• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1055-1076
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• 2011

This paper reviews the definition of highly variable drug(HVD), the present regulatory recommendations and the approaches proposed in the literature to deal with the bioequivalence issues of HVD. The concept and the statistical approach of scaled average bioequivalence(SABE) is introduced and discussed with the current regulatory methods. The recommendations for SABE approach are proposed and the further study topics related to HVDs are also presented.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2011

The promise of biomimetic smart structures that can function as sensors and actuators in biomedicine is enormous. Technological development in the field of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers have opened up a new avenue of applications for polymer-based synthetic actuators. Such synthetic actuators mimic various attributes of living organisms including responsiveness to stimuli, shape memory, selectivity, motility, and organization. This article briefly reviews various stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers and their application as bioactuators. Although the technological advancements have prototyped the potential applications of these smart materials, their widespread commercialization depends on many factors such as sensitivity, versatility, moldability, robustness, and cost.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.147-164
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on women's health. I conducted literature reviews for meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials with the target diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers osteoporosis, and pregnancy outcomes. Women who were active had less total mortality and smaller incidence of hypertension, coronary heart diseases, and stroke. Exercise was better than drug therapies in preventing diabetes and effective in preventing colon and breast cancers. Exercise can reduce the risks of falling injury in elderly women. Walking during pregnancy was not harmful to the mothers and their infants, and desirable to prevent the complications of pregnancy or weight gain after pregnancy. Physical activity at work and leisure-time showed similar effects on women's health. Based on these results, moderate-intensity physical activity should be recommended to all women, Resistive, muscle strength, and balance-training exercise also can be recommended. Doctors' advices are effective to make women exercise, especially using handouts or motivational interviewing techniques. It is desirable to recommend to peform other health promotion measures together such as smoking cessation, weight control and diet control.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.376-386
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• 2015

MOFs(Metal-Organic Frameworks) are new kinds of materials comprised of metal ions and functional organic ligands, and have large pores in its rigid structures which give the materials various functionalities, including gas absorption, separation, drug delivery etc. Recently photoluminescence properties of MOFs and possibilities of its application to high explosive sensing technologies are drawing attentions from scientists and engineers, because these methods are simple, cheap and easy to perform detection operations. In this article the author reviews the mechanisms of photoluminescence of MOFs, the detection methods of high explosives using MOFs and recent research progresses based on the papers published mainly during last 10 years.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.150-154
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• 2018

This tutorial reviews the principles of dose individualisation with an emphasis on target concentration intervention (TCI). Once a target effect is chosen then pharmacodynamics can predict the target concentration and pharmacokinetics can predict the target dose to achieve the required response. Dose individualisation can be considered at three levels: population, group and individual. Population dosing, also known as fixed dosing or "one size fits all" is often used but is poor clinical pharmacology; group dosing uses patient features such as weight, organ function and comedication to adjust the dose for a typical patient; individual dosing uses observations of patient response to inform about pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in the individual and use these individual differences to individualise dose.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.424-427
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• 2022

A retrospective record-linkage study (RLS) based on medical records containing drug prescription histories involves immortal time bias (ITB). Thus, it is necessary to control for this bias in the research planning and analysis stages. Furthermore, a summary of a meta-analysis including RLSs that did not control for ITB showed that specific drugs had a preventive effect on the occurrence of the disease. Previous meta-analytic results of three systematic reviews evaluating the association between statin intake and gastric cancer risk showed that the summary hazard ratio (sHR) of the RLSs was lower than 1 and was statistically significant. We should consider the possibility of ITB in the sHR of RLSs and interpret the results carefully.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2023

Owing to their unique properties originating from slidable cross-links, polyrotaxane derivatives have potential applications as polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, lightweight polymer alloys for vehicular bodies and their glazing, elastic rubbers for tires, hydrogels for drug delivery. This article reviews the structures of polyrotaxanes comprising cyclic molecules threaded by a linear axle polymer. Next, the versatile characteristics of polyrotaxane gels, elastomers, and polymer alloys such as toughness, elasticity, and softness are discussed in relation to their supramolecular architectures. Finally, the mechanical behavior of solid ring cross-links are compared with that of conventional fixed cross-links for better understanding.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1081-1100
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• 2019

Objectives: This study is an overview of the meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials investigating the clinical effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture for patients with stroke. Methods: Core electronic databases were searched from their inception to 21 May 2019. A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR 2) was applied to screen high-quality studies. The results of these studies were summarized, and additional meta-analysis was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results: Sixteen studies met eligibility criteria. Four were excluded owing to insufficiency of AMSTAR 2 or low data reliability. The finally selected 12 studies were about pharmacopuncture using either a single herb extract, such as Dengzhan xixin, Sanch, Ginkgo biloba, or Acanthopanax, or a mixture of herbs, such as Compound danshen, Shenxiong, Xingnaojing, or Mailuoning. Most of the patients were from China, with acute ischemic stroke. All the studies using a pharmacopuncture versus a non-pharmacopuncture design reported the significant superiority of pharmacopuncture on every outcome measure. On the other hand, in a few studies, pharmacopuncture was inferior to active control in improving neurological deficit. Few studies reported adverse events. Conclusions: It is difficult to apply the results of this study directly to Korea, because the level of evidence is generally low and the clinical settings and social acceptance of pharmacopuncture therapy differ in Korea and China. Further studies are warranted to confirm the domestic applicability of evidence generated in China and to create evidence that supports the domestic situation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.212-222
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• 2024

Objectives: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment and intervention from health workers. Medication adherence is a factor that influences the success of therapy for patients with epilepsy. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the role of pharmacists in improving the clinical outcomes of epilepsy patients, focusing on medication adherence. Methods: A scoping literature search was conducted through the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The literature search included all original articles published in English until August 2023 for which the full text was available. This scoping review was carried out by a team consisting of pharmacists and neurologists following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including 5 steps: identifying research questions, finding relevant articles, selecting articles, presenting data, and compiling the results. Results: The literature search yielded 10 studies that discussed pharmacist interventions for patients with epilepsy. Five articles described educational interventions involving drug-related counseling with pharmacists. Two articles focused on similar pharmacist interventions through patient education, both verbal and written. Three articles discussed an epilepsy review service, a multidisciplinary intervention program involving pharmacists and other health workers, and a mixed intervention combining education and training with therapy-based behavioral interventions. Conclusions: Pharmacist interventions have been shown to be effective in improving medication adherence in patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, these interventions play a crucial role in improving other therapeutic outcomes, including patients' knowledge of self-management, perceptions of illness, the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in controlling seizures, and overall quality of life.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2021

This study summarizes the recent cutting-edge approaches for dentin regeneration that still do not offer adequate solutions. Tertiary dentin is formed when odontoblasts are directly affected by various stimuli. Recent preclinical studies have reported that stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and thereby aid in the structural and functional development of the tertiary dentin. A range of signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is activated when dental tissues are damaged and the pulp is exposed. The application of small molecules for dentin regeneration has been suggested as a drug repositioning approach. This study reviews the role of Wnt signaling in tooth formation, particularly dentin formation and dentin regeneration. In addition, the application of the drug repositioning strategy to facilitate the development of new drugs for dentin regeneration has been discussed in this study.