• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2004

A new type of drinkable yoghurt was prepared to develop a functional yoghurt. Skim milk containing 0.4-1.0％(w/v) water extract of omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon) was fermented by the mixed strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Quality characteristics of the drinkable yoghurts were evaluated in terms of compositions, keeping-quality(pH, titratable acidity, number of viable cells) and sensory properties. The drinkable yoghurts added with water extract of Schizandra chinensis were composed of 2.92-3.03％ protein, 9.98-10.23％ lactose, 0.81-1.08％ fat, 16.21-16.64％ total solid, and 14.57-15.17％ solid-not-fat. The L values(brightness) were significantly lower in the yoghurts containing water extract of Schizandra chinensis than that of the control which had no water extract of Schizandra chinensis, while the a values(redness) and b values(yellowness) were significantly higher than those of the control. The pH, titratable acidity and number of viable cells of the lactic acid bacteria of all yoghurts were not changed during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, while the pH and titratable acidity were remarkedly changed during the yoghurts stored at 20$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The drinkable yoghurts containing 0.4％(w/v) water extract of Schizandra chinensis added 15％(w/v) oligosaccharide, or 0.6％(w/v) water extract of Schizandra chinensis added 20％(w/v) oligosaccharide had the highest sensory score in taste and overall acceptability among the treatments. From the results, Schizandra chinensis was a useful natural additive with the bioactive effect by provision of a acceptable physicochemical and sensory properties in the drinkable yoghurt.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the quality of the simplified water supplies by regional groups in Uijoungbu. For this objective physicochemistric and microbiological experiment were performed. Simplified water in Uijoungbu(Howondong Darakwon, Singokdong Chudong, Songsandong Mangadae, Songsandong Gacbawe, Songsandong Gusungmal, Songsandong Baebul, Ganeung3dong) tested by this study physicochemistric elements suited the test. However, Songsandong Mangadae exceeded the minimum level suggested as $NO_3-N(10mg/{\ell})$. The population of general bacteria were exceeded the minimum level suggested as drinkable water(less than $100CFU/m{\ell}$). Some simplified water in Uijoungbu were proven to be contaminated.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

Factors affecting corrosion of stainless steels such as pH, oxidation and redox potential (ORP), soil resistivity, water content of soil, chloride ion concentration, bacteria activity, and corrosion potential have been investigated using soil analysis, bacterial analysis, surfacial analysis, and analysis of corrosion potentials of several stainless steels buried in 8 sites of Seoul metropolitan for one year. Corrosion potential was affected by occurrance of corrosion as well as bacteria activity but the behavior of corrosion potential with time is different depending on occurrance of corrosion and bacteria activity. The main factor affecting corrosion of stainless steels in soil is level of chloride ion concentration which is also a main factor affecting corrosion of stainless steels in chloride containing drinkable water. Furthermore, guideline of stainless steels in drinkable water is concluded to be applicable to that in soil by the results from surfacial analysis.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.2003-2007
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• 2011

We report a highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for the selective trace analysis of mercury (II) ions in drinkable water using aptamer-conjugated silver nanoparticles. Here, an aptamer designed to specifically bind to $Hg^{2+}$ ions in aqueous solution was labelled with a TAMRA moiety at the 5' end and used as a Raman reporter. Polyamine spermine tetrahydrochloride (spermine) was used to promote surface adsorption of the aptamer probes onto the silver nanoparticles. When $Hg^{2+}$ ions are added to the system, binding of $Hg^{2+}$ with T-T pairs results in a conformational rearrangement of the aptamer to form a hairpin structure. As a result of the reduced of electrostatic repulsion between silver nanoparticles, aggregation of silver nanoparticles occurs, and the SERS signal is significantly increased upon the addition of $Hg^{2+}$ ions. Under optimized assay conditions, the concentration limit of detection was estimated to be 5 nM, and this satisfies a limit of detection below the EPA defined limit of 10 nM in drinkable water.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

In this manuscript, $35m^3/d$ NF unit was designed and applied for surface water treatment of the River Nile water. Intake of Embaba drinking water treatment plant was selected to install that unit at since; it has the lowest water quality index value through the examined 6 sites in greater Cairo area. The optimized operating conditions were feed and permeate flow, 40 and $7m^3/d$, feed pressure 2.68 bar and flux rate $37.7l/m^2h$. The permeate water was drinkable according to Egyptian Ministerial decree 458/2007 for the tested parameters (physic-chemical, heavy metals, organic, algal, bacteriological and parasitological). Single and double sand filters were used as pretreatment for NF membranes but continuous clogging for sand filters moved us to use UF membrane as pretreatment for NF membrane.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.181-200
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• 2012

At present water crisis is not an issue of scarcity, but of access. There is a growing recognition of the need for increased access to clean water (drinkable, agricultural, industrial use). An encouraging number of innovative technologies, systems, components, processes are emerging for water-treatment, including new filtration and disinfectant technologies, and removal of organics from water. In the past decade many methods have been developed. The most important membrane-based water technologies include reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), and nanofiltration. Beside membrane based water-treatment processes, other techniques such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) have also been developed. Some unconventional water treatment technology such as magnetic treatment is also being developed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1699-1700
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• 2008

The dissertation is based on the 'remote monitoring control system' for a water desalination plant which changes seawater into safe clean drinkable water. The system is operated and supported by a satellite link which can be easily handled and monitored by any professional. Therefore the system can be operated from any given location. The design allows it to function on islands that have frequent and severe water shortages via the satellite from the main sector. It shows the specific details for the main provision on building the remote monitoring control system for the water desalination.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.5-9
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• 2019

Desalination requires large energy. This experiment deals to desalinate brackish water through solar panels. The discharge from desalination plants is almost entirely water, and .01 percent is salt. Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. Solar-powered desalination technologies can be used to treat non-traditional water sources to increase water supplies in rural, arid areas. Water scarceness is a rising dilemma for large regions of the world. Access to safe, fresh and pure clean drinking water is one of the most important and prime troubles in different parts of the world. Among many of water cleansing technologies solar desalination/distillation/purification is one of the most sustainable and striking method engaged to congregate the supply of clean and pure drinkable water in remote areas at a very sound cost. Six types of dripper having discharge 3 - 8 lh-1 were installed one by one and measured discharge and volume of clean water indicated that at 6 lh-1 untreated water discharge have maximum evaporation and volume of clean water was 19.2 lh-1 at same temperature and radiations. Now strategy was developed that when increased the temperature the intake discharge of untreated water must be increased and salt drained water two times more than treated water.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2011

The deficiency of clean water is a major global concern because all the living creatures rely on the drinkable water for survival. On top of this, abundant of clean water supply is also necessary for household, metropolitan inhabitants, industry, and agriculture. Among many purification processes, advances in low-energy membrane separation technology appear to be the most effective solution for water crisis because membranes have been widely recognized as one of the most direct and feasible approaches for clean water production. The aim of this article is to give an overview of (1) two new emerging membrane technologies for water reuse and desalination by forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD), and (2) the molecular engineering and development of highly permeable hollow fiber membranes, with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) as the main focuses for the aforementioned applications in National University of Singapore (NUS). This article presents the main results of membrane module design, separation performance, membrane characteristics, chemical modification and spinning conditions to produce novel hollow fiber membranes for FO and MD applications. As two potential solutions, MD and FO may be synergistically combined to form a hybrid system as a sustainable alternative technology for fresh water production.