• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.663-670
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• 2011

Under a daily photoperiod of 14h light and 10h dark synchronization of cell cycle in Korean Cyanothece spp. strains and $Synechococcus$ sp. strain Miami BG043511 was analyzed as to be applicable to enhanced hydrogen production. For all strains peaks of double cell were observed during the light period of a daily cycle. Peaks of maximal cell size measured by a coulter counter appeared at the peak of double cells observed under light microscope reconfirming the synchronization of daily cell cycle. The cell cycle synchronization became weakened within two days when treated with continuous illumination. Rapid detection of the peak time of double cell percentage by coulter counters may contribute to quasi-realtime feedback control for efficient production of photobiological hydrogen by unicellular cyanobacterial strains.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.280-288
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• 2019

A submerged breakwater is one of the coastal structures used to reduce wave energy and coastal erosion. However, a submerged breakwater has a negative aspect in that a strong rip current occurring around an open inlet due to a difference in mean water levels at the front and rear sides of the structure leads to scouring. Such scouring has a bad effect on its stability. In order to eliminate this kind of demerit, this study investigated an artificial reef of the overflow type with openings. We also developed a program where the flows around the artificial reef of the overflow type could be analyzed numerically. An unstructured grid system was used to cover the various geometries, and the level set method was applied to treat the movement of the free surface. To verify these numerical schemes, hydraulic physical tests were performed on the submerged breakwater and double breaking type artificial reef. Then, the wave height and velocity distribution around the reef were examined using the experimental results. Comparisons between the results of hydraulic and numerical tests showed reasonable agreement.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.477-480
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• 2017

전기이중층 Capacitor는 대전력을 쉽게 충방전할 수 있는 전력저장장치로 순간전압강하 보상장치, 정전대책장치, 회생전력 흡수장치 등 적용하는 범위가 광범위하게 확대되고 있다. 전기이중층 Capacitor의 산업용 응용분야로서 제어회로 전원에 많이 사용되고 있는 ATX 전원의 Backup소자로서 전기이중층 Capacitor를 적용하고 있다. 본고에서는 ATX 전원에 전기이중층 Capacitor M-CAP을 응용한 사례를 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 2012

The objective of this study is applied to office buildings to evaluate quantitative evaluation method about performance of double-skin at design stage to establish the basis for the purpose of evaluation performance. Select the evaluation building about design plan for applying the double-skin using the dynamic heat load analysis program the annual heating and cooling load of before and after the double-skin. Using CFD to analyze wind factor and applied ventilation for realistic results. Effects of double-skin to apply, and control techniques that can be done more realistically proposed through to set and control for shade control mode of ventilator and inside cavity wall of double-skin. Apply for the building the double-skin due to interpretation of the annual heating and cooling loads applied to interpret the quantitative effect confirmed the possibility. According to the form of a double skin was confirmed cavity environmental changes.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.24-27
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• 2012

The measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) as electric insulating material is important for its practical superconducting device application. The thermal strain induced to HTS tapes and its insulating material during cooling from room temperature might largely affect the critical current ($I_c$) of HTS tapes. In this study, the thermal contraction of PPLP material was measured during cooling from 300 K to 77 K using double extensometers. Initially, the CTE of a brass tape was measured and it was compared with a reference data. It was found that the measured thermal expansion data of the brass material approaches that of the reference one. Based on the results, it was then confirmed that the measurement technique could be applied to thin and flexible samples. Therefore, the same measurement procedure was applied to PPLP material using double extensometers. As a result, the linear CTE of the PPLP at 77 K has been measured to be ${\sim}15.3{\times}10^{-6}/K$. Also, it was found that the thermal contraction characteristics of PPLP was dominated by polypropylene on the cross direction (higher thermal contraction) while it was dominated by Kraft paper on the machine direction (lower thermal contraction). Overall, this measurement procedure could be adopted for the determination of CTE of flexible materials such as PPLP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.394-405
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• 2022

This paper presents the numerical estimation results of oil outflows from damaged single-hull and double-hull ships by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A CFD method for multi-phase flow analysis was used, and the effects of numerical parameters on oil flows was investigated. Numerical simulations were conducted to predict the changes in oil outflows under various damage conditions owing to grounding or collision accidents and verified through available experimental results. The present numerical results showed a good agreement with the experimental results according to the geometrical characteristics of single and double hulls. In particular, the oil outflows from double hulls accompanying complex interactions between water and oil were reasonably predicted a shown in the experiment. This study established a reliable CFD technique necessary for estimating the oil outflows of damaged ships.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2016

Currently there is a lack of literature on SPICE-level models of double-gate (DG) tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs). A DG TFET compact model is presented in this work that is used to develop a SPICE model for DG TFETs implemented with Verilog-A language. The compact modeling approach presented in this work integrates several issues in previously published compact models including ambiguity about the use of tunneling parameters A_k and B_k, and the use of a universal equation for calculating the surface potential of DG TFETs in all regimes of operation to deliver a general SPICE modeling procedure for DG TFETs. The SPICE model of DG TFET captures the drain current-gate voltage (I_ds-V_gs) characteristics of DG TFET reasonably well and offers a definite computational advantage over TCAD. The general SPICE modeling procedure presented here could be used to develop SPICE models for any combination of structural parameters of DG TFETs.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2014-2020
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• 2017

A compact current model applicable to both single-gate (SG) and double-gate (DG) tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) is presented. The model is based on Kane's band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) model. In this model, the well-known and previously-reported quasi-2-D solution of Poisson's equation is used for the surface potential and length of the tunneling path in the tunneling region. An analytical tunneling current expression is derived from expressions of derivatives of local electric field and surface potential with respect to tunneling direction. The previously reported correction factor with three fitting parameters, compensating for superlinear onset and saturation current with drain voltage, is used. Simulation results of the proposed TFET model are compared with those from a technology computer-aided-design (TCAD) simulator, and good agreement in all operational bias is demonstrated. The proposed SG/DG-TFET model is developed with Verilog-A for circuit simulation. A TFET inverter is simulated with the Verilog-A SG/DG-TFET model in the circuit simulator; the model exhibits typical inverter characteristics, thereby confirming its effectiveness.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.11 s.256
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• pp.791-794
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• 2005

After esophagectomy, the stomach is used most commonly for the method of reconstruction. However, the stomach may not be large enough to be reached the site of anastomosis when it is above the pharynx. We experienced a double primary cancer of the lower esophagus and the larynx. Total laryngectomy and total esophagectomy were done with cervical pharyngojejunogastrostomy for reconstruction. Free jejunal graft is interposed between the oropharyngeal stump and the stomach is pulled-up. We could restore the alimentary track without tension at the anastomotic site and obtain sufficient blood supply.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.57-75
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• 2007

Bulguk Temple, one of the national temples, sublimated the high formalism and symbolism into lovely art, and thus be called the pinnacle of Korean architecture. Of many characteristic structures of Bulguk Temple, the stone stereobate and stairs have a great importance in that we can read out the purpose of the architect through their relics. Especially, the stone stairs are noteworthy for they structuralize the intentional space division. The objects of this observation are Yeonwhagyo and Chilbogyo bridges at the entrance of Keungnakjeon precinct, and Cheongwoongyo and Baekwoongyo stairs at the entrance of Daewoongjun precinct. All these relics are the structures that divide the precinct areas on the basis of Buddhist theory and have strong symbolic meanings as well. Although the diverse studies have made on the structures, there are many insufficient aspects for the manifestation of the meanings. In this study, I considered the Buddhist dogmatic meanings of the structures in the formalistic view of the Buddhist architecture. The study was proceeded in the way that the establishments of former studies were fully reflected in it. Through the study, I could confirm that the objects of consideration have the double formalistic meanings and they are strongly structuralizing the symbolism.