous cropping field tests. Conclusion: The results suggest that the endophytic fungus T. gamsii YIM PH30019 may have a good potential as a biological control agent against notoginseng phytodiseases and can provide a clue to further illuminate the interactions between Trichoderma and phytopathogens.

Soluble Expression of a Human MnSOD and Hirudin Fusion Protein in Escherichia coli, and Its Effects on Metastasis and Invasion of 95-D Cells

  • Yi, Shanze;Niu, Dewei;Bai, Fang;Li, Shuaiguang;Huang, Luyuan;He, Wenyan;Prasad, Anand;Czachor, Alexander;Tan, Lee Charles;Kolliputi, Narasaiah;Wang, Feng
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권11호
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    • pp.1881-1890
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    • 2016
  • Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a vital enzyme that protects cells from free radicals through eliminating superoxide radicals ($O^{2-}$). Hirudin, a kind of small active peptide molecule, is one of the strongest anticoagulants that can effectively cure thrombus diseases. In this study, we fused Hirudin to the C terminus of human MnSOD with the GGGGS linker to generate a novel dual-feature fusion protein, denoted as hMnSOD-Hirudin. The hMnSOD-Hirudin gene fragment was cloned into the pET15b (SmaI, CIAP) vector, forming a recombinant pET15b-hMnSOD-Hirudin plasmid, and then was transferred into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami for expression. SDS-PAGE was used to detect the fusion protein, which was expected to be about 30 kDa upon IPTG induction. Furthermore, the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein was heavily detected as a soluble form in the supernatant. The purification rate observed after Ni NTA affinity chromatography was above 95%. The hMnSOD-Hirudin protein yield reached 67.25 mg per liter of bacterial culture. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by western blotting. The hMnSOD-Hirudin protein activity assay evinced that the antioxidation activity of the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein obtained was $2,444.0{\pm}96.0U/mg$, and the anticoagulant activity of the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein was $599.0{\pm}35.0ATU/mg$. In addition, in vitro bioactivity assay showed that the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein had no or little cytotoxicity in H9c2, HK-2, and H9 (human $CD_4{^+}$, T cell) cell lines. Transwell migration assay and invasion assay showed that the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein could suppress human lung cancer 95-D cell metastasis and invasion in vitro.

이주여성에 관한 혐오 감정 연구 다음사이트 '아고라' 담론을 중심으로 (Narratives and Emotions on Immigrant Women Analyzing Comments from the Agora Internet Community(Daum Portal Site))

  • 한희정
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제75권
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    • pp.43-79
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문은 이주여성에 관한 인터넷 포털 사이트의 게시물과 댓글의 내러티브에 담긴 감정의 특성을 분석했다. 분석 대상으로 사회적 이슈에 관한 활발한 토론 공간인 '다음'(Daum)의 '아고라'를 선정했다. 내러티브 분석 결과 게시물 작성자들이 보여준 감정은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이주여성을 매춘과 연관시키면서 과도한 혐오감을 드러냈다. 둘째, 한국 남성을 희생자로 파악하고, 이주여성에 대한 증오감을 드러냈다. 셋째, 다문화주의에 반대하는 이들은 혐오감정을 감추고, 정의, 평등, 국가주의를 근거로 한 분노 감정의 표현이 정당하다는 전략을 사용했다. 넷째, 반다문화주의자들은 국제결혼 사기사건, 외국인 노동자 범죄보도 등의 사례를 반복적으로 언급하면서 혐오 감정을 확산시키는 역할을 수행했다. 다섯째, 매우 드물지만 이주여성이 만든 음식을 소개하는 사진과 글이 비교적 온정의 감정을 담았지만, 관음주의적 접근이라는 한계를 지녔기에 공감과 동감, 연민의 감정으로 발전되지 못했다. 한편, 이주여성에 대한 부정적 감정을 표현하는 게시물 작성자의 심리적 배경에는 자기혐오가 자리 잡고 있고, 이는 더욱 강화될 것으로 우려된다. 아고라 공간에서 2011년 이후 이주여성 관련 글 대부분은 혐오 담론에 해당한다. 요컨대 결혼, 노동, 피난 등으로 인해 주거지의 국제적 이동 현상이 증가하는 디아스포라 시대에 혐오 감정에 따른 갈등과 인권 침해 현상에 대응하기 위해 보편적 인간애로서 휴머니즘 위주의 시민 교육을 강화할 것이 요구된다.

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여대생의 골밀도와 식이 및 비식이 요인들 간의 상관성 (Dietary and Non-dietary Factors Related to Bone Mineral Density in Female College Students)

  • 임지혜;배현숙;이승민;안홍석
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.418-425
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.

토양 균주 발효 추출물 Nargenicin 및 그 유도체의 항생제 대체 효과능 평가 (Biological Evaluation of Nargenicin and Its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory Agents)

  • 조승식;홍준희;채정일;심정현;나종삼;유진철
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.469-481
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구진은 신규 미생물인 Nocardia sp. CS682 균주에서 항균물질인 nargenicin을 확보하고, 그 유도체 5종을 확보하여 그람양성, 음성 및 다약제 내성균에 대한 항균 효능 및 LPS로 자극된 대식세포에서의 nitric oxide 생성 억제능을 확인하였다. Nargenicin 유도체들은 nargenicin 및 vancomycin에 비교하여 우수한 항균 활성을 보여주었으며, compound 4 및 5는 광범위한 항균 효능 외에 nitric oxide 생성 억제능을 보여 항균-항염효과를 가지는 dual effector로써 감염, 면역 질환에 응용 가능성을 시사하였다. Nargenicin 유도체들은 향후 염증반응에서의 면역 조절 기작에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

MicroRNA-200a Targets Cannabinoid Receptor 1 and Serotonin Transporter to Increase Visceral Hyperalgesia in Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats

  • Hou, Qiuke;Huang, Yongquan;Zhang, Changrong;Zhu, Shuilian;Li, Peiwu;Chen, Xinlin;Hou, Zhengkun;Liu, Fengbin
    • Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.656-668
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    • 2018
  • Background/Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be responsible for intestinal permeability in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) rats in our previous study. However, whether and how miRNAs regulate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D remains largely unknown. Methods We established the IBS-D rat model and evaluated it using the nociceptive visceral hypersensitivity test, myeloperoxidase activity assay, restraint stress-induced defecation, and electromyographic (EMG) activity. The distal colon was subjected to miRNA microarray analysis followed by isolation and culture of colonic epithelial cells (CECs). Bioinformatic analysis and further experiments, including dual luciferase assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were used to detect the expression of miRNAs and how it regulates visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats. Results The IBS-D rat model was successfully established. A total of 24 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the distal colon of IBS-D rats; 9 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated. Among them, the most significant upregulation was miR-200a, accompanied by downregulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and serotonin transporter (SERT). MiR-200a mimic markedly inhibited the expression of CNR1/SERT. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay confirmed that CNR1/SERT are direct targets of miR-200a. Rescue experiments that overexpressed CNR1/SERT significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of miR-200a on the IBS-D rats CECs. Conclusions This study suggests that miR-200a could induce visceral hyperalgesia by targeting the downregulation of CNR1 and SERT, aggravating or leading to the development and progression of IBS-D. MiR-200a may be a regulator of visceral hypersensitivity, which provides potential targets for the treatment of IBS-D.

장수풍뎅이 유충의 장내 미생물을 이용한 다양한 식물 균류병의 생물적 방제 및 생장촉진 (Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Potential of Various Phytopathogenic Fungi Using Gut Microbes of Allomyrina dichotoma Larva)

  • 김준영;김병섭
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.210-221
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    • 2020
  • 곤충은 장내에 서식하고 있는 미생물과 상호작용을 통해 공생하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이러한 공생자는 공진화를 통하여 극한 환경에서도 서식을 가능하게 한다. 이러한 관점에서 토양 속에서 부엽토와 식물 잔재를 먹고 사는 장수풍뎅이 유충의 장내에 존재하는 공생자는 식물병원균을 방제하는 데 유용한 미생물이 존재할 것으로 생각된다. 따라서, 식물병원균에 대해 활성을 갖는 유용 미생물 10종을 장수풍뎅이 유충의 소화기관 전장, 중장, 후장으로부터 분리하였다. 분리된 10종의 유용 미생물은 유묘 검정을 통하여 토마토 잿빛곰팡이병, 배추 뿌리혹병, 고추 탄저병, 고추 역병에 대하여 강력한 항균 활성을 확인하였다. 10종의 항균활성 미생물은 형태적 특성과 16s rRNA gene 분석으로 Bacillus속 4종, Paenibacillus속 3종 및 Streptomyces속 3종으로 동정되었다. 유용 미생물은 인산 가용화, indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore 생성 활성이 우수하며 진균외막가수분해 효소인 β-1,3-glucanase, pretease 활성을 보였다. 10종의 유용 미생물 중, DM152 균주는 토마토와 고추 식물체의 모든 기관에서 생장을 촉진시켰다. 따라서, 장수풍뎅이 유충의 소화기관으로부터 분리된 10종의 장내 미생물은 생물학적 방제제 및 생물비료의 활용 가능성을 나타내었다.

전남 마한백제계 취락의 서속(黍粟) 재배와 농경 체계: 장흥 봉림리 오산유적 자료를 중심으로 (Cultivation of millet in Mahan-Baekje Villages: Archaeobotanical examination of Osan site, Jangheung, Korea)

  • 류아라;김세빈;오병욱;김민구
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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    • 제56권2호
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    • pp.48-60
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    • 2023
  • 조와 기장 같은 서속류(黍粟類) 잡곡은 신석기시대부터 재배되었지만 이후 서속 재배의 중요성이 생계경제상 어떻게 변화했는지에 대한 고찰은 많지 않다. 특히 전남지역의 마한백제계 유적에서는 서속의 출현사례가 적어, 이 지역 고대 농경에 관한 논의는 벼농사에 집중되었다. 하지만 AD 3~4세기 무렵에 점유된 장흥 봉림리 오산유적에서는 다량의 조와 기장이 발견되어 서속 재배의 전통이 역사시대에도 이어졌음을 보여준다. 저습지, 고온다습한 기후, 대규모 노동력을 필요로 하는 벼농사와 대조적으로 조와 기장 재배는 생육환경과 노동력 동원상의 제약이 적다. 오산유적의 농경은 가을걷이와 여름걷이 곡식으로 구분할 수 있는데, 경작지 입지 상 가을걷이는 다시 쌀과 서속을 두 개의 중심축으로 하면서 두류 등 다른 작물이 부가되는 형태이다. 상호보완적 성격이 강한 벼농사와 서속 재배의 이원적 체계 운용은 환경적, 사회적 요인에서 비롯되는 생계 위기의 효과적 관리를 가능하게 했을 것으로 판단된다.

동북(東北)아시아 유의 기원(起源)과 그 교류(交流)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -$4{\sim}8$세기(世紀)를 중심(中心)으로- (A study on the origination and Transmission of Yu in Northeast Asia. -from the 4th Century to the 8th Century-)

  • 박경자;조선희
    • 복식
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    • 제17권
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    • pp.29-43
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    • 1991
  • Yu was a type of dress worn on the upper part of the body which was commonly used in Northeast Asia. It was originally used by the Northern race for the need of courtesy as well as protecting cold. It was believed that Yu in Northeast Asia, which was called Kaftan, was came from Scythai lived in North Eurasian land around the Black sea. Scythians were the first-formed horse-riding race in the world and their civilization influenced those of far Asiatic sector along the steppe route. As their power expanded, their costume culture transmitted to the East(China, Korea, Japan). The upper garment, Yu, was characterized by the left-sided collars, narrow sleeves belted at the waist to the length of the hip line and the tight trouser on the lower part, which we commonly called HoBok(胡服) style. 1. Yu in Northeast Asia was originated from the Eurasians, Scythian Culture. Being exchanged, active style costumes were widely used among Chinese, Koreans and Japanese throughout centuries' including $4{\sim}8$ century. 2. Chinese Yu had a style of wide-sleeves and right-sided collars. The traditional costumes of Han race are consisted of wide-sleeved Yu on the upper and long-skirt on the lower part of the body. Before the adoptation of HoBok during reign of King Jo Mooryung in 307. B.C., HoBok style had already found in the remains since the Sang period. There were various names among Yu during the Han period. Seup, Sean Eui, Kye, Kyu were one of the styles and several names were meant for collar and sleeves. During $4{\sim}8$ centuries, clothes of right-sided collar were found, superior to that of left-sided and narrow sleeves were widely used both the royal and the humble. Various styles of decoration were seen in Yu around neck, back and sleeves comparing other nations. 3. Yu, in Korea, was typical style of Northern-bound HoBok. Both men and women had similarity in Yu style, narrow sleeves, left-sided collar, belted at the waist and to the length of hip line. Influenced by Han race, in the $4th{\sim}8th$ centuries, dual system of collar was found. But we cannot see major change in Yu and finally was connected to the present. 4. The original design of the Japanese costumes was not similar to that of Northern nomadic hunting race, which was suitable for horse-riding activities. Owing to the climates along the island, we could see various conditions ranging from the cold and to the warm. Influenced by the climates, pulling over the neck(Pancho style) were major design in Japan. As Korea was advanced earlier than Japan, Korean landed Japanese territory showing clothes. So primitive costumes had changes in style. During the $4th{\sim}8th$ period. The Korean mode was found in Haniwa (which was built to make sacrifices to the dead King) and costumes in Jeong Chang Won. Among the costumes in Jeong Chang Won, we put 3 or more costumes to the category of Yu characterizing elements of Korea and Tang period. From the $4th{\sim}8th$ century, China, Korea, Japan fell into the same cultural category, Scythai. Styles in Yu among three nations, we saw little differences, basically along times. Originated from the West Asia, Yu was transmitted to the far East changing Chinese costumes, Koreans melted it into the traditional elements and then influenced Japan.

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