• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.299-304
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• 2002

This research was to investigate the invasion and diffusion properties of chloride ion on the concrete containing mineral admixtures by the electrically accelerated test. Mineral admixtures selected in mixes were fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume, and meta-kaolin with 3 degrees of replacement ratios. Tang and Nilsson's test method was used to estimate chloride diffusion coefficients of that mixes. As a result, the total current passing charge and the diffusion coefficient of chloride ion were reduced with the use of mineral admixtures and the increase of replacement ratios. In addition, compressive strength was related with diffusion coefficient of chloride ion. Diffusion coefficients of concrete mixed with ground granulated blast-furnace slag showed relatively low value under the range of compressive strength of 400㎏f/㎠.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.787-790
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• 1999

To estimate durability of reinforced concrete structures located in or nearby seawater, many different kinds of accelerated tests for evaluation of chloride ion permeation in concrete were proposed. At present the only standardized test is the ASTM C 1202(RCP test). This test method is used to estimate the concrete's resistivity of the chloride penetration in concrete by using the total charges passed and sometimes used to calculate the chloride diffusion coefficients. However, this test may lead to an erroneous chloride diffusion coefficient. So this test method was compared with the modified Dhir's test and the traditional concentration diffusion test. Experimental results showed that the diffusion coefficients determined the RCP test and the PD Index gave wrongous values, but the diffusion coefficient acquired by considering a migration term was nearly the same to the CD Test.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2010

In order to determine the effect of the use of limestone sand on chloride ion ingress in mortar, specimens were cast with two different sands: siliceous sand (used as reference) and limestone crushed sand (used for this study). To compare and assess the resistance of this mortar to chloride penetration, two different diffusions tests were employed: slow migration and rapid migration (AASHTO test). In this study, calculation of the effective diffusion coefficient is proposed using a model based on Nernst. Planck equation. The diffusion coefficients from each sample were compared. The results for all tests show that the diffusion coefficients for siliceous sand mortar are larger than those obtained with limestone sand. It appears also that the diffusion coefficient varies as a function of the W/C ratio.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.216-220
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• 1998

Experimental studies were carried out to investigate water diffusion in unsaturated compacted bentonite for a landfill of hazardous wastes. Water content distributions were measured and water diffusion coefficients were determined when the dry densities of compacted bentonite were in the range of 1.4 - 1.8 g/㎤. Resaturation times were also calculated to analyze the ability of the compacted bentonite to retard water movement. The results obtained were as follows: Diffusion model described properly the water migration in unsaturated compacted bentonite. Water diffusion coefficients ranged from 4.30$\times$10$^{-6}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$/sec to 1.93$\times$10$^{-6}$ $\textrm{cm}^2$/sec, and decreased with increasing the dry density. The dry density of compacted bentonite was found to be an important factor to control the resaturation time by water. This study suggests that the domestic compacted bentonite should be a good barrier material against water movement in a landfill of hazardous wastes.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2013

In this study, diffusion coefficients of 20 kDa FITC-dextran in 2% agarose gel with different cell concentrations were measured using fiberoptic-based fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. As increasing cell concentration suspended in agarose gel, the diffusion coefficients were decreased. The diffusion coefficient of agarose gel which contains $10{\times}10^6$ cells/ml was decreased to 11% that of in agarose gel without cells. The distribution of fluorescence dye in 3D scaffold was also simulated. The simulation result shows that the diffusion coefficient is more significant factor than the scaffold structure.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2002

The diffusion coefficients of ions in the reverse transport system using the carrier mediated membrane were estimated from the diffusional membrane permeabilities and the ion activity in membrane system. In the aqueous alkali metal ions-membrane system diffusional flux of alkali metal ions driven by coupled proton was analyzed. The aqueous phase I contained NaOH solution and the aqueous phase II also contained NaCl and HCl mixed solution. The concentration of Na ions of both phases were $10^{0},\;10^{-1},\;10^{-2},\;5{\times}10^{-1}\;and\;5{\times}10^{-2}\;mol{\cdot}dm^{-3}$ and the concentration of HCI in aqueous phase II was always kept at $1{\times}10^{-1}\;mol{\cdot}dm^{-3}$. Moreover, the carrier concentration in liquid membrane was $10^{-2}\;mol{\cdot}dm^{-3}$. The results indicated that the diffusion coefficients depend strongly on the concentration of both phases electrolyte solution equilibriated with the membrane. The points were interpreted in terms of the energy barrier theory. Furthermore, eliminating the potential terms from the membrane equation was derived.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

Generally, reinforced concrete is one of the most commonly used structural materials and it prevents corrosion of steel bar by high pH of interior, But, as time elapsed, reinforced concrete structure become deteriorated by many of combined deterioration factors and environmental conditions. And, there are large number of deteriorate mechanism of the reinforced concrete structure and it acts complexly. It is recognized that steel bar corrosion is the main distress behind the present concern regarding concrete durability. In this study, to institute combined deterioration environments, established acceleration condition and cycle for combined deterioration environments has a resemblance to environments which are real structures placed. After that to confirm corrosion properties of reinforced concrete due to permeability with covering depth and types of surface cover under combined deterioration environments, measured carbonation velocity coefficients, chloride ion diffusion coefficients, water absorption coefficients, air permeability coefficients and electric potential, corrosion area ratio, weight reduction, corrosion velocity of steel bar. The results showed that an increase in age also decrease carbonation velocity coefficients, increase Chloride ion diffusion coefficients and increases water absorption coefficients. As well, an increase in age also increases corrosion of steel bar. Data on the development of corrosion velocity of steel bar with types of surface cover made with none, organic B, organic A, inorganic B, and inorganic A is shown. As well, permeability and corrosion velocity of steel bar with covering depth is superior to 10mm than 20mm. And it is confirmed permeability and corrosion properties of steel bar are closely related.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.852-856
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• 2011

The lithium ion diffusion coefficients of bare, carbon-coated and Cr-doped $LiFePO_4$ were obtained by fitting the discharge curves of each half cell with Li metal anode. Diffusion losses at discharge curves were acquired with experiment data and fitted to equations. Theoretically fitted equations showed good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, theoretical equations are able to predict lithium diffusion coefficient and discharge curves at various discharge rates. The obtained diffusion coefficients were similar to the true diffusion coefficient of phase transformation electrodes. Lithium ion diffusion is one of main factors that determine voltage drop in a half cell with $LiFePO_4$ cathode and Li metal anode. The high diffusion coefficient of carbon-coated and Cr-doped $LiFePO_4$ resulted in better performance at the discharge process. The performance at high discharge rate was improved much as diffusion coefficient increased.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.444-450
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• 2003

Hydrophobically End-capped polyethylene oxide Urethane Resin(HEUR)-associating polymers, HEUR 35(8), HEUR 35(12), and HEUR 35(18), comprise a polyethylene oxide (PEO) having a molecular weight of 35,000 that is end capped with two C$\_$8/H$\_$17/, C$\_$12/H$\_$25/, and C$\_$18/H$\_$37/ alkyl chains, respectively. These associating polymers were synthesized by condensation reactions with polyethylene oxides and alkyl isocyanates. The self-diffusion coefficients of HEUR-associating polymers were measured in aqueous solution by pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All polymers underwent a decrease in their mean diffusion coefficients as the concentration was increased. However, the dispersion of the diffusion coefficients, ${\beta}$, about the mean fluctuated with changes in concentration. The large dispersion at low concentrations of HEUR 35(8) and HEUR 35(12) is related to the interaction between hydrophobic end groups, and the large dispersion at high concentrations of HEUR 35(18) is correlated with transient network formation. These results are valuable for predicting the associating mechanism of the large aggregates before and after their critical micelle concentration.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 1995

삼투건조시 물질이동 특성을 알아보기 위하여 수분과 용질의 이동을 확산식으로 평가하여 침지온도와 농도에 따른 영향을 조사하였으며 또한 품질변화 정도는 carotene 함량을 지표로 하여 반응속도식으로 구명하고자 하였으며 삼투공정시 수분의 이동을 기존의 건조모델로 표현하고자 적합도를 알아보았다. 수분손실이나 용질의 증가는 온도와 농도가 증가함에 따라 높은값을 보였으며 농도보다는 온도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 확산계수 또한 고온과 고농도에서 높은 값을 가져 확산이 빠르게 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 고온에서는 수분 손실이 용질의 증가보다 높아 용질의 확산계수가 수분의 확산계수보다 높았으며, 품질변화를 나타내는 반응속도상수는 온도의 증가보다 농도의 증가에 따라 더 큰 값을 가져 고농도에서 파괴가 많이 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 확산계수와 품질변화 속도상수에 대한 온도의 영향을 알아보고자 Arrhenius 식에 적합시켜 본 결과 낮은 농도인 $20^{\circ}Brix$에서 확산에 많은 활성화에너지가 필요하고 고농도인 $60^{\circ}Brix$에서는 상대적으로 낮은 활성에너지로도 용질의 확산이 일어난다는 것을 알 수 있었고 활성화 에너지의 크기로 보아 수분의 이동은 $40^{\circ}Brix$에서, 용질의 이동은 $60^{\circ}Brix$에서 이동이 효과적으로 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 침지온도와 농도를 독립변수로 하여 확산계수와 반응속도상수를 예측하고자 각 독립 변수의 최적함수를 구하여 수립한 최적 함수 모델식과 polynomial 형태로 모델화 하였을 경우 수분이나 용질의 확산계수는 높은 적합도를 결정계수를 가지나 품질변화를 나타내는 반응속도강수는 다소 낮아 온도와 농도의 함수로 예측하기에는 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 삼투건조 공정 중 수분의 이동을 시간의 함수로 표현하기 위한 가장 적합한 모델은 quadratic 모델의 $R^{2}$값이 침지온도와 농도에 관계없이 전반적으로 0.99 이상으로 나타나 다른 모델보다 더 높은 적용 가능성을 보였다. 따라서 quadratic 모델을 이용하여 삼투건조공정에서의 시간에 따른 수분함량을 예측할 수 있으며 확산계수와 아울러 물질이동 특성을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.