• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.100-112
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• 2016

In recent, the direction of water resources policy is changing from the typical plan for water use and flood control to the sustainable water resources management to improve the quality of life. This change makes the information related to water resources such as data collection, management, and supply is becoming an important concern for decision making of water resources policy. We had analyzed the structured data according to the purpose of providing information on water resources. However, the recent trend is big data and cloud computing which can create new values by linking unstructured data with structured data. Therefore, the trend for the management of water resources information is also changing. According to the paradigm change of information management, this study tried to suggest an application of big data and cloud computing in water resources field for efficient management and use of water. We examined the current state and direction of policy related to water resources information in Korea and an other country. Then we connected volume, velocity and variety which are the three basic components of big data with veracity and value which are additionally mentioned recently. And we discussed the rapid and flexible countermeasures about changes of consumer and increasing big data related to water resources via cloud computing. In the future, the management of water resources information should go to the direction which can enhance the value(Value) of water resources information by big data and cloud computing based on the amount of data(Volume), the speed of data processing(Velocity), the number of types of data(Variety). Also it should enhance the value(Value) of water resources information by the fusion of water and other areas and by the production of accurate information(Veracity) required for water management and prevention of disaster and for protection of life and property.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.181-196
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• 2019

Floods can be caused by a variety of factors, and the main cause of floods is the exceeding of urban drainage system or river capacity. In addition, rainfall frequently occurs that causes large watershed runoff. Since the existing methodology of preparing for flood risk map is based on hydraulic and hydrological modeling, it is difficult to analyse for a large area because it takes a long time due to the extensive data collection and complex analysis process. In order to overcome this problem, this study proposes a methodology of mapping for flood vulnerable area that considered the surface runoff mechanism. This makes it possible to reduce the time and effort required to estimate flood vulnerabilities and enable detailed analysis of large areas. The target area is Seoul, and it was confirmed that flood damage is likely to occur near selected vulnerable areas by verifying using 2×2 confusion matrix and ROC curve. By selecting and prioritizing flood vulnerable areas through the surface runoff mechanism proposed in this study, the establishment of systematic disaster prevention measures and efficient budget allocation will be possible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.696-706
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify experimentally debris reduction facilities for culverts installed in small rivers. A culvert is defined as a structure laid under a road or a railroad that passes through an inner urban area or downtown area to make an artificial canal. Culverts are generally categorized into road culverts or waterway culverts, among which the latter are artificial structures designed to discharge running water into a river. At the time of floods, the structural safety of waterway culverts can be undermined by the accumulation of debris, such as soil, boughs and weeds, and they may be at risk of overflowing due to blockages. Debris reduction facilities are necessary to prevent such damage. In this study, the effects of the three existing types of debris reduction facilities were examined through hydraulic experiments. The results of the experiments showed that vertical separation to divert debris reduced the accumulation rate by 27.65 to 31.39 percent. The two types of screen designed to block and divert debris, respectively, were found to have excellent debris blocking abilities. However, when the effects of the rising water level are considered simultaneously, the screen to divert debris was found to show superior effects. The screen to block debris can be considered to have excellent debris blocking ability, but requires the continuous collection of the debris, due to the high risk of rising water levels caused by its accumulation.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.343-350
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• 2017

Amid increasingly saturated ground space, development of underground space has been booming throughout the world and excavation has been underway near the structure above or under the ground level. But the ground subsidence caused by improper or poor construction technologies, underground water leakage, sudden changes of stratum and the problem with earth retaining system component has been emerged as hot social issue. To deal with such problems nationwide, establishment of preventive and proactive disaster management and rapid restoration system has been pushed now. In this study, collection of the data on technology development trend to secure the underground safety was made, taking into account of internal change elements (changing groundwater level, damage to underground utilities, etc) and external change elements (vehicle load, earthquake and ground excavation, etc) during excavation. Amid the growing need of ground behavior analysis, ground subsidence evaluation technology, safe excavation to prevent ground subsidence and reinforcement technology, improvement of rapid restoration technology in preparation for ground subsidence and development of independent capability, this study is intended to introduce the technology development in a bid to prevent the ground subsidence during excavation. It's categorized into prediction/evaluation technology, complex detect technology, waterproof reinforcement technology, rapid restoration technology and excavation technology which, in part, has been in process now.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Regardless of the ignition source, the main factors affecting the spread of flames to the human body are combustibles. The sound absorption material, which is the finishing material used in music institutes and karaoke rooms, consists of polyurethane that generates a large amount of toxic gas with a high amount of combustion gases during a fire. Still, the current law does not require the use of impregnated finishing materials for tutoring services with less than 100 users. In this study, the rate of flame diffusion was measured using the MultiRaelite composite gas measuring instrument (target substance VOC, HCHO, SO₂, CO₂, CO, HCN, and NO₂) for the collection of sound-absorbing materials installed in the actual music academy. The results showed that the toxic gas found in this experiment exceeded the allowable concentration of TWA (Time Weighted Average) and STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit). In addition, a comparative combustion test of the general sound absorber and non-combustion sound absorbing materials on the market showed wide differences in ignition and diffusion. Therefore, based on the results of the experiment, private institutes with less than 100 users should be mandated to use non-combustion sound absorbing materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2017

Among the forest road pavement methods, the majority of current constructions utilize concrete pavements but it has disadvantages as follows: many cracked concrete pavements generated by the erosion of underlying soil layers, could not be used as forest roads in steep slope during winter, and cement contains hazardous chemicals (hexavalent chromium, etc.). In order to supplement the limitations of the use of concrete pavement, this study was conducted to investigate the operation process and cost, the strength and compaction of the experimental forest road pavement(85 m) utilizing eco-friendly solidification material at Goryeong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The work elements of experimental forest road paving were classified into: preparation, Roadbed excavation, Roadbed grading, subgrade compaction, form work, collection and selection of site soil, mixing site soil and eco-friendly solidification material, paving by eco-friendly solidification material, compaction by vibrating roller and curing. The result of economic analysis using construction cost shows that for concrete costs total to $38,681won/m^3$ while for the eco-friendly paving material it is $38,245won/m^3$. Thus the construction costs for concrete and the eco-friendly paving material are similar. And the results of the Schmidt Hammer test for strength analysis by curing period are 10.5-13.5 MPa for 7 days, 18.1-22.7 MPa for 14 days, and 20.8-23.0 MPa for 28 days.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.268-274
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: A large scale of sediment load delivered from watershed causes substantial waterway damages and water quality degradation. Controlling sediment loading requires the knowledge of the soil erosion and sedimentation. The various factors such as watershed size, slope, climate, land use may affect sediment delivery processes. Traditionally sediment delivery ratio prediction equations have been developed by relating watershed characteristics to measured sediment yield divided by predicted gross erosion. However, sediment prediction equations have been developed for only a few regions because of limited sediment data. Besides, little research has been done on the prediction of sediment delivery ratio for asia monsoon period in mountainous watershed. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study Tank model was expanded and applied for estimating sediment yield to Oship River of east coast. The rainfall-runoff in 2006 was verified using the Tank model and we derived good result between observed and calculated discharge in 2009 at the same conditions. In relation to sediment yield, the sediment delivery rate of 2006 was very high than 2009 regardless of methods for estimating sediment load. It was thought to be affected by heavy rainfall due to the typhoon. CONCLUSION(s): For estimating sediment volume from watershed, long-term monitoring data on discharge and sediment is needed. This model will be able to apply to predict discharge and sediment yield simultaneously in ungauged area. This approach is more effective and less expensive method than the traditional method which needs a lot of data collection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

A reservoir is defined as an artificial facility that stores and controls water during floods and droughts. Korea has constructed and managed reservoirs all over the country to benefit farming communities. The importance of reservoirs has decreased gradually due to urbanization and the spread of tap water, but the importance of water is increasing because of the recent shortage of water and the resulting rise in the price of water resources. Therefore, this study suggests countermeasures through an analysis of the used threshold for agricultural reservoirs. To this end, the forecast of rainfall up to 2100 was first analyzed using flood estimates and RCP scenarios through rainwater data collection. The increase in the RCP 8.5 scenario, the largest increase in the probability rainfall, was calculated by adding it to the current probability rainfall, and it was predicted that the marginal height of Odong Dam would reach its limit in 2028. Therefore, as a countermeasure against this, the measures to secure effective water storage were suggested through measures, such as lowering the height of Yeosu and installing movable beams. Overall, it is expected that effective management of the reservoirs used for agriculture will be possible in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

This study used a quasi-experimental method to investigate if both travel involvement and the degree of recall of a traumatic event affect subjective well-being. For this, independent variables such as positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction were established. Four waves of data collection were performed with two to three weeks intervals, then the collected longitudinal data were analysed by repeated measure ANOVA. The study results indicated that travel involvement increases positive affect and life satisfaction, with the effect lasting four weeks or more, which means that travel is an effective tool to boost subjective well-being. Respondents who thought about a traumatic event more frequently had a much higher negative affect following the disaster, and such increased negative affect was maintained over seven weeks or longer. Therefore, this study finds that negative events produce larger, more consistent, or more lasting effects than positive events. As well as travel participation, visiting an urban park is a pleasurable experience. Therefore, the study also finds that urban parks could be utilized for increasing and maintaining subjective well-being in the middle and long term as well as lessening personal stress.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.42-48
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• 2016

Inundation Maps are used to predict potential areas of flooding through the signs of past flooding and flood inundation analysis for flooding expected in the future, and this has led to the development of various forms of disaster-related services by governments. However, each institution has its own individual scenarios for making maps for spatial expression. Therefore, the type of spatial information is not standardized and has many forms and structures. In this study, we attempted to design the metadata that would allow Inundation Map information to be shared and used in various fields. The international standard, ISO 19115, and the domestic standards, KS X ISO 19115, TTAS.IS - 19115 and TTAS.KO - 10.0139/R1 of TTA, were used in the design to derive an appropriate standard for comparative analysis by dividing into maintenance, constraints, metadata, spatial reference system, identification, and distribution. It is expected that inundation maps will be easier to utilize and distribute among institutions and private companies by systematically collecting and managing them through the metadata design based vector space information standard developed in this study.