• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

This paper discussed the dispersion effect according to the geometrical variation of an internal-loop spparatus by the method of pulse injection of a tracer. The Bodenstein number, which is the dimensionless group characterizing the effect of dispersion, was decreased with increasing the superficial gas velocity in the 50L and the 500L apparatus. But, in the 5L apparatus, the Bodenstein number was increased with increasing the superficial gas velocity in the range of 0 to 2cm/sec but above that range the rate of increase was dropped down to give a constant value because of the phenomenon of gas disengagement. The principle of similarity based on dimensional analysis was applied to design a pilot scale internal-loop apparatus. The effect of dispersion was examined in three different internal-loop apparatus to give the following correlation with major geometric and fluid dynamic properties as variables. B0=4.4014ReG0.117 ReL-0.0065(Hr/Dr)0.76(Dd/Dr)-0.76

• Composites Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.58-63
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• 2010

Tensile and flexural properties and electrical conductivity of MWCNT/epoxy composites with different aspect ratios of MWCNTs were compared. The MWCNT/epoxy mixtures were prepared by mechanical dispersion methods using a homomixer and a three-roll mill, and then composite samples were fabricated by compression molding process. The fractured surfaces of the samples were observed by SEM in order to evaluate the degree of dispersion of MWCNTs. The addition of MWCNTs into epoxy resin improved its tensile strength by 7.0% while its flexural strength increased slightly as compared with the one without MWCNTs. In the case of MWCNTs having highest aspect ratio, the mechanical properties of the composites were decreased. When the contents of CM-95 MWCNTs were varied, maximum of tensile and flexural strengths occurred at 1wt% and 0.5wt%, respectively. From the higher contents than these, tensile and flexural strengths of the composites decreased. Electrical conductivities of in-plane and thought-the-thickness directions of MWCNT/epoxy composites were measured using a two-point probe method. They increased with the increase of the aspect ratios and concentrations of MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.425.1-425.1
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• 2014

Thermal transport in nanomaterials is not only scientifically interesting but also technological important for various future electronic, bio, and energy device applications. Among the various computation approaches to investigate lattice thermal transport phenomena in nanoscale, the atomistic nonequilibrium Green's function approach based on first-principles density functional theory calculations appeared as a promising method given the continued miniaturization of devices and the difficulty of developing classical force constants for novel nanoscale interfaces. Among the nanometerials, carbon atomic chains, namely the cumulene (all-doulble bonds, ${\cdots}C=C=C=C{\cdots}$) and polyyne (alternation of single and triple bonds, ${\cdots}C{\equiv}C-C{\equiv}C{\cdots}$) can be considered as the extream cases of interconnction materials for nanodevices. After the discovery and realization of carbon atomic chains, their electronic transport properties have been widely studied. For the thermal transport properties, however, there have been few literatures for this simple linear chain system. In this work, we first report on the development of a non-equilibrium Green's function theory-based computational tool for atomistic thermal transport calculations of nanojunctions. Using the developed tool, we investigated phonon dispersion and transmission properties of polyethylene (${\cdots}CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2{\cdots}$) and polyene (${\cdots}CH-CH-CH-CH{\cdots}$) structures as well as the cumulene and polyyne. The resulting phonon dispersion from polyethylene and polyene showed agreement with previous results. Compared to the cumulene, the gap was found near the ${\Gamma}$ point of the phonon dispersion of polyyne as the prediction of Peierls distortion, and this feature was reflected in the phonon transmission of polyyne. We also investigated the range of interatomic force interactions with increase in the size of the simulation system to check the convergence criteria. Compared to polyethylene and polyene, polyyne and cumulene showed spatially long-ranged force interactions. This is reflected on the differences in phonon transport caused by the delicate differences in electronic structure.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

Nanosized and aggregated $Y_2O_3:Eu$ Red phosphors were prepared by template method from metal salt impregnated into crystalline cellulose. The particle size and photoluminescent property of $Y_2O_3:Eu$ red phosphors were controlled by variation of the calcination temperature and time. Dispersed nanosol was also obtained from the aggregated $Y_2O_3:Eu$ Red phosphor under bead mill wet process. The dispersion property of the $Y_2O_3:Eu$ nanosol was optimized by controlling the bead size, bead content ratio and milling time. The median particle size ($D_{50}$) of $Y_2O_3:Eu$ nanosol was found to be around 100 nm, and to be below 90 nm after centrifuging. In spite of the low photoluminescent properties of $Y_2O_3:Eu$ nanosol, it was observed that the photoluminescent property recovered after re-calcination. The dispersion and photoluminescent properties of $Y_2O_3:Eu$ nanosol were investigated using a particle size analyzer, FE-SEM, and a fluorescence spectrometer.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2005

Two-dimensional S-wave velocity sections from SH-wave refraction tomography and surface wave dispersions were obtained by inverting traveltimes of first arrivals and surface wave dispersions, respectively. For the purpose of comparison, a P-wave velocity tomogram was also obtained from a P-wave refraction profiling. P and Rayleigh waves generated by vertical blows on a plate with a sledgehammer were received by 100- and 4.5-Hz geophones, respectively. SH-waves generated by horizontal blows on both sides of a 50 kg timber were received by 8 Hz horizontal geophones. The shear-wave signals were enhanced subtracting data of left-side blows from ones of the right-side blows. Shear-wave velocities from tomography inversion of first-arrival times were compared with ones from inverting dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. Although the two velocity sections look similar to each other in general, the one from the surface waves tends to have lower velocities. First arrival picking of SH waves is troublesome since P and PS-converted waves arrive earlier than SH waves. Application of the surface wave method, on the other hand, is limited where lateral variation of subsurface tructures is not mild.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2000

Ipriflavone (3-phenyl-7-isopropoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, IP) is a well-known antiosteoporotic drug with poor bioavailability. In the previous study, we reported that the IP formulation prepared by spray-drying method with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (SIP) was very effective in improving the bioavailability of IP. In this study, we examined the effects of molecular weight and mixture ratios of PVP to IP on the systemic absorption of IP following oral administration of SIP at a dose of 50 mg/kg to rats. In the effect of molecular weight, the Cmax of spray-dried IP with PVP K30 (SIP-K30) was significantly higher than those of spray-dried IP with PVP 360 (SIP-360), spray-dried IP with PVP K90 (SIP-K90), and spray-dried IP with PVP K17 (SIP-K17) (p<0.05). The AUC of SIP-K30 was about 2, 3, and 5.5 times higher than those of SIP-360, SIP-K90, and SIP-K17, respectively. The AUC value of SIP-K30 was significantly greater than those of SIP-K17 and SIP-K90 (p<0.05) except for SIP-360. In the ratio of PVP K30 to drug, the $C_{max}$ and the AUC value of 3 : 7 IP-PVP solid dispersion were similar to those of 5 : 5 IP-PVP and significantly higher than those of the other solid dispersions (p<0.05). It was concluded that the spray-dried IP with PVP K30 at the ratio of 3:7 (w/w) was the best formulation for improving the bioavailability of IP.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.218-222
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• 2018

An oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) layer was formed on Zircaloy-4 tubes by a laser beam scanning process to increase mechanical strength. Laser beam was used to scan the yttrium oxide ($Y_2O_3$)-coated Zircaloy-4 tube to induce the penetration of $Y_2O_3$ particles into Zircaloy-4. Laser surface treatment resulted in the formation of an ODS layer as well as microstructural phase transformation at the surface of the tube. The mechanical strength of Zircaloy-4 increased with the formation of the ODS layer. The ring-tensile strength of Zircaloy-4 increased from 790 to 870 MPa at room temperature, from 500 to 575 MPa at $380^{\circ}C$, and from 385 to 470 MPa at $500^{\circ}C$. Strengthening became more effective as the test temperature increased. It was noted that brittle fracture occurred at room temperature, which was not observed at elevated temperatures. Resistance to dynamic high-temperature bursting improved. The burst temperature increased from 760 to $830^{\circ}C$ at a heating rate of $5^{\circ}C/s$ and internal pressure of 8.3 MPa. The burst opening was also smaller than those in fresh Zircaloy-4 tubes. This method is expected to enhance the safety of Zr fuel cladding tubes owing to the improvement of their mechanical properties.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4261-4266
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• 2011

Polypropylene (PP)/talc compounds with talc content of 20wt% were fabricated by master-batch (MB) and direct compounding method using injection molding. The MB was prepared by mini compounder at $200^{\circ}C$ and the content of talc was 50wt%. The talc dispersion of the PP/talc compound was investigated by SEM-EDS. The talc was well dispersed within PP matrix in case of the MB-PP compound using MB. The rheological properties of the PP/talc compounds were measured by dynamic Rheometer. The MB-PP compound indicates higher shear thinning and elastic property than direct compound. The disperion of talc was certified by G'-G" plot, and Van Gurp-Palmen analysis was applied in order to certify an increase in elasticity.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 1998

The phenomenon of decrease in sizing efficiency when the stock temperature is increased is well recognized as summer sizing, and this is believed to be caused by uneven distribution of sizing agents on paper surface most often incurred by coagulation of sizing agents. When unevenly sized paper is used as coating base stock, nonuniform consolidation of the coating layer may result, which, in turn, causes uneven distribution of binder on coating surface. This causes nonuniform ink absorption to produce print mottle. In this study the effects of simple or polymeric electrolytes, storage temperature and time on the coagulation of cationic dispersed rosin size were investigated using a turbidity measurement method which was verified to correlate well with the particle size of rosin emulsion or its coagulates. Handsheets sized with rosin dispersions coagulated under various conditions were prepared and their sizing degree and coated paper properties including gloss and ink density were examined. The relationship between the sizing nonuniformity of coated papers and its ink absorption property was evaluated. Turbidity of rosin emulsion increased as the storage temperature and time were increased. Addition of simple or polymeric electrolytes caused reduction in $zeta$ -potential of the rosin dispersion and accelerated the coagulation tendency substantially. Reversion of the $zeta$ -potential of rosin dispersion, however, did not occur when coagulation was induced with simple electrolytes. On the other hand, addition of an anionic polyelectrolyte reversed the $zeta$ -potential of the flocculated rosin dispersion. This indicated that electrical double layer compaction and bridging flocculation were coagulation mechanisms for simple and polymeric electrolytes, respectively. Sizing degree decreased as coagulation of rosin was increased. Paper gloss, ink gloss and ink density were increased when sizing degree of base stock was increased most probably due to prevention of base paper swelling and increased binder migration to coating surface. This suggested that uneven printing ink density occurred when uneven sizing development was induced by coagulation of rosin particles.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2003

The reflectance spectrum of optical films thicker than a few microns shows an intensity oscillation due to interference. Since the spectral period of the oscillation is inversely related to film thickness, the thickness of an optical film can be determined from the spectral frequency of the oscillation. For rapid data processing, the spectral frequency is obtained by use of a Fast Fourier Transformation technique. The conventional method of applying a Fast Fourier Transformation to the reflectance spectrum versus photon energy is modified so as to clear the ambiguity in choosing the proper effective refractive index value and to prevent the broadening of the Fourier transformed peak due to the refractive index dispersion. This technique of modified Fast Fourier Transformation is suggested by the authors for the first time to their knowledge. From the analysis of the calculated reflectance spectrum of a 30-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thick dielectric film. it is shown to improve the accuracy in determining film thickness by a great amount. The improved accuracy of the modified Fast Fourier Transformation is also confirmed from the analysis of the reflectance spectra of a sample with 80-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thick cover layer and 13-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thick spacer layer on a PC substrate.