• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.144-156
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• 2016

Soil is a dynamic biological system, in which it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities. Knowledge of microbial diversity and function in soils are limited because of the taxonomic and methodological limitations associated with studying the organisms. In this review, approaches to measure microbial diversity in soil were discussed. Research on soil microbes can be categorized as structural diversity, functional diversity and genetic diversity studies, and these include cultivation based and cultivation independent methods. Cultivation independent technique to evaluate soil structural diversity include different techniques such as Phospholipid Fatty Acids (PLFA) and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis. Carbon source utilization pattern of soil microorganisms by Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP), catabolic responses by Substrate Induced Respiration technique (SIR) and soil microbial enzyme activities are discussed. Genetic diversity of soil microorganisms using molecular techniques such as 16S rDNA analysis Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) / Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) / Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA) are also discussed. The chapter ends with a final conclusion on the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques and advances in molecular techniques to study the soil microbial diversity.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.49
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• pp.39-56
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• 2010

This study on the exposed the viewers diversity as a basic cable television service. Diversity is the most basic goal of broadcasting policy has important implications. But still, such as cable and pay-media research on the viewing diversity has made a limited basis. SO much to offer for the cable offers viewers receive the number of channels available to compare the diversity of the field was verified. Price rises of analysis for the cable the more the number of channels offered to supply the channel has increased the diversity of the field. SO granted in accordance with the results of a market strategy, but for a variety of channels to be provided by a policy perspective, the price depending on the choice of a variety of audiences can be quite limited means. That is a wide range of viewers watching the channel had a right to be limited. These phenomena to improve the pay television service and the need to manage the Product channel diversity index was raised.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

Very few studies have addressed the phylogenetic diversity of fungi from Northeast India under the Eastern Himalayan range. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the phylogenetic diversity of culturable soil fungi along the altitudinal gradients of eastern Himalayas. Soil samples from 24 m above sea level to 2,000 m above sea level altitudes of North-East India were collected to investigate soil micro-fungal community structure and diversity. Molecular characterization of the isolates was done by PCR amplification of 18S rDNA using universal primers. Phylogenetic analysis using BLAST revealed variation in the distribution and richness of different fungal biodiversity over a wide range of altitudes. A total of 107 isolates were characterized belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Zygomycota, corresponding to seven orders (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Calosphaeriales, Capnodiales, Pleosporales, Mucorales, and Mortierellales) and Incertae sedis. The characterized isolates were analysed for richness, evenness and diversity indices. Fungal diversity had significant correlation with soil physico-chemical parameters and the altitude. Eurotiales and Hypocreales were most diverse and abundant group of fungi along the entire altitudinal stretch. Species of Penicillium (D=1.44) and Aspergillus (D=1.288) were found to have highest diversity index followed by Talaromyces (D=1.26) and Fusarium (D=1.26). Fungal distribution showed negative correlation with altitude and soil moisture content. Soil temperature, pH, humidity and ambient temperature showed positive correlation with fungal distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2020

There has been an increasing attention to social diversity within communities. Previous studies suggest that social diversity is positively related to social trust and social capital that are intimately related to quality of life. Because of the controversy on social segregation that is an opposite concept of social diversity and is a factor negatively affecting quality of life, more studies on the association between social diversity and quality of life should be undertaken. This study employs a multilevel model to examine the association between social capital and quality of life. We analyzed the association using both the pooled sample and samples splitted based on social class. The empirical result shows that the occupational diversity positively affects quality of life while the income diversity negatively affects quality of life. These results provide useful policy implications for setting urban policy directions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of value diversity on team identity and team conflict and to explore the moderating roles of inclusive climate in the relationship between value diversity and team identity and in the relationship between value diversity and team conflict. This study developed four hypotheses and tested them using regression and hierarchical regression analyses. The results showed that the positive relationship between value diversity and team identity and the negative relationship between value diversity and team conflict were statistically supported. And this study found that inclusive climate played moderating roles in the relationship between value diversity and team identity and in the relationship between value diversity and team conflict. Based on the findings of the study, this study presented managerial implications and suggestions for future studies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.1A
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• pp.62-70
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• 2010

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of various diversity techniques which can contribute to provide efficient multimedia broadcasting services via hybrid/integrated satellite and terrestrial network. Space-time coding (STC) can achieve the diversity gain in a multi-path environment without additional bandwidth requirement. Recent study results reported that satellite systems can achieve high diversity gains by appropriate utilization of STC and/or forward error correction schemes. Based on these previous study results, we present various cooperative diversity techniques by combining STC and rate compatible turbo codes in order to realize the transmit diversity for the mobile satellite system. The satellite and several terrestrial repeaters operate in unison to send the encoded signals, so that receiver may realize diversity gain. The results demonstrated in this paper can be utilized in future system implementation.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-154
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• 2013

In an ever-tougher competitive environment caused by globalization, domestic companies are increasingly adopting business strategies aimed at continuously securing competitive advantage by taking advantage of globally-competitive foreign professionals. Despite a persistent rise of such trend, domestic researches regard migrant workers as the socially underprivileged, and delve into the issue of migrant workers from the policy, welfare, and ethical perspectives. With a growing need to deal with migrant professionals from the strategic viewpoint - to acquire professional talent in an era of global competition, it becomes essential to verify the real effectiveness of migrant professionals. Yet, there has been relatively little discussion of it. This study assumes that based on th137e integration-learning perspective on diversity, the greater the number of foreign professionals, the greater the effect on organizational innovative performance. Also could be effective in managing diversity is diversity-friendly HRM which involves eliminating discrimination against migrant professional workers and treating them fairly. Based on the data collected from 72 domestic companies, this study conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of the percentage of foreign professionals in the total workforce on organizational innovative performance and of the moderating role of diversity-friendly HRM. The results show that the proportion of foreign professionals in the entire workforce has had no significant impact on organizational innovative performance, and that the proportion of foreign professionals in the total workforce and diversity-friendly HRM have had a interaction effect on organizational innovative performance. Based on these research results, the study attempted to interpret the significance of the proportion that migrant professionals make up of the total workforce and of diversity-friendly HRM in relation to organizational innovative performance, and their implications for diversity management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

The objective of this paper is to explore how board gender diversity affects corporate sustainability performance. Therefore, this paper examines the direct association between board gender diversity with corporate sustainability performance and the mediation effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on this association. The study employed a cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected from annual reports, websites, and through the questionnaires that were distributed to Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of all the listed companies of Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh. The partial least square technique of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was employed for data analysis. The result did not find support for the direct association between board gender diversity and sustainability performance in Bangladesh context. This implies that contextual factors, such as, male-dominant board, appointment of female directors based on family ties, lack of education and expertise etc. may discount gender diversity direct influence on sustainability performance. However, the study finds strong support for the mediating role of ERM use within the corporate structure. Further analysis of indirect effect suggests that ERM use mediates the relationship of board gender diversity and sustainability performance in full. This implies that in the Bangladesh context effective use of ERM is highly recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

In this paper, we analyzed a two-branch polarization diversity at a mobile station in NLOS environment when a base station transmits a circularly polarized wave. In order to calculate the correlation coefficient considering the XPD(cross polarization discrimination) between the received signals for the two diversity branches, a simple theoretical model of circular polarization diversity is adopted. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the XPD of circularly polarized wave is less than vertically polarized wave about 6~7 dB in measurement results. And also, it is clearly seen that the correlation coefficient of circular polarization diversity evaluated by the XPD is less than that of vertical polarization diversity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2010

The multicultural society under globalization have made an impact on the education since the end of 20th century. This study is for the theoretical approach and presentation of method about global citizenship education in globalization & multicultural society today. As an education which is suitable in the globalization & multicultural society I present 'cultural diversity' education. The 'cultural diversity' education for fostering global citizenship is needed to enhance the cultural sensibility while learning other cultures. The 'cultural diversity' education is having the values of human rights, fairness, diversity respect and living together. So I present the study lesson plans of 'cultural diversity' education for a global citizenship education from elementary school 6 grade social studies "Natural environments and cultures of world regions" chapter.