• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.481-486
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of facial temperature and blood flow rates generated by Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture treatment. Ten women in their twenties to fifties with no skin diseases were recruited. Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture(MFRA) was performed on the both sides of their face. We measured their facial temperature using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and blood flow rates using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging(LDPI) at pre-treatment, immediately, twenty and sixty minutes after treatment. We analyzed data using student's t-test(p<0.05). After MFRA treatment, facial temperature on the measurement area increased immediately from $30.5{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ to $31.5{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, a statistically significant increase. Sixty minutes after treatment, facial temperature on the measurement area decreased a little bit($30.2{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$), but there was no statistical significance. After MFRA treatment, facial blood flow rates on the measurement area increased immediately from $165.1{\pm}52.3$ PU to $342.7{\pm}51.3$ PU, a statistically significant increase. Sixty minutes after treatment, facial blood flow rates measurement area were recovered almost at the same level as before treatment. MFRA treatment could increase facial temperature and blood flow rates.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2014

Objectives: Digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) has been used widely for various inflammatory diseases, circulatory diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and cancers. In cases of ligament injury, obviously the temperature of the damaged area increases due to local inflammation; however, whether the temperature also increases due to DITI has not been determined. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether or not the changes of temperature in patient's with medial collateral ligament injury were really due to infrared thermography and to determine the applicability of DITI for assessing ligament injuries. Methods: Twenty patient's who underwent DITI for a medial collateral ligament injury from September 2012 to June 2014 were included in the current study. The thermographic images from the patient's knees were divided to cover seven sub-areas: the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the inferolateral, the superomedial, the superolateral, the medial, and the lateral regions of patella. The temperatures of the seven regions were measured, and the temperature differences between affected and unaffected regions were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 20 patient's were composed of 14 women (70%) and 6 men (30%), with a mean age of $62.15{\pm}15.71$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation (SD)) years. The temperature of the affected side, which included the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the superomedial, the superolateral, and the medial regions, showed a significant increase compared to that of the unaffected side (P < 0.05). The inferolateral and the lateral regions showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that DITI can show temperature changes if a patient has a ligament injury and that it can be applied in the evaluation of a medial collateral ligament injury.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.471-473
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• 2002

Public concerns associated with the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures from mobile phones on human body are increased. Although studies on the effects of the EMF exposures on human have been carried out for a long time, it is not proved yet whether the EMF effect is harmful or not. Based on the scientific results by experts, EMF exposure limits have been regulated as a precautionary approach on the assumption that the EMF effect may be harmful. It is well known that absorbed EMF can be transformed into heat within biological tissues and that thermal effects are related with the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution. However, the relative magnitude and distribution of the energies are not well defined. Although there is comprehensive information of the thermal effects, most of them come from animal and in vitro studies. Considerable efforts have been made to analyze the EMF absorption model while the actual temperature in the human body has been rarely measured. Temperature changes on the face of a healthy male volunteer were studied. A digital mobile phone of 1.8GHz was used. A digital infrared imaging system (IRIS-5000, Medicore, Seoul, Korea) was applied to take infrared pictures of the face every minute while the volunteer talked over the mobile phone for 20 minutes. The specification of the imaging system was as follows: Temperature resolution = 0.1$^{\circ}C$; Range of temperature measurement = 17～40$^{\circ}C$; Pixel size = 0.9mm ${\times}$ 0.9mm; Frame time = 2.6s; Active temperature of detector = 77$^{\circ}$K. The result showed that temperature of the ear region was increased during the phone call and the region of the temperature increase on the face was expanded as the phone call time increased. Further study is necessary to investigate the temperature rise analytically and quantitatively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of Korean medical treatment with Hominis Placenta Pharmacopunture(HPP) on cold hypersensitivity of hands. Methods : A 46-year-old female patient whose chief complaint was cold hypersensitivity of hands was treated with Placenta Pharmacopunture at LI4 and LI10, ten times for a month. Acupuncture and herbal medicine were added depending on the symptoms. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(D.I.T.I) was taken and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) was examined before and after each treatment. Results : After the treatments, the symptoms were improved. Conclusions : DITI and VAS showed that the patient's cold hypersensitivity of hands was improved after Korean medical treatment with Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

Objective: This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects. Methods: The voiunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 15 mins in room temperature ($19-21^{\circ}C$) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking. drinking and administration of drug for the previous day. The thermography of face was taken using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I.: Dorex. DTI-16UT1. U.S.A.) by time interval of 35 minutes at 15 min before and 20 min after acupuncture stimuiation. Thermal temperature of Daying(ST5). Juliao(ST3) and Quanliao(SI18) was measured and compared. Results: The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the Absolute defference of temperature between Daying(ST5) and Juliao(ST3) (p<0.05, Data were represented meant ${\pm}$S.E.M.(n=33)). The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the Absolute defference of temperature between Quanliao(SI18) and Juliao(ST3)(p<0.01, Data were represented mean${\pm}$S.E.M. (n=33)). But, acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) particularly decreased the absolute defference of temperature between Daying(ST5) and Quanliao(SI18). Also. it was observed that acupuncture of ST36 decreased variety of the color tone of thermographic contour line and decreased thermal distribution. Conclusions: The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the absolute defference of temperature of partial facial surface. Hereafter. study about if acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decrease the absolute defference of temperature of all the areas of facial surface is requested. Also. continued study of effects of acupuncture of other meridian on the facial thermography is requested.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2003

This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects, The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 15 mins in room temperature (19-21 ℃) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day, The thermography of face was taken using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I. : Dorex, DTI-16UT1, U.S.A.) by time interval of 35 minutes at 15 min before and 20 min after acupuncture stimulation. Thermal temperature of Yangbaek(GB14), Myon-koryo(ST3) and Chichang(ST4) was measured and compared, The results showed that acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) decreased the Absolute difference of temperature between Myon-koryo(ST3) and Chichang(ST4) (p<0,05, Data were represented mean±S,E.M.(n=33)), But, acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) particularly decreased the absolute difference of temperature between Yangbaek(GB14) and Chichang(ST4) and particularly decreased the absolute difference of temperature between Vangbaek(GB14) and Myon-koryo(ST3) (p<0,05, Data were represented mean±S,E.M.(n=33)). Also, it was observed that acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) decreased variety of the color tone of thermographic contour line and decreased thermal distribution. The results showed that acupuncture of Chok-5amni(ST36) significantly decreased the absolute difference of temperature of partial facial surface. Hereafter, study about if acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) significantly decrease the absolute difference of temperature of all the areas of facial surface is requested. Also, continued study of effects of acupuncture of other meridian on the facial thermography is requested.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cold hypersensitivity and common health indexes including dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation in young women. Methods: 40 outpatients who visited Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from January, 2010 to November, 2011 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity, while the control group consisted of 20 patients who were not. All patients were subjected to Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI), and those with thermal difference greater than $2^{\circ}C$ between anterior thigh and top of feet were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. The subjective characteristics of dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation were obtained through inquiry by residents at the hospital. The relationship between cold hypersensitivity, dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation was analyzed with Independent T-test using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0). Results: Means of defecation, leucorrhea, dysmenorrhea in cold hypersensitivity group were higher than control group without significant statistical difference. Dyspepsia appeared statistically higher in experimental group with significance while headache was the same in both groups. Means of menstrual cycle and menstrual coagulation were higher in non-cold hypersensitivity group, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions: Results suggest that dyspepsia is common in cold hypersensitivity and treatment of cold hypersensitivity may relieve accompanying digestive problems.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2015

Objective : This study aims to visualize the subjective symptoms before and after the treatment of whiplash injury using infrared (IR) thermography. Methods : IR thermography was performed for 42 patients who were diagnosed with whiplash injury. There were 19 male and 23 female patients. The mean age was 43.12 years. Thermal differences (${\Delta}T$) in the neck and shoulder and changes in the thermal differences (${\Delta}dT$) before and after treatment were analyzed. Pain after injury was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment (${\Delta}VAS$). The correlations between ${\Delta}dT$ and ${\Delta}VAS$ results before and after the treatment were examined. We used Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging equipment of Dorex company for IR thermography. Results : The skin temperature of the neck and shoulder immediately after injury showed $1-2^{\circ}C$ hyperthermia than normal. After two weeks, the skin temperature was normal range. ${\Delta}T$ after immediately injuy was higher than normal value, but it was gradually near the normal value after two weeks. ${\Delta}dT$ before and after treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). VAS of the neck and shoulder significantly reduced after 2 week (p=0.001). Also, there was significant correlation between ${\Delta}dT$ and reduced ${\Delta}VAS$ (the neck; r=0.412, p<0.007) (the shoulder; r=0.648, p<0.000). Conclusion : The skin temperature of sites with whiplash injury is immediately hyperthermia and gradually decreased after two weeks, finally it got close to normal temperature. These were highly correlated with reduced VAS. IR thermography can be a reliable tool to visualize the symptoms of whiplash injury and the effectiveness of treatment in clinical settings.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2000

Objective : The meridian and the acupuncture point of oriental medicine are very important in the department of acupuncture and moxibustion. Recently, we needed to study on the phenomenon of the meridian and acupuncture point with objective data. And then, I made a study of effects on the thermal changes of Five-shu-points(五輸穴) of the Lung meridian with acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$, 太淵), using Digital infrared thermal imaging(D.I.T.I). Method : This study researched into clinical statistics for 60 men who are in good health. The objective was divided into two groups, one was the control group(CON, N=30) and the other was acupuncture group(ACU, N=30). The first, I took a picture for 60 men with the Digital infrared thermal imaging(D.I.T.I.). After 10 minutes, I took a second picture for each group following experimental methods. Results : I. The Mean temperature of Sasang($L_{11}$), Oje($L_{10}$), Taeyon($L_9$), Kyonggo($L_8$), Choldaek($L_5$) and Taenung($P_7$) area in adult men with good health, made a no significant difference with left and right side points. 2. Acupuncture group with acupuncture stimularion on Taeyon($L_9$) had a effect on much thermal changes of Sasang($L_{11}$), Oje($L_{10}$), Taeyon($L_9$), Kyonggo($L_8$) and Choldaek($L_5$) than control group. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Lung Meridian of acupuncture group differed from control group with significant decrease and increase following the decreasing or increasing temperature class. Each class of ascent and descent thermal change was statistically significant value compared with control group. 3. Acupuncture group with acupuncture stimulation on Taeyon($L_9$) had not a effect on thermal changes of Taenung($P_7$) area than control group. And the increasing and decreasing temperature class of the acupuncture group did not significantly differ from control group. Conclusion : I could think that the acupuncture on Taeyon($L_9$) affected the thermal change of the area which is the Five-shu-points in the Lung Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and acupuncture point.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the acupuncture therapy in combination with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on acute whiplash injury by traffic accident. And thermal change of posterior neck and shoulder was observed. Methods : The clinical study was conducted to 20 cases of acute whiplash injury patients who had been admitted in Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibusion, Woosuk University Hospital from December 1, 2010 to May 31, 2011. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In one group(test group), patients were treated with the acupuncture therapy in combination with Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy. And in the other group(control group), patients were treated with acupuncture therapy only. To estimate the efficacy of treatments, visual analog scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) of posterior neck pain were checked. And also thermal change of posterior neck and shoulder was observed by digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI). Results : Both group represented effective improvement in VAS and NDI of posterior neck pain. Especially, test group is more effective than control group in VAS comparison, statistically. In test group, temperature of posterior neck and shoulder was decreased after treatments. But there was no significant difference between two groups on thermographic change. Conclusions : Through this study, Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy is considered to be effective for reducing pain in acute whiplash injury patients. And after Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy, temperature of posterior neck and shoulder show a tendency to decrease.