• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.402-407
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• 2019

Background: To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean Red Ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method: Sixty-three subjects with high stress levels were randomized to receive an orally administered, double-blind, 6-week treatment with Korean Red Ginseng (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31). All participants underwent a comprehensive psychological evaluation using Beck Depression Inventory and Stress Response Inventory, cognitive evaluation using the continuous performance test, biological evaluation by measuring blood levels of lipids, catecholamines, inflammation markers, and heart rate variability at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: At baseline, both groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, years of education, Beck Depression Inventory, and Stress Response Inventory. After 6 weeks, triglyceride levels were significantly increased within the normal limit in the Korean Red Ginseng group (F = 4.11, p = 0.048), and the epinephrine level was decreased in this group (F = 4,35, p = 0.043). The triglyceride increase was significantly associated with epinephrine decrease (B = 0.087, p = 0.041), suggesting that Korean Red Ginseng may stabilize the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we detected a significant group by time effect in the visually controlled continuous performance test, suggesting positive effects of Korean Red Ginseng on cognition. Conclusion: Korean Red Ginseng might help to stabilize the sympathetic nervous system and improve cognition in individuals with high stress.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Background: Ketamine is widely used in infants and young children for procedural sedation and anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose oral ketamine to control pain and distress in children during intravenous (IV) cannulation. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, including children aged between 3 and 6 years requiring a non-emergent IV-line placement. Children were randomly assigned to two groups, treated either with oral ketamine or a placebo. All patients were monitored for vital signs. Pain was assessed using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) scales and sedation using a 5-point sedation score. The facility of IV-line placement was measured by a 3-point scale. Adverse effects were recorded after 1 and 24 hours. Results: A total of 79 and 81 children were entered in the ketamine and placebo groups, respectively. The heart and respiratory rates increased significantly in the placebo group. The median CHEOPS 4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3, 4, P < 0.001) and WBFS 6 (95% CI: 4, 6, P < 0.001) scores decreased statistically in the ketamine group. IV-line placement was 50% easier in the ketamine group (95% CI: 37%, 63%, P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were observed in all cases. Conclusions: Low dose oral ketamine effectively decreased the pain and distress during IV cannulation in children without any significant adverse reactions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

Objective : This study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of bee venom therapy on rheumatoid arthritis by randomized controlled double blind method. Methods : RA patients were recruited and divided into an experiment group and a control group by random selection. As a double blind test, the experiment group was treated with bee venom injection on acupoints, and the control group was treated with normal saline injection on acupoints twice a week for 8 weeks. Tender joint count, swollen joint count, morning stiffness, pain, health assessment questionnaire, ESR, and CRP were estimated and analyzed at baseline, and at 1 month and 2 months after bee venom therapy. Results : Compared to the control group, the experiment group showed significant decrease in tender joint count, swollen joint count, morning stiffness, and health assessment questionnaire after 2 months. Pain, ESR and CRP showed significant decrease in the experiment group after 1 & 2 months. Conclusions : These results suggests that bee venom therapy could be an effective method in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

The determination of the solar and thermal performance of fenestration is required for the evaluation of fenestration energy performance, estimating building load. Presently, there exist several methods for determining the thermal transmission(U-value) and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of fenestration system. These method are commonly grouped under calculation or experimental methods. While U-value testing and calculation methods have been long established, SHGC has been evaluated only by the method of calculation under the lack of any established testing method. However, it is difficult to assess the exact SHGC for various types of fenestration with sun-shading or other solar control systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interior venetian blind and roll screen on the SHGC of glazing system. SHGC has been evaluated by the KS L 9107 test method and exiting calculation method for precise comparison of the energy performances of various shading devices. In this research, the test sample consists of three different types of double glazing unit with venetian blind and roll screen. Slat angles of venetian blind were changed to $-45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, and$-45^{\circ}$. For the roll screen, measurements were taken with the roll screen in the closed position. In result, the venetian blind reduced SHGC by 21.2~28.4% at $45^{\circ}$, when compared to the double glazing unit. The roll screen reduced SHGC by 34.4~41.7% at closed. The differences between the measured and calculated SHGC were found to range between 0.001(0.2%) and 0.047(11.1%) for all test cases. For the cases of venetian blind $-45^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, the deviation ratio were 3.6~9.8%, 1.1~2.6%, 4.2~11.1%, respectively. For the case of roll screen, the deviation ratio were 4.1~5.7%.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2022

Background: Only a few studies directly compared the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) in asthma. We analyzed the asthma treatment outcomes, safety, and patient preferences using formoterol/beclomethasone (FORM/BDP), a pMDI with extra-fine particles, compared with formoterol/budesonide (FORM/BUD), another pMDI with non-extra-fine particles. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy parallel group study, 40 adult asthmatics were randomized to FORM/BDP group (n=18; active FORM/BDP and placebo FORM/BUD) or FORM/BUD group (n=22; active FORM/BUD and placebo FORM/BDP). During the two visits (baseline and end of 8-week treatment), subjects were asked to answer questionnaires including asthma control test (ACT), asthma control questionnaires (ACQ), and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA). Lung function, compliance with inhaler, and inhaler-handling skills were also assessed. Results: Ten subjects in the FORM/BDP group and 14 in the FORM/BUD group completed follow-up visits. ACT, ACQ, QLQAKA (a primary outcome), and adverse events did not differ between two groups. We found that the increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the pulmonary volume in the FORM/BDP group was higher than in the FORM/BUD group. Regarding preference, subjects responded that the flume velocity of FORM/BDP was higher, but more adequate than that of FORM/BUD. They also answered that FORM/BDP reached the trachea and bronchus and irritated them significantly more than FORM/BUD. Conclusion: The use of pMDI with extra-fine particles may relieve small airway obstruction more than the one with non-extra-fine particles despite no significant differences in overall treatment outcomes. Some asthmatics have a misconception about the adequacy of high flume velocity of pMDIs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.364-364
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• 2016

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1974년도 학술대회지
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• pp.65-67
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• 1974

In a double-blind test performed for 33-days on healthy students 2 capsules daily of Geriatric Pharmaton (ginsengextractvitamins and diethylaminoethanol) and of Gerikomplex Vitamex (ginsengextract viatmins but no diethylaminoethanol) showed a significant positive effect on psychomotor activity and simultaneous capacity. With the two methods used no difference between the prerarations could be demonstrated.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.187-191
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• 1980

From its effects on a variety of symptoms, red ginseng powder proved clinically usable as a the-rapeutic for many diseases

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1991

자폐증의 임상증상 완화에 대한 Carbamazepine의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 위약으로 대조한 이중맹(placebo controlled double blind) 연구를 실시하였다. 연구대상 아동은 1989년 10월부터 1991년 11월까지 서울대학병원 어린이병원 소아정신과 외래를 방문한, DSM-III-R의 전반적 발달장애의 진단기준을 만족시키면서, 부모가 연구에 동의한 23명의 남아로 하였다. 또한 다른 내과적 혹은 정신과적 질환력을 갖지 않으며, 연구 시작전 적어도 2개월이상의 약물복용이 없는 기간을 갖도록 하였다. 연구 대상군의 Cabamazepine치료군과 위약군으로 할당을 무작위적 할당표에 의해 할당하였는데, 각각 12명, 11명이 해당되었다. 연구 대상 아동의 상태를 모르는(blind) 2명의 평가자에 의하여, 기초관찰 기간과 12주의 약물치료 기간후에 측정한 검사도구의 측정값의 변화와 약물에 대한 부작용을 보았다. 두 검사자간의 신뢰도는 .4875-.6613이었다. 기초 관찰기간시 두군사이의 사회 인구학적 변인 및 검사도구의 값은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 약물 치료 기간 종결시 측정한 검사도구의 값과 기초 관찰기간의 값을 비교한 결과, Autism Behavior Checklist상 전체 점수의 유의한 차이(P<.05), 즉 Carbamazepine치료군이 위약군보다 자폐증 증상의 완화정도가 큰 소견을 보였다. Vineland Social Maturation Scale에서는 두군 모두에서 약물 치료 기간동안 사회성숙도상의 발달이 유의한 정도(P<.005)로 있었다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1995

The efficacy of fluoxetine was evaluated in 32 patients with major depression in double-blind amitriptyline-controlled clinical trials. Patients were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of treatment with 20mg/day of fluoxetine and 25-100mg/day of amitriptyline. We used the Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D) and the Clinical Global Improvement(CGI) to evaluate the improvement of depression. In addition, we also used the Covi Anxiety Scale and the Anxiety/Somatization subscale of HAM-D to investigate the relieving effect of anxiety. The improvement by fluoxetine in mean total score of HAM-D and CGI was comparable to amitriptyline. Fluoxetine also reduced anxiety significantly, but there was no difference between fluoxetine and amitriptyline in relieving anxiety symptoms. Fluoxetine showed considerably less adverse effects, especially anticholinergic effect and weight gain than amitriptyline. In conclusion, 20mg/day of fluoxetine was sufficiently effective in the treatment of depressive patients and was better tolerated than amitriptyline.