• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2008

Aim of the study: Scaffolds are crucial to tissue engineering/regeneration. Biodegradable polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds can overcome the limitations of conventional ceramic bone substitutes such as brittleness and difficulty in shaping. In this study, poly(L-lactide)/hydroxyapatite(PLLA/HA) composite scaffolds were fabricated for in vivo bone tissue engineering. Material & methods: In this study, PLLA/HA composite microspheres were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and were evaluated in vivo bone tissue engineering. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell from rat iliac crest was differentiated to osteoblast by adding osteogenic medium, and was mixed with PLLA/HA composite scaffold in fibrin gel and was injected immediately into rat cranial bone critical size defect(CSD:8mm in diameter). At 1. 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, histological analysis by H-E staining, histomorphometric analysis and radiolographic analysis were done. Results: BMP-2 loaded PLLA/HA composite scaffolds in fibrin gel delivered with osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells showed rapid and much more bone regeneration in rat cranial bone defects than control group. Conclusion: This results suggest the feasibility and usefulness of this type of scaffold in bone tissue engineering.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2019

Objectives: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is considered as a deadly medical condition that affects a growing number of people worldwide. Targeted therapy of ESCC has been suggested recently and required extensive research. With cyclin D1 as a therapeutic target, the present study aimed at evaluating the anticancer effects of doxorubicin (Dox) or Hypericum perforatum L. (HP) extract encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles on the ESCC cell line KYSE30. Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion method. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out to measure the anti-proliferation activity of Dox-loaded (Dox NPs) and HP-loaded nanoparticles (HP NPs) against both cancer and normal cell lines. The mRNA gene expression of cyclin D1 was evaluated to validate the cytotoxicity studies at molecular level. Results: Free drugs and nanoparticles significantly inhibited KYSE30 cells by 55-73% and slightly affected normal cells up to 29%. The IC50 of Dox NPs and HP NPs was ~ 0.04-0.06 mg/mL and ~ 0.6-0.7 mg/mL, respectively. Significant decrease occurred in cyclin D1 expression by Dox NPs and HP NPs (P < 0.05). Exposure of KYSE-30 cells to combined treatments including both Dox and HP extract significantly increased the level of cyclin D1 expression as compared to those with individual treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dox NPs and HP NPs can successfully and specifically target ESCC cells through downregulation of cyclin D1. The simultaneous use of Dox and HP extract should be avoided for the treatment of ESCC.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.662-668
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• 2021

The aim of the present study was to design ascorbyl glucoside (AG) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve skin penetration of AG. AG loaded SLNs were prepared using double emulsion method. The prepared AG loaded SLNs investigated particle characteristics (particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, loading capacity). Skin penetration study was carried out using SkinEthic RHE as one of the reconstructed human epidermis models. The mean particle size and zeta potential of SLNs were 172.65 - 347.19 nm and -22.90 - -41.20 mV, respectively. The loading capacity of AG loaded SLNs demonstrated that loading efficiency and loading amount were ranged from 44.18% to 57.77% and 12.83% to 16.15%, respectively. The results of penetration showed that all SLNs enhanced the skin penetration of AG and the amount of AG from SLNs were approximately 3.7 - 7.4 times higher than that from AG solution. Therefore, AG loaded SLN might be a promising topical drug delivery system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.672-676
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• 2015

Spherical phospholipid bilayers, vesicles, were formed with respect to phase of each layer via a double emulsion technique. The conversion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA) at the outer layer, caused by phospholipase D (PLD), induced a curvature change in the vesicles, which eventually led them to fuse each other. The effect of the lipid layer physical-properties on the PLD-induced vesicle fusion was investigated using the fluorescence intensity change. 8-Aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid disodium salt(ANTS) and p-Xylene-bis(N-pyridinium bromide)(DPX) were encapsulated in the vesicles, respectively, for the quantification of the fusion. The fluorescence scale was calibrated with the fluorescence of a 1/1 mixture of ANTS and DPX vesicles in NaCl buffer taken as 100% fluorescence (0% fusion) and the vesicles containing both ANTS and DPX as 0% fluorescence (100% fusion), considering the leakage into the medium studied directly in a separate experiment using vesicles containing both ANTS and DPX. It was observed that the fusion occurred to the liquid-phase of the inner layer only. The fusion behaviors were very similar for both solid and liquid of the outer layer. However, the leakage was faster for the solid-phase outer-layer than the liquid-phase outer-layer. The difference in the leakage seems to be caused by the lipid concentration and the lateral diffusivity in the layer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8259-8263
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• 2016

Background: Nano-therapy has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, was recently recognized as having important biological roles in chemical defenses and nitrogen fixation, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects but the poor water solubility of flavonoids limitstheir bioavailability and biomedical applications. Objective: Chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA was assessed for improvement of solubility, drug tolerance and adverse effects and accumulation in a gastric cancer cell line (AGS). Materials and Methods: Chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG copolymers were prepared using the double emulsion method (W/O/W). The morphology and size distributions of the prepared PLGA-PEG nanospheres were investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM. The in vitro cytotoxicity of pure and nano-chrysin was tested by MTT assay and miR-34a was measured by real-time PCR. Results: 1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM confirmed the PLGA-PEG structure and chrysin loaded on nanoparticles. The MTT results for different concentrations of chrysin at different times for the treatment of AGS cell line showed IC50 values of 68.2, 56.2 and $42.3{\mu}M$ and 58.2, 44.2, $36.8{\mu}M$ after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment, respectively for chrysin itslef and chrysin-loaded nanoparticles. The results of real time PCR showed that expression of miR-34a was upregulated to a greater extent via nano chrysin rather than free chrysin. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG promises a natural and efficient system for anticancer drug delivery to fight gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8693-8698
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• 2014

Background: Up-regulation of hsp90 gene expression occurs in numerous cancers such as lung cancer. D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid-poly ethylene glycol-17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (PLGA-PEG-17DMAG) complexes and free 17-DMAG may inhibit the expression. The purpose of this study was to examine whether nanocapsulating 17DMAG improves the anti cancer effect over free 17DMAG in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Cells were grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS. Capsulation of 17DMAG is conducted through double emulsion, then the amount of loaded drug was calculated. Other properties of this copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Assessment of drug cytotoxicity on the grown of lung cancer cell line was carried out through MTT assay. After treatment, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. In order to assess the amount of hsp90 gene expression, real-time PCR was performed. Results: In regard to the amount of the drug load, IC50 was significant decreased in nanocapsulated(NC) 17DMAG in comparison with free 17DMAG. This was confirmed through decrease of HSP90 gene expression by real-time PCR. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that PLGA-PEG-17DMAG complexes can be more effective than free 17DMAG in down-regulating of hsp90 expression by enhancing uptake by cells. Therefore, PLGA-PEG could be a superior carrier for this kind of hydrophobic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.915-921
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• 2021

In this study, we designed pantothenic acid (PA) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for enhanced skin penetration of PA that is used for moisturizing agent in cosmetics with hydrophilic property. SLNs were prepared using various lipids and surfactants. PA loaded SLNs were fabricated using double emulsion method. The fabricated PA loaded SLNs assessed particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, loading capacity. Skin penetration study was conducted using artificial skin tissue originated from human epidermis as one of the reconstructed human epidermis models. The mean particle size and zeta potential of SLNs ranged from 192.15 nm to 369.87 nm and -21.39 mV to -40.55 mV, respectively. The loading efficiency and loading amount of PA loaded SLNs were ranged from 44.36% to 57.16% and 12.60% to 16.36%, respectively. The results of penetration demonstrated that all SLNs improved PA skin penetration. In addition, the amount of PA from SLNs were approximately 3.8 - 8.8 times higher than that from PA solution. Therefore, the fabricated SLNs demonstrated the enhancment of skin penetration of PA. Particularly, the SLN, which used glyceryl behenate and Span 60, showed optimal skin penetration of PA.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

In the field of makeup cosmetics, especially, powder-based foundations such as two-way cake, pact and face powder, the quality of which is known to be strongly influenced by the properties of powder, surface treatment technology is widely used as a method to improve the various characteristics of powder texture, wear properties, dispersion ability and so on. The two-way cake or pressed-powder foundation is one of the familiar makeup products in Asian market for deep covering and finishing purpose. In spite of the relent progress in surface modification method such as composition of powders with different characteristics and application of a diversity of coating ingredient (metal soap, amino acid, silicone and fluorine), this product possess a technical difficulty to enhance both of the adhesion power and spreadability on the skin in addition to potential claim of consumer about heavy or thick feeling. This article is covering the preparation and coating method of nano-vesicle that mimic the double-layered lipid lamellar structure existing between the corneocytes of the stratum corneum in the skin for the purpose of improving both of two important physical characteristic of two-way cake, spreadability and adhering force to skin, and obtining better affinity to skin. Nano-vesicle was prepared using the high-pressure emulsifying process of lecithin, pseudo ceramide, butylene glycol and tocopheryl acetate. This nano-sized emulsion was added to powder-dispersed aqueous phase together with bivalent metal salt solution and then the filtering and drying procedure was followed to yield the nano-vesicle coated powder. The amount of nano-vesicle coated on the powder was able to regulated by the concentration of metal salt and this novel powder showed the lower friction coefficient, more uniform condition of application and higher adhesive powder comparing with the alkyl silane treated powder from the test result of spreadability and wear properties using friction meter and air jet method. Two-wav cake containing newly developed coated powder with nano-vesicle showed the similar advantages in the frictional and adhesive characteristics.