• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.265-288
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• 2007

This study analyzed which conflict management norm was preferred according to unique cultural difference of nation and such conflict management norm influences on conflict management type in solving real conflict when conflict in organization occurs and such conflict norm had a preference and influence on conflict management type in solving real conflict through such conflict management norm. As the result, first, Korean managers showed still high attitude on group interest and aimed to negotiation. But they highly depended on control. Canada managers showed discussion norm of individual interest and performed conflict management laying stress on unity and negotiation. second, as for conflict management of negotiation, both Canada and Korea performed it on the based of his or her interest discussion and as for plural agenda unity positively influenced to unity conflict management in Korea but in Canada, attitude for the future negatively influenced.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.324-339
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• 2005

The WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies started by DDA(Doha Development Agenda : 2001.11)at early 2002 has been held about 20 times until the fist half of 2005. The Negotiation will be terminated until the end of 2005 but now, it is impossible to predict the exact conclusion of the Negotiation. There is a sharp conflict of opinion on the WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies between FFG(Fish Friends Groups : USA, New Zealand etc) and Anti-FFG(Rep. Korea, Japan etc). The Fisheries Subsidies is regulated by the WTO/DDA Negotiation that regulates on the subsidies of industrial products, fisheries products, forest products. Considering the progress of the WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies, Guidelines for the Fisheries Subsidies Negotiation were established in Doha Ministerial Declaration at 2001 and a necessity of a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies has been discussed from 2002 to 2004. After june, 2004, the Negotiation was proceeding as Rep. Korea, Japan and Taiwan agreed with discussing a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies and At 1st, August, 2004, they reached an agreement on a necessity of a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies. At Feb, 2005, discussion was suspended because of presenting the joint proposal from 3 countries(Rep. Korea, Japan and Taiwan) and now discussion on the Fisheries Subsidies is giving the first consideration to classification of prohibited/non-actionable subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, small fisheries, problems of farming, grace period etc. From now on, Considering the 18th~the 20th negotiations, it is expected that discussion of fisheries subsidies regulation including property and range of prohibited/non-actionable subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, a definition of small fisheries is accelerated. In this point of view, this paper analyzed and arranged every country's proposals holding our own position and took a survey to fishermen and fisheries experts about prohibited/non-actionable subsidies. In addition, this paper intends to suggest the way of future-negotiation and provides essential data to help government's policy making through analyzing prohibited/ non-actionable subsidies, farming subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, small scale fisheries.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2018

A new climate regime was intensively negotiated from 2011 to 2015, culminating in adoption of the Paris Agreement. The Agreement went into effect on 4th of November 2016. Follow-up negotiation to implement the Paris Agreement has continued since May 2016 and is expected to be finalized by 2018. This paper reviews and analyzes the process of establishment of the new climate regime based on the Paris Agreement, focusing on the main issues and the negotiating positions of major groups of developed and developing countries. This paper details various important issues determining the final outcome of the Paris Agreement and discusses the follow-up negotiation in the years 2016 and 2017. It concludes with discussion of the various implications of the Paris Agreement, which will determine important aspects of our future socioeconomic life well into the 21st century.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.642-649
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• 2005

Argumentative discussion is one of the important components of an educational program, which allows students not only to learn the process of social negotiation through discussions, but also to improve students' overall research abilities. The purpose of this study was to examine a) the changes between inquiry of before-argumentative discussion and inquiry of after-argumentative discussion, and b) the connections between the inquiry changes and online argumentative discussion. This study analysed 726 messages in an online argumentative discussion, as well as in first research reports and second research reports. The results of the study indicate that science-gifted students' research abilities were improved through on-line argumentative discussion that provided them with feedback based on interactive discussions, and encouraged them to re-examine hypotheses and experiment processes. The science-gifted students showed knowledge and abilities for identifying simple errors in research processes and arguing problems in the flow of the whole logic of research.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제9권spc호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2003

This paper aims to propose that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a method that can help meet the conditions in language learning and instruction. PBL was first used in medical education, where learners engaged in problem-solving activities that reflect the demands of real-life professional practice, thus promoting critical thinking in the content domain. The paper proposes that by applying PBL in language learning and creating situations in which learners work collaboratively on problems, the learners benefit in two respects: (i) they have the opportunity to practise the kind of thinking skills and problem-solving strategies needed in real life, and (ii) they engage in purposeful language activity with others through discussion and negotiation. The paper first provides a theoretical rationale far the use of PBL in language learning and suggests attendant changes in the role of a language instructor in a PBL context. The paper then presents an outline of the stages and components needed in designing an online PBL Unit far use in an undergraduate language class.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.91-114
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• 2013

본 연구는 아동보호사업에 적용될 수 있는 사회구성주의적 가치에 근거하여 우리나라 아동보호사업의 문제점과 함의를 도출하고자 이루어졌다. 연구문제는 첫째, 아동보호사업에 적용될 수 있는 사회구성주의적 가치를 정리하고, 둘째, 외국의 아동보호사업에서 사회구성주의적 가치를 검토하였으며, 셋째, 사회구성주의적 관점에 근거하여 우리나라의 아동보호사업과 외국의 아동보호사업에 대한 차이와 함의를 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구문제와 관련한 연구의 구성은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 국내외 문헌연구를 통하여 아동보호사업에 적용될 수 있는 사회구성주의적 가치로서 협상과 참여를 도출하였으며, 다른 나라의 아동보호사업에서 참여와 협상의 방법을 법적 제도적 기반 중심으로 평가하였다. 마지막으로, 초점집단토론(focus group interview)을 중심으로 아동보호사업에서 참여와 협상을 통해 민주적 관계의 재구성을 시도해야 한다는 것, 학대자의 참여와 협상을 강제할 법적 근거가 부족한 점, 아동이 협상당사자로 인정받지 못하고 있는 문제, 아동보호와 관련한 법 개정 방향 등을 토론하였다. 이와 같은 내용을 바탕으로 우리나라 아동보호사업에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 학생간의 활발한 언어적 상호작용을 촉진하기 위해, 협동적 환경에서 실시한 과학 개념 학습을 위한 소집단 토론이 분자 수준에서의 개념 이해, 적용력, 학생간의 협상에 대한 인식, 의사소통 불안에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 남녀 공학 중학교 1학년 두 학급을 통제 집단과 처치 집단으로 선정하고, '물질의 세 가지 상태'와 '분자 운동' 단원에 대하여 총 7차시 동안 학급별로 전통적 수업과 협동적토론 수업을 실시하였다. 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 처치 집단의 분자 수준에서의 개념 점수가 통제 집단에 비하여 유의미하게 높았으며, 특히 사전 성취 수준하위 학생들의 향상이 두드러졌다. 그러나 적용력 검사에서는 두 집단 간의 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 학생간의 협상에 대한 인식은 처치 집단이 보다 긍정적이었지만, 의사소통 불안은 두 집단 간에 차이가 없었다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2009

This study examined the role of contextual knowledge in cross-cultural communication between non-native speakers on an interactive web with a bulletin board system through which college students of English at Japanese and Korean universities interacted with each other discussing the topics of local and global issues. The study investigated the influence of students' relative contextual knowledge on active participation in interactions and discussed the results focusing on the use of discourse strategies for meaning negotiation. The study argues that in interactions even between non-native speakers with limited proficiency, contextual knowledge in the topic under discussion affects the degree to which they accommodate to each other during communication and suggests that the focus of teaching English as a foreign language also should be given to what kind of contextual knowledge students need to obtain and how to express it rather than what level of proficiency in English they need to acquire.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects which applies teaching program that search solution to prevent global warming in middle school gifted class. This program of total 10 class was theoretical and experimental class and the students presented after collecting the synthetic data about climate-change and roleplayed what they debated to firm their country's opinion about Kyoto Protocol. Finally, students as policymaker made mock Kyoto Protocol by discussion. Impression papers and images about climate-changes was made by students in last class. In discussion of making up mock Kyoto Protocol, developed and developing nations had an argument about carbon dioxide emissions because of their economic benefits. In the course of allocating mutual $CO_2$ reduction, they needed yield and negotiation among nations. Although they mainly took passive position about $CO_2$ reduction, atmosphere that all the country make greater effort for the future global environment was formed. Like this, students had more concepts over climate change by making mock Kyoto Protocol. And they could equipped global scientific literacy and responsibility by participating in social decision making process of solving global environmental issues.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2013

Recently, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has made progress toward resolving low value, high volume disputes in international e-commerce. At the Working Group's 26th session, two draft procedural rules were addressed. The first discussed the draft of Article 9, entitled "Decision by a neutral party." This is based on the suggestion in 26th session to have a "two track" system of ODR, one including negotiation, facilitated settlement, and arbitration phrases, and the other not including an arbitration phase. The second draft procedural rule, draft Article 10, regards the language of proceedings. In most cases of international e-commerce, the decision of language of an ODR proceeding is a matter of importance, for the language parties could differ from each other. This paper examines several implications of UNCITRAL for Korea, which has unstable ODR system.