• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.542-547
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• 2014

This paper describes the medical and IT convergence system using a smart phone and a heuristic method for the measurement of the dripping speed of the liquid in a drip chamber, which can estimate the remaining time using pattern recognition and difference image from video frame information based on Android technology. The video frames were first made using a smartphone camera and we calculated the difference image between the n image and the (n-1) image and then changed into binary images using the threshold value. At this point, it is very important to find an optimal threshold value using heuristic method to recognize the dripping of the liquids. In addition, the user can adjust the dripping speed according to the doctor's prescription, exactly like watching the progress bar of a mobile application. The experiment results show that our method using video processing technique accurately measures the dripping speed for a wide range of speeds that are sufficient for ordinary practice.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.782-787
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• 1998

The treatment for pediatric dental patient has become more complex than the previous, because patients of pediatric dentistry, younger than the previous, and they were often combined with systemic disease. And, the importnace of conscious sedation has been increased by this time for this reason. In a variety of CNS depressants, newly developed imidazobenzodiazepine (midazolam) is well known as a safe and effective medicament. It has a rapid onset, minimized cardiovascular depression and various possible administering, route, so it is commonly used for the conscious sedation of pediatric dental patients. Recently, "intranasal drop-in method" draws attention for its safety, but discomfort during administration and posterior dripping through pharynx diminish its popularity. Now more advanced method for intranasal administration is introduced for conscious sedation for pediatric dental patients, it is "intranasal spray" with aerosol form of medicament. With this method, we can achieve some benefits as belows : 1. Diminished discomfort during intranasal spray than nitranasal drop-in. 2. Rapid osnet and reduction than intranasal drop-in. 3. Eliminatin of adverse reaction, such as rhinorrhea. 4. More improved behavior rating scale.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2014

A microfluidic method for the in situ production of monodispersed alginate hydrogels using biocompatible polymer gelation by crosslinker mass transfer is described. Gelation of the hydrogel was achieved in situ by the dispersed calcium ion in the microfluidic device. The capillary number (Ca) and the flow rate of the disperse phase which are important operating parameters mainly influenced the formation of three distinctive flow regions, such as dripping, jetting, and unstable dripping. Under the formation of dripping region, monodispersed alginate hydrogels having a narrow size distribution (C.V=2.71%) were produced in the microfluidic device and the size of the hydrogels, ranging from 30 to $60{\mu}m$, could be easily controlled by varying the flow rate, viscosity, and interfacial tension. This simple microfluidic method for the production of monodisperse alginate hydrogels shows strong potential for use in delivery systems of foods, cosmetics, inks, and drugs, and spherical alginate hydrogels which have biocompatibility will be applied to cell transplantation.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.831-854
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• 2024

The transportation problem (TP) is one of the earliest and the most significant implementations of linear programming problem (LPP). It is a specific type of LPP that mostly works with logistics and it is connected to day-to-day activities in our everyday lives. Nowadays decision makers (DM's) aim to reduce the transporting expenses and simultaneously aim to reduce the transporting time of the distribution system so the bi-objective transportation problem (BOTP) is established in the research. In real life, the transportation parameters are naturally uncertain due to insufficient data, poor judgement and circumstances in the environment, etc. In view of this, neutrosophic bi-objective transportation problem (NBOTP) is introduced in this paper. By introducing single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (SVTrNNs) to the co-efficient of the objective function, supply and demand constraints, the problem is formulated. The DM's aim is to determine the optimal compromise solution for NBOTP. The extended weighted possibility mean for single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers based on [40] is proposed to transform the single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic BOTP (SVTrNBOTP) into its deterministic BOTP. The transformed deterministic BOTP is then solved using the dripping method [10]. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applicability, effectiveness and usefulness of the solution approach. A sensitivity analysis (SA) determines the sensitivity ranges for the objective functions of deterministic BOTP. Finally, the obtained optimal compromise solution from the proposed approach provides a better result as compared to the existing approaches and conclusions are discussed for future research.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.1441-1444
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• 2007

This paper presents a novel electrostatic drop-an-demand ejector with a conductive pole inside nozzle. The MEMS fabricated pole-type nozzle shows a significant improvement in the performance and reliability of forming meniscus and generating a micro dripping mode of droplet out of the meniscus. It is verified experimentally that the use of the pole-type nozzle. The liquid is used D20+SDS+SWNT (5 %wt). The gap between upper electrode and nozzle is about 600 um. Electrostatic drop-an-demand ejection is observed when a DC voltage of 1.5 kV is applied between the control electrode and ground electrode. Droplet diameter is $100{\mu}m$.

• New Physics: Sae Mulli
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• v.68 no.11
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• pp.1208-1214
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• 2018

The one-step spin coating method is reported as an excellent thin film process because it can be easily used to fabricate high-quality methyl-ammonium lead tri-iodide ($MAPbI_3$) perovskite layers. One of the important things in the one-step spin coating method towards obtaining high-quality $MAPbI_3$ layers is the anti-solvent (AS) engineering, which consists of an one-step deposition of the $MAPbI_3$ film and dripping of the AS. The properties of the $MAPbI_3$ layer were found to be strongly influenced by the amount, dispensing speed, and spraying time of the AS solution. The $MAPbI_3$ solution was prepared by dissolving lead iodide and methyl-ammonium iodide in N,N-dimethylformamide and adding N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide. Diethyl ether (DE) was used for the AS solution. The results indicate that a $MAPbI_3$ layer appropriately sprayed with DE is beneficial for improving film quality and device efficiency because nucleation of $MAPbI_3$ layer is affected by the characteristics of DE, which affect the film's crystallinity, density, and surface morphology. The $MAPbI_3$ layer, which was optimized by using 0.7 mL of DE, a 3.03 mL/sec dispensing speed, and a 7 second time to spray after spinning showed the best efficiency of 13.74%, which was reproducible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2000

Most droplet generators are based on the Rayleigh's theory of droplet breakup, and various kind of droplet generation devices have been designed in accordance with vibrating method of capillary liquid column. At present, VOAG(Vibrating Orifice Monodisperse Aerosol Generator) is used to generate primary aerosol standards. For the combustion experiments with isolated single droplet, it is found that dripping method or separating method of suspended drop at an end of filament are more effective. Single drops can be separated from continuous streams of droplets by controlling electric charge.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.18.2-18.2
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• 2009

Ceramics have some properties that are unmatched by other kind of materials like metals or polymers. The ability of high thermal and chemical resistance and in case of being superior in specific mechanical properties makes the ceramic materials suitable for arange of applications. The microstructure and morphology of a material arguably permit the use of many advanced application otherwise difficult to achieve.Porous structures have some important applications in biomedical and environmental field. For human hard tissue reconstruction and augmentation procedure suitable biomaterials are used with a desirable porosity. A range of porous bioceramics were fabricated with tailored design to meet the demand of specific applications. Channeled and interconnected porosity was introduced in alumina, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite or tri calcium phosphate ceramics by different methods like multi-pass extrusion process, bubble formation in viscous slurry,slurry dripping in immiscible liquid, sponge replica method etc. The detailed microstructural and morphological investigations were carried out to establish the unique features of each method and the developed systems. For environmental filters the porous structures were also very important. We investigated a range of channeled and randomly porous silicon based ceramic composites to enhance the material stability and filtration efficiency by taking advantage of the material chemistry of the element. Detailed microstructural and mechanical characterizations were carried out for the fabricated porous filtration systems.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2004

Hanji costumes has four aspects that allow the creator or artist to create many variations. The pictorial effects of Hanji costumes are produced through variations in the dyes and brushes used for its application. The amount of water and texture of the Hanji mixture also influences the Hanji clothing. This effect was expressed using a dry brush technique, a dripping technique, India inks, and fragments from other Hanji works. A second aspect of Hanji clothing is the coloring effect in the Hanji costumes. The coloring is due to the fibers in the preparation mixture and the uniqueness of the dyes. The Hanji clothing was dyed various colors and patterns by dip dyeing, block dyeing, silk screens, digital printing. The third aspect of Hanji imagination in clothing is the decorative details. The details in Hanji clothing can be seen using frills, pleats, tucks and ribbons. The last variation of Hanji clothing can be expressed through crafting techniques. These techniques are the quality of paper string, cuts in the paper and paste ingredients. With Hanji cloth, it is possible to plait, roll, and crample into other flexible & useful materials.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.738-744
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• 2000

The breakup behaviors of impinging droplet on a hot surface are studied experimentally. The droplets are produced by the dripping method and the breakup behaviors of liquid droplet are recorded by photographs. Experimental conditions are, droplet diameter di : 2.5, 3.2 [mm], weber number : $30{\sim}140$, surface temperature : $28^{\circ}C(room\;temperature){\sim}450^{\circ}C$. Water is used to liquid. As weber number of droplet increases, a liquid sheet, which is formed after the impingement on a hot surface, is disintergrated by the dynamical effect. But at low weber number, it has effected by thermodynamical effect. The breakup behaviors of droplet are divided into three patterns with weber number and surface temperature, non-disintegration, transition and disintegration region. Further, these boundary values are affected by the hot surface temperature and weber number. SMD of breakup droplets are calculated in according to surface temperatures and weber number. The minium SMD of breakup droplets are observed at weber number 65.49, temperature $250^{\circ}C$ and weber number 99.08, temperature $350^{\circ}C$.