• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

This paper examines the long-run social welfare maximization problems facing public utilities, which includes consideration of the cost of capital or other fixed costs of production, from which it derives optimal investment decisions in a reliability differentiated pricing based market. Reliability differentiated pricing policies lead to straightforward mathematical results on optimal investment decisions in generation and transmission expansion planning. This paper presents the mathematical conditions for optimal investment decisions.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.675-685
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• 2014

본 연구는 고속도로의 혼잡 완화를 위해 차선통행료 방식에 근거한 고속도로 구간별 차등요금 부과전략을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 상위단계의 교통혼잡 최소화를 위한 각 구간의 주행요금을 산정하는 문제와 하위단계의 가변수요 통행배정문제로 구성된 바이레벨 형태의 모형을 제시하였다. 상위단계 문제의 최적 해를 찾기 위해 민감도 분석 기반의 알고리즘을 이용하였으며, 제안된 모형의 검증을 위해 수정된 Sioux-Falls 네트워크에 적용하였다. 적용 결과 차등요금 부과전략 적용 시 균일한 요금을 징수한 경우보다 교통혼잡이 개선된 것으로 나타났으며 이는 고속도로 구간의 혼잡 완화로 인한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 고속도로 특정 구간의 과도한 혼잡으로 인해 발생하는 비효용을 절감하기 위한 수요관리 방안으로 적용될 수 있다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.109-124
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• 1997

Pricing information services, where congestion can threaten the efficient operation of information systems, has been studied in economics and information systems literature, Recent explosion of the Internet ana proliferation of multimedia content over the Internet have rekindled the research interest in designing pricing schedules for differentiated information services, In order for the information system to effectively serve users having heterogeneous needs, pricing rules for discriminated services should be considered. At the same time, when individual users' interest does not align with that of the organization that individual users belong to, organization-wide pricing policy should be devised to improve the value of the services rendered by the system. This paper, using a priority queuing model, addresses the need for such on incentive-compatible pricing for different information services.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1125-1131
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• 2014

Application of residential demand response (DR) programs are currently realized up to a limited extent due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-differentiated prices. As a solution, this paper proposes an automatic home load management (HLM) framework to achieve the household minimum payment as well as meet the operational constraints to provide customer's comfort. The projected HLM method controls on/off statuses of responsive appliances and the charging/discharging periods of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery storage at home. This paper also studies the impacts of different time-varying tariffs, i.e., time of use (TOU), real time pricing (RTP), and inclining block rate (IBR), on the home load management (HLM). The study is effectuated in a smart home with electrical appliances, a PHEV, and a storage system. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HLM program. Peak of household load demand along with the customer payment costs are reported as the consequence of applying different pricings models in HLM.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

The information products dramatically reduce the production costs of vertically differentiated products. Information products are also more likely to be affected by network externalities. Thus the proliferation of digital products is increasing the interests in network externality and vertical product differentiation. In step with this trend, the impact of network externalities on price competition in vertically differentiated markets has been continuously studied. Existing studies related to this topic have assumed that network externalities increase consumers' willingness to pay per unit quality. The results show that higher quality products are affected more by network externality. However, network externality is essentially a concept affected by the size of the consumer, not a concept associated with quality. In this work, unlike previous studies, we present a new market model that reflects the essential definition of network externality. Based on the proposed market model, we derive both simultaneous and sequential Nash equilibria and analyze them numerically. The main results obtained from the analysis can be summarized as follows. First, network externalities primarily increase the demand for low-quality products and have a secondary impact on the demand for high-quality products. Second, the larger the quality difference between products, the more profitable they are. It also has been shown that sequential pricing methods are more advantageous in terms of revenue than simultaneous pricing method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.113-114
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• 2007

For restructure of korean power system, we needs research and development concerning RTP and Revenue Reconciliation. In these Implementations the real-time prices are updated at half-hourly or hourly intervals and in no case are the prices spatially differentiated. The implemented rates are based upon marginal generating costs with markups to account for system transmission and distribution costs or other revenue reconciliation needs. This paper analyzes how great is the impact of alternative price markup methods on measures of social welfare and customer responses. A case study and energy sales are also presented.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제26권
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• pp.235-259
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• 1997

Marketing can assist libraries in determining their future and identifying quality products - services, programs and materials. Marketing provides a theoretical framework addressing the specific library and information science questions facing public, school, special and academic libraries in both the public and private sectors. The purpose of this paper is to analyse information marketing. For this purpose, characteristics of information, concept of marketing are to be studied, and then the process of information marketing program is analysed by market segmentation, marketing audit, marketing mix(products, pricing, place, promotion) and marketing system development. As a result, traditionally having focused on the undifferentiated and concentrated marketing strategies in the market segmentation, now they have to develope differentiated strategies in order to compete with other information centers.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.499-502
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• 2007

정부는 기존의 품셈에 의한 예정가격 산정 방식을 폐지하고, 실적계약 단가를 근거로 하는 실적공사비 적산제도를 도입하여 시행중에 있다. 그러나 현재 BTL 교육시설물 예정가격 산정방법의 경우 표준화된 작업분류체계(WBS : Work Breakdown Structure) 및 내역서 작성지침의 부족으로 인하여 단가 산정에 정확한 근거 마련이 힘든 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 BTL로 발주된 교육시설물의 내역서를 바탕으로 BTL 교육시설물의 실적공사비 적용을 위한 작업분류체계(WBS : Work Breakdown Structure) 구축을 목적으로 한다. 이를 통해 일반 시설물과는 다른 특징을 가지는 교육시설물 분류체계를 구축하고 이를 이용한 공사비 항목 및 유지보수비 항목의 체계화가 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• 복식
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.130-143
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• 2010

Hanbok industry is not based on a consumer-oriented market system, which is related to poor competitiveness in various areas, such as product planning, marketing, and flow of raw materials. The purpose of this paper is to design and conduct an empirical study on important aspects of consumers. experiences and perspectives about Hanbok, and thereby aims to provide much-needed guidance about ways to promote the Hanbok market. Out of 1065 questionnaires distributed, a total of 1039 was returned with responses and used for analyses. The respondent sample included consumers of various background characteristics in their residential areas, age, gender, education levels, and income levels. Cronbach's alpha and a factor analysis were employed for the reliability and the construct validation of the survey instrument. One-way ANOVA associated with post-hoc comparison tests was used to investigate differences across different demographic subgroups of consumers. The results show that consumers generally view Hanbok as one of the formal dresses, worn one or two times per year for traditional events or ceremonies. Consumers tend to show negative opinions about the pricing, and the inconvenience in cleaning and wearing Hanbok. However, consumers think very highly of the aesthetic values, the gracious styles, and the iconic identity of nationalism of Hanbok. This study suggests that Hanbok for modern consumers should be considered as clothing for a ritual, rather than clothing to reconstruct to be fitted to modern daily lives. Hanbok should be promoted as part of up-scaled and differentiated traditional cultures, as clothing that represents and enhances the traditional elegance and beauty unique to the Korean people.

• 정보화정책
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.88-107
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• 2011

본 논문의 목적은 2010년 3월 22일 개정된 전기통신사업법 제32조(이용자보호) 제3항, 제4항, 제5항과 제38조(전기통신서비스 도매제공) 신설 관련 3G(WCDMA) MVNO를 통한 선불요금제 활성화 정책을 제시하는 것이다. 한국은 '11년 6월 현재 선불요금, 상호접속, 사업자선택, 도매제공 그리고 번호이동성 등의 제도개선의 부족으로 인하여 이동전화 선불요금제 가입자가 매우 미미한 수준이다. 그러나 해외 통신서비스 규제기관 및 사업자들은 스마트폰 및 데이터 사용 비중을 높이는 다양한 고객수요를 수용하기 위해 이동전화 선불요금제에 점차 더 많은 정책과 전략을 보이고 있다. 본 논문은 현행 전기통신사업법 하에서 3G MVNO를 통한 선불요금제 활성화를 위해서는 선불데이터시스템과 이동망 분리, 선불요금의 월정액제 하이브리드와 무선망을 통한 휴대폰의 직접충전(Top-up) 시스템 도입, USIM 제도 개선, 이동망 사업자선택제 도입, 선 후불 간 소매가할인 차등, 도매제공의 소매가할인 개정과 의무제공사업자 확대, 그리고 선 후불 간 번호이동성 도입 정책의 심도 있는 검토를 제안하고 있다.