• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2004

GPS double difference, carrier phase measurements are ambiguous by an unknown inter number of cycle. High precision, relative GPS positioning can be obtained from a short time span of data if the integer double difference ambiguities can be determined efficiently. In this study, we used a ambiguities resolution method indicated by Clyde Goad. And I compared with ambiguities using Lambda method. The difference of ambiguities between two method is below ${\pm}$1.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.679-688
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• 2010

Lee (2010) developed a confidence interval for the difference of binomial proportions in two doubly sampled data subject to false-positive errors. The confidence interval seems to be adequate for a general double sampling model subject to false-positive misclassification. However, in many applications, the false-positive error rates could be the same. On this note, the construction of asymptotic confidence interval is considered when the false-positive error rates are common. The coverage behaviors of nine likelihood based confidence intervals are examined. It is shown that the confidence interval based Rao score with the expected information has good performance in terms of coverage probability and expected width.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.87-101
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to test to fit forms of the Engel curves to data. The comparisons were confined to the linear, semi-logarithmic and double-logarithmic forms. Data from the 1970-1987 Urban Household Economy Survey were used to estimate the Engel curves. The twelve categories of consumption expenditure were considered for investigation. Parameters of the Engel curves were derived from OLS and TSLS. In this paper the size of the family was used as the deflater. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. Comparing with the R2 of three foms, it could be concluded that, the linear form generally gave a better fit to data than the other forms did. Only for housing and clothing and foot wear, did the semi-logarithmic form give a better fit. Only for meals outside the home, fuel, light and water charges, and miscellaneous, did the double-logarithmic form give a better fit. 2. Comping with the income elasticities based on the alternative forms, it could be concluded that the differences between the estimates were since each form made different assumption as to the way in which elasticity varied. In general, the semi-logarithmic form gave the highest estimate and double-logarithmic form did the lowest estimate. The difference between semi-logarithmic and the other forms were greater than the those of linear and double-logarithmic form. 3. It was found that the income elasticity varied with the difinition of income used as an explanatory variable in Engel curves.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.513-520
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• 2012

An Agresti-Coull type test is considered for the difference of binomial proportions in two doubly sampled data subject to false-positive error. The performance of the test is compared with the likelihood-based tests. It is shown that the Agresti-Coull test has many desirable properties in that it can approximate the nominal significance level with compatible power performance.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2010

The construction of asymptotic confidence intervals is considered for the difference of binomial proportions in two doubly sampled data subject to false-positive error. The coverage behaviors of several likelihood based confidence intervals and a Bayesian confidence interval are examined. It is shown that a hierarchical Bayesian approach gives a confidence interval with good frequentist properties. Confidence interval based on the Rao score is also shown to have good performance in terms of coverage probability. However, the Wald confidence interval covers true value less often than nominal level.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Double skin facade is a representative advantageous passive technology of building skin in the aspect of energy saving and environment improvement, reduces heat loss with buffer space in winter season and enhances indoor air and comfort of residents by activating natural ventilation in mid-season. However, in summer season, temperature increase in the intermediate space due to solar energy from exterior transparent skin could be a potential problem; also, relatively weak buoyancy of air caused by low density difference between double-skin facade could increase cooling load as air of intermediate space in high temperature hangs. However, proof data is insufficient to objectify such phenomenon. Method: In this study, researchers surveyed air temperature of intermediate space and airflow and diagnosed its cause targeting on applied multistory facade in the building which gives thermal uncomfort to residents. Also, the researchers produced Solar-air heat transfer coefficient meter, measured thermal boundary condition of double-skin facade, and presented the result of measurement as an objectified verification material regarding overheating phenomenon in the intermediate space of double-skin facade in summer season. Result: Inefficient condition was verified that total heat increases and overheating due to insufficient natural ventilation in multistory facade. In addition, logic behind preceding research was objectified and verified regarding high temperature phenomenon in the intermediate space which could increase cooling load in summer season.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.81.3-81.3
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• 2017

In this paper, we report a small-scale emerging island and double arc loops, which are associated with a M6.5 flare, in Active Region 12371. We investigate the spatial and temporal changes of both photospheric magnetic fields using SDO/HMI data and coronal magnetic structures obtained from nonliner force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation. From the vector magnetograms, we find a small-scale emerging island near the main polarityy inversion line about three hours before the flare. The island has a strong shear angle, which is determined by difference between transverse component of observed field and potential field, of around 90 degrees. Furthermore, the NLFFF well reproduces a sigmoidal structure seen in SDO/AIA 94, which is consistent with the double arc loops configuration suggested by Ishiguro and Kusano (2017) who introduced a magnetic configuration showing the double arc instability. The observed emerging island is located among the double arc loops, which is also supproted by their model. Finally, there was an eruption (M6.5 flare) associated with the loops. We discuss a possible role of the double arc instability for the eruption.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.353-363
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• 1994

From January 1978 to December 1992, 59 patients of double chambered right ventricle were repaired. Surgical correction consisted of closure of the ventricular septal defect and resection of anomalous muscle bundles through right ventriculotomy [Group I ; 34 patients] or right atriotomy [Group II ; 25 patients]. Between these two groups, there was no difference in the operation time and the postoperative results. All patients survived. In group I, hemodynamically significant residual ventricular septal defect was found in three and reoperations were necessary. In one patient, subacute bacterial endocarditis developed postoperatively. In group II, complete atrioventricular block developed in one and mediastinitis in two. Follow-up period was from 2 to 75 months [mean 17.1 months]. There was no late death. All patients have remained in sinus rhythm except one patient. Careful evaluation of echocardiographic and catheterization data preoperatively and careful examination of the anatomy intraoperatively are necessary so that double chambered right ventricle should not be overlooked, because most ventricular septal defects are now closed through the right atrium. Repair of double chambered right ventricle is also easily performed through the atrial approach. Transatrial repair should be considered as an alternative to the transventricular approach in patients with this congenital heart defect. Successful surgical correction of double chambered right ventricle is expected with excellent long term results.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.347-354
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• 1997

We developed a GPS phase data processing S/W system which calculates baseline vectors and distances between two points located in the surface of the Earth. For this development a Double-Difference mothod and L1 carrier phase data from GPS(Global positioning System) were used. This S/W system consists of four main parts: satellite position calculation, Single-Difference equation, Double-Difference equation, and correlation. To verify our S/W, we fixed KAO($N36^{circ}.37,E127^{circ}.37,H77.61m$), one of the International GPS Services for Geodynamics, which is located at Tae-Jon, and we measured baseline vectors and relative distances with data from observations at approximate baseline distances of 2.7, 42.1, 81.1, 146.6km. Then we compared the vectors and distances with the data which we obtained from the GPSurvey S/W system, with the L1/L2 ION-Free method and broadcast ephemeris. From the comparison of the vectors and distances with the data from the GPSurvey S/W system, we found baseline vectors X, Y, Z and baseline distances matched well within the extent of 50cm and 10cm, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide design data for deciding covering method in double layers greenhouse. The variation of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and heat flow in air inflated and conventional double layers greenhouse was analyzed. The PPF of air inflated double covering greenhouse was less than that of conventional greenhouse during summer season because the more PPF comes into conventional greenhouse through roof vent which was rolled up for ventilation. The air inflated double layers covering greenhouse was superior to conventional type in the aspect of controlling inside temperature down owing to lower irradiation. The PPF of air inflated greenhouse was greater than that of conventional greenhouse during winter season because the transmittance of conventional greenhouse decreased by dust collected on inside plastic film nearly closed for insulation. Considering the PPF not sufficient for tomato growing in winter, the air inflated double covering system with the greater transmittance was better than conventional covering system. When the inside air of air inflated greenhouse was injected into space between the double layers of covering, the PPF of air inflated greenhouse was much less than the conventional greenhouse because the transmittance of air inflated double covering decreased due to condensation of highly humidified inside air. It was concluded that the more dried outside air should be used for inflating double layers covering. The heat insulation performance of air inflated double covering system was superior to conventional double covering system when comparing the overall heat transfer coefficients for each covering method. However the differences among the overall heat transfer coefficients depending on difference between inside and outside temperatures of greenhouse were great, it is necessary to conduct additional experiment for investigating the overall heat transfer coefficient to design the double layers covering.