• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.85-102
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• 2002

The research has the aim of defining the special characteristics of the functionalist fashion design in the 20th century by understanding the essence of functionalism in the sociocultural contexts and studying functionalism in fashion design and architectural and product design by the comparative. Giving careful consideration to functionalist fashion design in the 20th century makes it possible to foresee the way of fashion design to meet the needs of the moderns and men of the future world. To obtain the purposes, documentary study and comparative study have been executed. Main results are as follows. Functionalism stressed in the beginning of the 20th century can be defined and categorized using three analogies, mechanical analogy of futuristic quality based on mechanical aesthetics and standardization by mass production, organic analogy in which the perfect beauty of nature is stressed on, moral analogy of fitness for purpose and absence of ornament based on integrity and sincerity. In while, functionalism in 1990s has been developed in different ways from those analogies. In comparative studies, functionalist fashion design and architectural and product design have the dissimilarity as well as the similarity of formative features. Since fashion design has much closer relation to human body and movements. it has been expressed considering a division of men and women and the places and times for the designs more than other designs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.13-29
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• 2008

This study analyzes the patterns of Baekje accessories, including pattern kinds, symbolic meanings and pattern types. And also this study shows the characteristics of accessory patterns and gives a chance for reflecting upon the patterns of Baekje costume. This study is qualitative research using documentary records related with the accessories of Baekje and evacuated data. The results of the study are as the followings: First, the kinds of patterns were classified four groups, floral, animal, geometrical and other patterns. Also, the symbolic meanings of its were authority, prolificacy, longevity and protection against evil spirit. Floral pattern was expressed most frequently. Second, the types of patterns were classified two groups, individual and compound type. Both of them was variously expressed. Third, The major material was copper with gold. Most work techniques were boring and hammering. The patterns were the composition of floral or animal patterns as a main design and geometrical patterns as a section or border design. Forth, the expressive characteristics of Baekje accessory patterns were to prefer floral patterns and to express symmetrical composition of patterns, therefore the patterns of Baekje accessories showed their esthetic sense like elegance, mild, serenity, a sense of stability and the sense of balance. In conclusion, the expressive characteristics of Baekje accessory patterns would be expressed on the Baekje costume.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.4 s.10
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze formative features of women shoes, to develop distinctive shoes design for coming fashion trend. the methods of this study are documentary research and case study. In the theoretical study, this study has catched the origin of shoes and the changes of shoes design of each era. for the study of formative features of women shoes in 1990's, 215 kinds of pictures have been selected from in professional shoes magazines. The results of analysis are as follow. Woman shoes categorized the design factors into shape, material, decoration. Reformational shape that reconstructs old shape of shoes by comtemporary aesthetic, shape in that dual images were mixed, re-created shape that was constructed through the reconstruction of structures and shapes of shoes. Material image was strengthened by varying patterns of unburned calf, leopard and zebra. Avant-garde was appeared by using naturalistic material to represent natural beauty or using merry, daring material. Post-modern tendency was appeared like using brassiere strap instead of back strap or using round string in elegant shoes.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.33
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• pp.247-275
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• 2007

This paper is to propose the Direction for the institutional improvement of Financial Supply Chain Management(FSCM) Solution which are currently coming into operation under Global e-Trading Platform. The Financial Supply Chain compromise the entire trade processes and information that manage a trader's cash, Accounts payable and receivable, Risk, working capital, and so on in international trade transaction. From a buyer's perspective, this involves the full procurement-to-payment process. For the seller, it is the order-to-cash cycle. Bolero provides the party concerned a e-trade platform which conformed to these fundamental pre-requisites to underpin fully electronic trade. But this FSCM solution have failed to provide the efficient platform to effectively manage the process of Global e-Trade because it does not correspond with e-Trade environment. Therefore, present FSCM system need the institutional improvement as follows: AA) Strengthening the role of the correspondent Bank under e-Trade System, BB) Extending the function of e-Trade intermediary institution, CC) The introduction of Trade Insurance System, etc. So, by streamlining and automating these processes on an open and flexible platform, The party concerned can optimize their trade transaction and maintain better relations with their business partners

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.33
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• pp.63-89
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• 2007

The UCP is an authoritative compilation of the customs and practice of letters of credit observed by most of the participants in the transaction. It remains the most successful set of private rules for trade ever developed. First issued in 1933, the UCP has been through five revisions, the latest being the present UCP 500, which came into force in 1994. Since 1994, new developments in transport, insurance, electronic commerce and banking industry have spurred the current revision of the rules. The ICC Banking Commission approved UCP 600 on October 25, 2006 by a unanimous vote of 91 to 0. The revision, which will come into effect on July 1, 2007, incorporates a number of changes from UCP 500 as follows : UCP 600 has a leaner set of rules, with 39 articles rather than 49 articles of UCP 500; New sections on "definitions" and "interpretations" have been added to clarify the meaning of ambiguous terms; The phrase "reasonable time" for acceptance or refusal of documents has been replaced by a firm period of five banking days; UCP 600 allows for the discounting of deferred payment credits. However, UCP 600 has two main problems such as the inconsistency with insurance industry and the banking community-oriented rules. We have some months before the commencement of UCP 600. From today to the commencement of UCP 600, we should study the full contents of UCP 600 and the influences on the trade industry.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.139-164
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• 2011

Traditionally courts have been adopted over the years two standards of dealing with compliance of documents such as strict compliance and substantial compliance and the substantial compliance, which was somewhat less demanding than the strict compliance. However the new guidelines of ICC's international standard banking practice for the examination of documents under documentary credits set up how the UCP is to be applied in practice. The payment obligations of an issuing bank to a beneficiary are independence of the performance or the nonperformance of any contract underlying the letter of credit. However, strictly applying the principle of independence and abstraction could produce unfair results by operating unjustly enrich an unscrupulous beneficiary in case of fraud. Accordingly, when a beneficiary presents complying documents, the issuing bank is bound to honour the presentation unless the fraud rule applies on the facts of the case such as forged or material fraud. If it does, the issuing bank(issuer) needs not pay despite the complying presentation of documents by the beneficiary under the Uniform Commercial Code Article 5-109 and case law in America. However the fraud rule was not addressed in UCP 600. In conclusion, view in terms of legal principle and the court cases is variable and difficult to honour or dishonour the presentation in case of application of the independence principle and fraud rule such as the problems on burden of proof timely, possibility of granting injunction in order to protect against victim for bona fide applicant.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.76
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

If additional condition in letter of credit is used in malicious way, it affects the international trade transaction in jeopardy. Therefore, it's significant to identify whether additional conditions are malicious or ordinary in the transaction with letter of credit. In normal cases, thanks to lots of useful features as an international payment method, such as security of payment, legal protection, and versatility, a letter of credit is widely used in international trade. However, even with these advantageous features, a letter of credit is complicate and costly to use, compared to other payment methods. Furthermore, due to its principle of independence from underlying contract, a use of letter of credit creates another type of concern for proper handling and needs significant caution upon field use. At some points, malicious additional conditions are used for buyer's advantage in deal making and fraud instance in worst situation. In addition, some countries request malicious conditions against sellers as a non-tariff barrier. Therefore it's extremely important to recognize whether malicious additional condition exists in letter of credit and, if so, how to deal with it. This study delivers the information to distinguish and categorize the malicious conditions in various cases and to figure out how to deal with them for safer trade with less risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.8
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• pp.151-167
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• 2010

This research is to analyze ethics in fashion design for more valuable and sustainable human life against the increasing alienation of the human being, the global ecological crisis resulted from contemporary consumption society. I expect that it can be helpful to plan ethical fashion design practice more effectively. For this, the documentary study and practical case study have been executed. The results are as follows. The ethics in design can be defined as the responsibility to reform the social, environmental problem of consumptive design, to sustain together without human alienation, environment disruption and to do social good for total human being ultimately. The ethical design practice means to suggest solutions to problems of human rights and environment and to act willingly. Based on this, ethical fashion design appeared as responsible design solution which has two directions. One is the fashion design for coexistence and sharing, including the design for all which considers even underprivileged minority, the design to promote public issues as well as to donate some profits. The other is the eco fashion design for sustainable environment, including eco-friendly design which is reductive and slow in whole design process, the design to inform the seriousness of environmental crisis as well as to donate some profits. The last one of the most important ethical responsibility as fashion designer is to abide by vocational ethics, that is, the prohibition of design piracy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1560-1571
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze relations between digital characteristics and formative features of fashion design in digital era, to find out the best way to make desirable clothes in the future affected by digital characteristics. The methods of this study are documentary research of previous studies and case study. For the study of formative features of fashion design, 100 kinds of pictures have been selected from photographs in fashion magazines, professional books and internet sites. In the theoretical study, digital characteristics are limitless repetition, compressibility, interactivity, ease of deformation and mobility. And formative features of digital design are plasticity & geometry, assemblage, joints & connections, transparency and deformation. The results of analysis are as follow. Formative features of fashion design in digital era are classified nonlinearity, variability and hybrid. There are organic relations between digital characteristics and formative features of fashion design as well as between digital characteristics and formative features of digital design. Also, there is significant similarity between formative features of digital design and formative features of fashion design in digital era.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2001

The origin of Minivan styled RV dates all the way back to the year 1959 when Volkswagen introduced the Microbus in Germany. But the new category of "Minivan" was made, and first used by Chrysler. This was when Chrysler revealed a new vehicle in 1982 named "Minivan". Minivan was successful in gathering the public attention with it′s multi-purpose characteristic. Ever since, many models were introduced in this category by various auto-makers around the world, which made the Minivan segment very competitive. Various Minivans were also introduced by the Korean auto-makers and these models have been finding their place rapidly in the market owing to their unique characteristics. But the reason for the growth of the Minivan category in Korea was quite different from that of other nations. Through out this thesis, the possibilities of a Minivan that can full fill the needs of a new life style of a family in the basis of various documentary records will be discussed. Ways of making roads, where bigger sized Minivans are continuously increasing, more efficient will also be considered. The main topic of this thesis will be about Minivan styled RV(Recreational vehicle) in relation to the change of Korean life style.