• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2002

With regard to the manufacture of dental prosthesis, all the dental mechanism is of vital significance at the aspect of activating its function by fixing the prosthesis to Patient's oral cavity. However, if there we will take our immediate action without the discretion about its process none the less for the importance of dental mechanism, then we might have a serious problem. Accordingly, there need to pay attention to the dilatability makes up for the shrinkage state occurring by the feature of metal materials and manufacturing process which appeared in the process of dental mechanism, which eventually is expected to playa very important role in casting a dental prosthesis appropriate to one's oral tissue. This study was designed to take into account of the effects on margin consistency of prosthesis according to the continued time of casting-ring in the course of the casting of dental alloy. For this, the researcher made an experiment on the casting of dental alloy, its dilatability, and the change of phase. The results of this study were as follows: First, the researcher could see that the sample which was cast under the condition of $650^{\circ}C/20$ Minutes(the continued time) was far superior to others at the aspect of margin consistency. Second, according to the measurement of expansion coefficient by Dilatometer, the researcher perceived the fact that the expansion-coefficient showed a maximum of $37.1{\mu}m$ considering the sample's length which was cast with ordinary temperature under the condition of $650^{\circ}C/20$ Minutes. Third, from the result of X-ray diffraction under the condition of $650^{\circ}C/20$ Minutes(the continued time), the researcher could find that there's no difference between the change of phase and its intensity. As mentioned above, the researcher could ascertain the fact that its contraction don't give rise to the change of phase.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.261-282
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• 2012

본 연구는 대구광역시 소재 공공도서관 사서들을 대상으로 직무만족도를 측정하고 이를 운영방식과 고용형태에 따라 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이론적 배경으로 공공도서관의 운영방식과 직무만족의 개념 및 변인을 논하고, 이를 바탕으로 직무만족도 측정을 위한 직무자체, 동료, 상사, 업무, 임금, 복지, 고용 등 7가지 직무만족 변인을 선정하여 설문을 실시하였다. 응답자 전체 평균으로 나타난 만족도를 보았을 때, 직무자체, 동료, 상사, 업무 등 4가지 변인에서 긍정적인 만족감을 표한 반면, 임금, 복지, 고용의 3가지 변인에서는 낮은 만족감을 나타냈다. 운영방식에 따른 직무만족 분석에서 주목할 것은 지자체 위탁도서관과 타 직영도서관 간의 차이였다. 지자체 위탁도서관은 고용불안감에 대한 체감 정도에서 정규직과 비정규직이 거의 동일한 수치를 보였다. 정규직과 비정규직이라는 고용형태에 따른 분석에서 가장 먼저 눈에 띄는 것은 업무결정 참여도와 업무 재량권 측면이었고, 이들 간 차이는 임금, 복지, 고용 측면에서 더욱 확연히 드러났다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2012

2009 개정 교육과정으로 인해 창의 재량 시간이 대폭 늘어났다. 이에 많은 학교들은 독서, 논술로 재량활동 시간을 대체하고 있지만 기존 수업과 차별화가 되지 못해 학생들이 흥미를 느끼지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 학생들이 독서에 흥미를 느낄 수 있는 스마트폰 활용 증강현실 동화책을 디자인하고 개발하였다. Junaio로 제작한 웹브라우저 기반 증강현실 동화책과 QCAR 툴로 제작한 스마트폰 기반 증강현실 동화책은 초등학교 학생들이 수업 시간에 쉽게 활용하였다. 개발한 증강현실 동화책을 초등학교 4학년 학생들에게 적용한 결과 학생들의 독서 수업에 대한 흥미도 및 이해도가 매우 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2019

Third-party funding in international and domestic disputes is a fast-growing trend and it is increasingly used by large, solvent companies that simply wish to share risk in their finance. On January 10, 2017, the Civil Law Amendment Bill was passed in Singapore and on June 2017 an "Arbitration and Mediation Legislation (Third Party Funding) Bill" in Hong-Kong had a third-party funding to finance the international arbitration and other dispute resolutions expressly approved. This arbitral tribunal's expanding discretion over critical interim measure of security cost was in issue. In Essar v. Norscot (2016), the arbitrator found that the additional third-party funding costs were recoverable as "other costs of the parties." In here, the decision showed the issue of a tribunal's power over cost measures could spread out to be reviewed and broadened through the legislative process. A recent investor-state arbitration case of ICSID, RSM Production Corporation v. Saint Lucia, covered the express awarding of security for costs where a claimant was funded by a third-party funder. It seems inevitable that the volume of third-party funding industry will grow more as time goes on. The next step would be to formulate guidelines on how to determine criteria against which an application for security for costs is measured.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2013

To many, recent allegations of earnings management at Enron, coupled with similar ones at many other corporations, are a strong indication of a serious decay in business ethics. Nevertheless, the field of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) has grown exponentially in the last decade. This study investigates the effects of CSR on earnings management. Different to precedent works which focus on Financial Performance, this study attempts to provide empirical evidence for relevance of CSR and Discretionary Accruals(DA). The study used variables in the sustainability report, and DA for its earning management too progress empirical analysis because it is believed that the measurement of accounting transparency is highly related to the CEO's opportunistic selection of the accounting. In terms of Sustainable management activities, Employee training time(ETT) is significantly and negatively associated with Discretionary accruals(DA). And also Industrial Accidents Ratio(IAR) is significantly and negatively associated with Discretionary accruals. Consequently, empirical results suggest that Discretionary accruals associated with the company's CSR activities, such as ETT, and IAR. In this study, there are limitation of generalizations and omitted variable problem.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition teachers' operation and demand of dietary life education in Jeonbuk Province. The study was carried out using a self administered questionnaire and the subjects were 190 nutrition teachers. The questions were general characteristics of the subjects, operating status as frequency, place, the main use time, and training demand on dietary life education by elementary school and middle & high school, teaching career, and training hours. The results are as follows. Most of the subjects were female(98.9%), more than half were 40's(52.1%) in their age, school work career was 13.2 years. Frequency of the dietary life education operation was once per month(56.8%), 2~3 times per month(27.9%), and place of education were dinning room (49.7%), classroom(25.9%). Almost of the subjects(90.4%) recognized the facilities for education was lack, 89.3% of them did the education materials was lack, also. The desirable frequency of dietary life education was once per month(48.9%), and once per week(35.3%.) The half of the subjects recognized the objects of the dietary life education was not only students but also their parents and teachers. The proper education time was dietary life education tim (34.2%), discretion activity time(31.1%). Most of the subjects(95.7%) had willing to get training, the proper training program was 30 hours, and they prefer summer vacation(61.0%) than winter vacation(30.5%) and semester(8.6%). Proper experimental practice ratio of environment : health : thanks were 30% : 43% : 27%. It is concluded that the demand of nutrition teachers is necessary for their education program in elementary and middle & high school.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was getting information to set up the new roles focused on nutrition education for school dietitians as nutrition teachers. One hundred thirty nine school dietitians and 1169 elementary school children residing in Daegu city and Gyeongbuk province were surveyed for this study. Sixty eight percent of the school dietitians perceived 1st-3rd year of the elementary school is the most proper time to start nutrition education, and 59.0% of them wanted to practice nutrition education as a discretion teaching time. The largest proportion(79.1%) of the school dietitians expected that nutrition education is helpful to get good dietary habit. School dietitians responded that major contents that should be included in the nutrition education was balanced diet, diet and habit, managing healthy weight, dining etiquette, food safety and problems of environmental contamination. Fairly large proportion of the students(64.4%) responded nutrition education is urgently needed. The contents of the nutrition education students wanted most were cooking and healthy diet. Forty six percent of the students perceived school dietitians are responsible for nutrition education and they wanted to have nutrition education as a part of special activity class. The most preferred frequency of nutrition education was 1 hour/week and 46.2% of the students responded they wanted to participate cooking camp.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2023

인공지능 교육의 수요가 증가함에 따라 교육 현장에서는 인공지능 교육을 적극적으로 실시하고 있으나 시수 확보와 수업 내용 구성의 어려움, 교육과정의 부재 등으로 인공지능 교육 내실화에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 학교자율과정이 있다. 학교자율과정은 학교에서 교과군내 시수 조정, 성취기준 활용 재구조화 등 교육과정 전반에 자율권과 재량권을 갖도록 한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 인공지능 교육의 내실화를 위해 학교자율과정을 활용한 인공지능 교육 몰입과정을 개발하고 적용하여 그 효과를 분석하였다. 인공지능 교육 몰입과정은 학생들이 한정된 시간 내에 연속적으로 인공지능 교육을 밀도 있게 경험하기 때문에, 내실 있는 인공지능 교육이 이뤄질 수 있다. 인공지능 교육 몰입과정 이후 학생들의 전반적인 인공지능 소양과 자기결정성 학습동기가 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 학교자율과정을 이용한 인공지능 교육 내실화 방향을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

우리나라의 교육시스템은 최근에 자율과 창의에 바탕을 둔 자기 주도적 학습력 배양을 위해서 재량활동영역을 확대하고, 교과 학습에서 직접 체험하기 어려고 현장학습을 통해서만 얻을 수 있는 학습내용들을 배울 수 있도록 다양한 현장학습을 권장하고 있다. 실제로 현장학습을 하도록 권장하고 있으나 학교에서는 시간적 여유 부족, 비용, 날씨, 안전 관련과 같은 문제점들로 현장학습이 확대, 실천되어 이루어지고 있지 않다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 가상현실 도구를 활용한 현장학습모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 현장학습모델을 사용하여 서울 시내 초등학교 4학년 학생들을 대상으로 수업을 진행하였다. 수업한 결과 대부분의 학생들이 수업에 적극적으로 참여하였으며 재미있어 했고 또한 한 한기동안 학업성적이 향상되는 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

Objectives : To characterize the thermal properties of several Korean electric moxibustion apparatus and to suggest methods for improving their quality for related industry as well as the welfare of Korean. Methods : We reviewed previous literatures on traditional moxibustion to find necessary factors for electric moxibustion apparatus. We measured the thermal characteristics of electric moxibustion apparatus commercially available by using an automatic temperature acquisition system in a controlled environment. Uniformity and heat loss of the apparatus were also analysed. We followed the user's manuals of apparatus provided by manufacturers. Results : Temperature control of all apparatus could not be achieved by automatic manners. Most of them were dependent on user's discretion. Maximum temperatures obtained were barely in the therapeutic temperature of $40-45^{\circ}C$. Unnecessary heating of moxibustion parts was detected. Chemicals from moxa were not properly delivered to the human skin. Conclusions : Temperature control of all apparatus needs to be improved in terms of temperature setting, retention time and maximum temperature. Design should be altered to utilize pharmacological effects from moxa to obtain its maximum efficacy. User's manuals should be revised for its clarity.