• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2000

Doxazosin, a postsynaptic selective ${\alpha}1-adrenoceptor$ antagonist, is a potent antihypertensive agent which reduces peripheral resistance and blood pressure by vasodilatation of peripheral vessels. It is also used in the treatment of urinary obstruction by benign prostatic hypertrophy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two doxazosin tablets, $Cardura^{TM}$ (Pfizer Korea Ltd.) and $Cardil^{TM};$ (Kyungdong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen normal male volunteers, $24.19{\pm}2.48$ years in age and $62.41{\pm}6.66$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 2 mg of doxazosin was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of doxazosin in serum were determined with an HPLC method using spectrofluorometric detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets were -1.54%, -1.51 % and 3.42%, respectively, when calculated against the $Cardura^{TM}$ tablet. The powers $(1-{\beta})$ for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were all more than 99.00%. Minimum detectable differences $(\Delta)$ at ${\alpha}=0.05\;and\;1-{\beta}=0.8$ were all less than 20% (e.g., 12.73%, 12.84% and 13.01% for $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were all within :${\pm}20%$ (e.g., $-8.97{\sim}5.90,\;-9.01{\sim}6.00\;and\;-4.16{\sim}11.05\;for\;AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max},\;respectively)$. All of the above para- meters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that $Cardil^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Cardura^{TM}$ tablet.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2022

In this study, it is intended to provide basic data that can help develop a cardiovascular simulator for performance evaluation of pulse wave detectors by identifying the development status of domestic and overseas cardiovascular simulators. A total of 119 papers were selected by excluding duplicate literature, gray literature, and literature not related to a cardiovascular simulator. Based on the selected literature, the research trend of cardiovascular simulators was analyzed. As a result of analyzing the purpose of the study, most of the simulators were developed to evaluate the hemodynamic properties of artificial hearts and valves. In addition, it was used for simulation evaluation or hemodynamic studies such as pulse wave studies. As a result of analyzing configurations of the simulators, a heart most often consisted of only one left ventricle. For blood vessels, the Windkessel model was most often constructed using chambers and valves. In most studies, blood was reproduced by mixing glycerin and water to reproduce both density and viscosity. In addition, as a result of analysis from the perspective of medical device performance evaluation, simulators for evaluating artificial heart and artificial valves have been studied a lot, whereas simulators for blood pressure, pulse wave, and blood flow devices have been relatively insignificant. Based on the review results, we suggested considerations when developing a simulator for performance evaluations of a pulse wave detector.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2011

아플라톡신은 Aspergillus flavus와 A. parasiticus.에 의해 생성되는 독소대사산물로 강력한 발암성물질로서 땅콩, 옥수수, 쌀, 보리 등 탄수화물이 주성분인 곡류가 그 기질로 알려져 있으며 생약에서도 검출된 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$) 모니터링을 통해 생약의 곰팡이 독소 허용 기준 마련을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 모니터링을 위해 국내(5개 지역)와 중국(2개 지역)에서 유통 중인 생약 50품목의 558시료를 수거하였다. 수거한 시료는 관능검사를 거쳐 적합한 시료를 선정하여 실험에 사용하였다. 아플라톡신 분석은 시료를 70% 메탄올로 추출하여 면역친화성 칼럼으로 정제한 후, 칼럼 후 유도체화 장치(PHRED)가 장착된 HPLC-FLD로 분석하였다. 아플라톡신 분석을 위해 시험법을 검증하였다. 그 결과 검출한계와 정량한계는 각각 $0.0l5{\sim}0.138\;{\mu}g/kg$, $0.046{\sim}0.418\;{\mu}g/kg$였으며 회수율은 67.4~96.2%로 나타났다. 검증된 시험법으로 국내와 중국에서 유통 중인 생약을 대상으로 모니터링한 결과, 생약 2건(보두, 호미카)에서 아플라톡신($B_1$, $G_1$)이 검출되었다. 보두에서는 아플라톡신 $B_1$이 1.7 ${\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$이 0.9 ${\mu}g/kg$이 검출되었고, 호미카에서는 $G_1$이 0.8 ${\mu}g/kg$ 검출되었다. 또한 생약의 주복용 형태인 탕액으로 조제 하였을 때, 아플라톡신의 이행정도를 알아보고자 생약에 아플라톡신을 오염시키고 무 압력과 압력 조건에서 열수 추출 하였다. 탕액 조제시 아플라톡신의 이행률은 무압력 조건에서 13.6~51.3%였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

The effects of various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) and enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of tulobuterol were investigated. The permeation rate of tulobuterol through hairless mouse skin from various adhesives was evaluated using a flow-through diffusion cell system at $37^{\circ}C$. The permeability of tulobuterol was variable depending on the physicochemical property of the PSA. The permeation rate of tulobuterol from polyethylene oxide grafted acrylic adhesive matrix was higher than that from other PSA matrices. The flux of tulobuterol was $4.37{\pm}0.34\;{\mu}g/hr/cm^2$ from polyethylene oxide grafted acrylic adhesive matrix. When the effects of various enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of tulobuterol from grafted acrylic adhesive were evaluated, Plurol $oleique^{\circledR}$ showed higher flux than all other enhancers tested.

• 약학회지
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1970

Isoimperatorin and Oxypeucedanin isolated from root of Angelica Koreana Max. (Umbelliferae) that is used as "Kang-Whal" a botanical drug, in Korea, Show following general pharmacologic activities. The treatment with Oxypeucedanin on the exercised duodenum of the rabbit increased the motility of it while isoimperatorin shows little effects. But on the exercised heart of the frogs, both components depressed its contractility. Whereas Oxypeucedanin depressed both blood pressure of the carotied artery and respiration of the rabbit, Isoimperatorin tends to increase blood pressure, respiration and the tonus of the muscle of the earth worm. Oxypeucedanin did not affect the tonus of the muscles of the earth worm, but depressed the uterus contraction of the rabbit, which was, on the contrary, increased by Isoimperatorin.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.622-627
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• 2001

Microjet flows are often encountered in many industrial applications of micro-electro-mechanical systems as well as in medical engineering fields such as a transdermal drug delivery system for needle-free injection of drugs into the skin. The Reynolds numbers of such microjets are usually several orders of magnitude below those of larger-scale jets. The supersonic microjet physics with these low Reynolds numbers are not yet understood to date. Computational modeling and simulation can provide an effective predictive capability for the major features of the supersonic microjets. In the present study, computations using the axisymmetic, compressible, Navier-Stokes equations are applied to understand the supersonic microjet flow physics. The pressure ratio of the microjets is changed to obtain both the under- and over-expanded flows at the exit of the micronozzle. Sonic and supersonic microjets are simulated and compared with some experimental results available. Based on computational results, two microjets are discussed in terms of total pressure, jet decay and supersonic core length.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1482-1483
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• 2008

This report describes the design, fabrication and experimental results of an implantable micro pressure regulator. It consists of three silicon substrates, a glass substrate, and a PDMS layer. Silicon and glass substrates are fabricated by using bulk micro machining and sandblasting. The PDMS layer is used as a intermediate layer for Si-Si and Si-glass bonding processes. This micro regulator is a key component of the portable drug delivery systems for low power consumption. The device has some advantages, such as a passive type device, no power consumption, and simple structure.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2018

A needle-free injector is one of the new non-invasive players in impregnating the biological barriers. It is considered as the next phase in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. One of the major fields of application is in skin remodeling procedures. Although many studies were carried out in understanding the principle in the needle-free injection procedure, fewer studies were done with the aim of therapeutic applications. In the present study, we tried to identify key parameters that affect the jet divergence and peak stagnation pressure on the skin surface in a conventional needle-free injector for skin treatment. A summary of the working principle and effect of the key parameters are presented.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.736-738
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• 1992

We report the successful use of Nifedipine in the treatment of acute pulmonary hypertension in an young child after a cardiac operation. This patient had undergone patch closure of large ventricular septal defect. She had signs of severe pulmonary artery hypertension unresponsive to hyperventilation, oxygenation, sedation, and a myriad of vas-oactive drugs. Nifedipine, 0.3mg /kg every 4 hours, effectively treated her pulmonary artery hypertension and allowed for a smooth postoperative course and positive outcome. The drug lowered systemic diastolic pressure, but not systolic pressure.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.205-207
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• 1996

Clonidine, an antihypertensive drug, stimulates postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers arterial pressure through the effects on both cardiac output and peripheral resistance. However, many patients experience that sedation and xerostomia occur upon oral administration of clonidine. These side effects are due to high plasma peak concentration and can be avoided when clonidine is given transdermally. In this study, we tested the antihypertensive effects of trandermal administration of clonidine patch on spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) which is a model animal for human essential hypertension. Forty eight SHR (male) were divided into six groups according to the dose levels, respectively. After transdermal administration of clonidine patch of each dose, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Clonidine patch produced maximal antihypertensive and bradycardiac effects 48 hrs after administration and antihypertensive effects showed dose-dependency. We suggest that antihypertensive effects of clonidine patch are similar to those of orally given clonidine and clonidine patch can be used instead of clonidine tablet.