• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2019

In this paper the effect of bedding layer on the failure mechanism of rock in direct shear test has been investigated using particle flow code, PFC. For this purpose, firstly calibration of pfc2d was performed using Brazilian tensile strength. Secondly direct shear test consisting bedding layer was simulated numerically. Thickness of layers was 10 mm and rock bridge length was 10 mm, 40 mm and 60 mm. In each rock bridge length, bedding layer angles changes from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $15^{\circ}$. Totally 21 models were simulated and tested. The results show that two types of cracks develop within the model. Shear cracks and tensile cracks. Also failure pattern is affected by bridge length while shear strength is controlled by failure pattern. It's to be noted that bedding layer has not any effect on the failure pattern because the layer interface strength is too high.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2019

연구목적: 직접전단시험의 문제점 중에 하나인 시험시편의 크기효과에 대하여 모래시료를 대상으로 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 연구방법: 우리나라를 대표하는 모래인 주문진 표준사를 연구 대상으로 사용하였다. 상대밀도 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%에 대한 전단강도를 분석하기 위하여 대형직접전단시험을 수행한 후 소형직접전단기의 시험결과와 비교분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과: 상대밀도가 촘촘한(dense) 영역에서는 소형전단시험기의 내부마찰각이 비교적 큰 경향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 상대밀도가 중간(medium)정도의 영역에서는 대형전단시험기의 결과가 비교적 큰 경향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 모래흙에서 직접전단시험의 시료에 대한 크기 효과는 비교적 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1981

In order to investigate the characteristics of the shear strength of the unsaturated cohesive soils which has mean characters of sand and clay widely used for banking, I selected soil samples from An-sung district and, against it, performed direct shear test and unconfined compression test changing grain size, compaction energy and moisture content and also performed triaxial compression test under optimum moisture content. The results are as follows; 1.As the passing percent of the No. 200 sieve increased from 23.6% to 56.1%, cohesion increased from 0. 202kg/cm2 to 0. 398kg/cm2 under the direct shear test and from 0.38 kg/cm2 to 1. 05kg/cm2 under the tria4al compression test, internal friction angle decreased from 44. 78$^{\circ}$ to 34. 34$^{\circ}$ under the direct shear test and from 31. 88$^{\circ}$ to 13. 31$^{\circ}$ under the triaxial compression test. 2.Cohesion showed it's maximum value around OMC and internal friction angle showed a tendency to increase according to the decrease of water content but it's increasing ratio was relatively slow. 3.Decreasing ratio of cohesion and internal friction angle was relatively sensitive according to the decrease of compaction energy. 4.The smaller of the vertical stress and the coarser of the grain size of samples, changing of the volume showed a tendency to increase and as the increase of water content, the shear displacement (dh) at failure shear stress ($\tau$f) showed maximum and the $\tau$f-dh curve was gentle. 5.To synthesize the results of the direct shear test and the triaxial compression test, cohesion showed higher under the triaxial compression test and internal friction angle showed a tendeney to appear higher under the direct shear test. It seems that we can get correspondent results by removing the side friction of mold with soils and adjusting the vertical stress and shearing speed under the direct shear test.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : Bituminous materials, such as tack coat, are utilized between pavement layers for improving the bond strength in pavement construction sites. The standards regarding the application of bituminous material are not clearly presented in the Korean construction guideline without RS(C)-4. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the optimum content of bituminous materials by analyzing interlayer shear strength (ISS) from the direct shear tester, which was developed in this research. The shear strength of tack coat was defined with the sort of bituminous materials. METHODS : The mixtures for the shear test were made using marshall mix design. The specimens were vertically and horizontally separated for the direct shear test. The separated specimens were bonded using bituminous material. The objectives of the experiment are to determine the performance of bond and shear properties resulting from slippage, rutting, shovel, and corrugation of asphalt pavements. A machine based on the Louisiana interlayer shear strength tester (LISST) of NCHRP Report-712 was developed to determine the ISS. The applied types of tack coat were RS(C)-4, AP-3, QRS-4, and BD-coat with contents of $0.3{\ell}/m^2$, $0.45{\ell}/m^2$, $0.6{\ell}/m^2$, and $0.8{\ell}/m^2$, respectively. RESULTS : Table 2 gives the results of the direct shear test using the developed shear machine. The BD-coat type indicated the highest average ISS value compared to the others. Between the surface and binder course, optimum tack coat application rates for AP-3, RS(C)-4, QRS-4, and BD-Coat were $0.6{\ell}/m^2$, $0.3{\ell}/m^2$, $0.6{\ell}/m^2$, and $0.45{\ell}/m^2$, respectively. These optimum contents were determined using the ISS value. CONCLUSIONS : The ISS values of AP-3, RS(C)-4, and QRS-4 showed similar tendencies when ISS increased in the range $0.3{\sim}0.6{\ell}/m^2$, while ISS decreased when the applied rate exceeded $0.6{\ell}/m^2$. Similarly, the highest ISS value of the BD-coat was observed when the applied rate was $0.45{\ell}/m^2$. However, shear strength was similar to the maximum value of ISS when the tack-coat application rate of BD-Coat exceeded $0.45{\ell}/m^2$.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 1995

Shear strength of the discontinuity on which the pre-failure of rock slope was occurred during surface excavation was measured through the direct shear test using core samples obtained in-situ. Internal friction angle was increased as the roughness of discontinuity surface(JRC) was increased. Results of the tilt test using core samples of higher JRC also showed very similar trend as those of the direct shear test. When the samples replicated from natural cores were used int he tilt test, results of friction angles showed almost perfect continuation of the residual friction angles from the direct shear test. However, when the gouge material existed in the discontinuity the internal friction angle strongly depended upon the rate of filling thickness to the height of asperity irrespective of the JRC. Based on the results of both direct shear test and tilt test internal friction angle and cohesion of discontinuity, which reflect the in-situ conditions fo pre-sliding failure and also can be used for the optimum design of support system, were assessed. Two kinds of support measures which were expected to increase the stability of rock slope were considered; lowering of slope face angle and installation of rock cable. But, it was found that the first method might lead to more unstable conditions of rock slope when the cohesion of discontinuity plane was negligibly low and in that case the support systems of any kind which could exert actual resisting force were needed to ensure the permanent stability of rock slope.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.561-577
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• 2021

Barton and Choubey(1977)가 제안한 10개의 표준 거칠기 단면을 3차원으로 확장하여 모든 단면의 거칠기가 일정한 3차원 표준 거칠기 절리 모형을 제작하였다. 석고를 사용하여 이 절리 모형을 복제하여 절리시료를 제작하였고, 복제된 절리시료에 직접전단시험을 실시하여 표준거칠기 단면에 부여된 절리 거칠기계수(JRC)를 검증하였다. 먼저 절리 시료의 JRC, 절리면압축강도(JCS)와 기본마찰각(𝜙_b)을 이용하여 Barton (1973)의 전단강도 기준식에서 절리의 전단강도를 추정하고, 직접전단시험에서 측정된 전단강도와 비교하였다. 직접전단시험에서 측정된 전단강도는 1번과 4번 표준 거칠기를 제외한 8개 시료에서 Barton의 기준식에서 추정된 전단강도보다 낮았고, JRC가 큰 시료에서 차이가 더욱 크게 나타났다. 직접전단시험 결과를 역해석하여 JRC, JCS 그리고 𝜙_b의 적절성을 검토하였고, JRC의 문제점으로 인하여 측정된 전단강도가 추정된 전단강도보다 낮은 것으로 판명되었다. 역해석으로 구한 표준 거칠기 단면의 JRC 값인 JRC_m은 JRC보다 전반적으로 낮은 값을 보이지만 JRC와 상관성이 매우 높은 직선의 관계를 나타내었다. 위의 결과를 종합하여 표준 거칠기 단면의 정확한 JRC_m을 제시하였고, JRC_m과 JRC의 상관관계를 제시하였으며, Barton의 전단강도 기준식을 수정하여 제안하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.255-262
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the results of a study which uses the recently developed Optical Profile Microscopy technique (Dove and Frost, 1996) as the basis for investigating the role of geomembrane surface roughness on the shear strength of goomembrane/geotextile interfaces. The results show that interface friction can be quantitatively related to the surface roughness of the geomembrane. The peak and residual interface strengths increase dramatically through the use of textured geomembranes as opposed to smooth geomembranes. For the smooth geomembranes, the sliding of the geotextile is the main shear mechanism. For the textured geomembranes, the peak interface strength is mainly mobilized through the micro-texture of the geomembrane, however, the residual interface strength is primarily attributed to macro scale surface roughness which pulls out and breaks the filaments from the geotextile. The results of this study can be extended to the other interfaces such as joints in rock mass, and also can be used to provide a quantitative framework that can lead to a significantly improved basis for the selection and design of geotextiles and geomembranes in direct contact.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

본 연구에는 지반-그라우트 인터페이스 거동을 평가하기 위한 직접전단시험 장비를 제작하였으며, 제작된 시험 장비를 통해 풍화토, 풍화토-그라우트 두 종류의 시료에 대해 직접전단시험을 수행하였다. 전단응력-슬립 곡선 평가 결과 풍화토-그라우트의 잔류 전단 강도는 단일 풍화토의 잔류 전단 강도와 유사한 값을 나타냈으며, 풍화토-그라우트 인터페이스의 한계 상태 거동은 풍화토에 의해 결정된다는 것을 확인했다. 그러나, 최대 전단 강도의 경우 풍화토-그라우트 인터페이스에서 매우 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 최대 전단 강도의 증가율은 느슨한 지반에서 더 크게 발생하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 풍화토 입자와 그라우트 입자가 섞여 있는 인터페이스 레이어의 두께가 증가했기 때문으로 보인다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 토목섬유 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.57-68
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the results of a study which uses the recently developed Optical Profile Microscopy technique (Dove and Frost, 1996) as the basis for investigating the role of geomembrane surface roughness on the shear mechanism of geomembrane/geotextile interfaces. The alternative roughness parameters which consider the direction of shearing are described. These directional parameters are compared with the existing roughness parameters, and the relationship between these directional and non-directional parameters are investigated. Then, the relationship between interface shear strength and surface roughness quantified at the interface is investigated. The results show that interface friction can be quantitatively related to the surface roughness of the geomembrane. The peak and residual interface strengths increase dramatically through the use of textured geomembranes as opposed to smooth geomembranes. For the smooth geomembranes, the sliding of the geotextile is the main shear mechanism. For the textured geomembranes, the peak interface strength is mainly mobilized through the micro-texture of the geomembrane, however, the residual interface strength is primarily attributed to macro scale surface roughness which pulls out and breaks the filaments from the geotextile. The results of this study can be extended to the other interfaces such as joints in rock mass, and also can be used to provide a quantitative framework that can lead to a significantly improved basis for the selection and design of geotextiles and geomembranes in direct contact.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

흙 자체의 전단강도와 흙과 직포사이의 접촉면 전단강도를 산정하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 대형직접전단시험기를 사용하였다. 두 종류의 흙(모래와 점토)과 한 종류의 직포를 실험에서 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 총 9번의 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 모래 자체는 $30^{\circ}$의 내부마찰각을 나타내었다. 직포와 모래의 접촉면 마찰각은 $26^{\circ}$로 87%의 효율을 나타내었다. 이와 비슷하게 직포와 점토의 접촉면 마찰각은 $7.7^{\circ}$를 나타내었다.