• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate flavor modification effects of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ $({\beta}-CD)$ inclusion complex on the flavor of Doenjang (Korean traditional fermented soy paste) with various substitution levels of 10, 20, and 30%. Water and protein contents of the substituted samples showed significantly lower values compared to those of control(p<0.05). Results of DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry) showed that significantly higher ${\Delta}H$ values (386.03 and 304.23) in the 20 and 30% substituted samples represented the stabilized internal cell structures(p<0.05). Internal structures observed with the scanning electronic microscope tended to be less rough and organized making even and ordered internal cell structures as the substitution levels were increased. Results of sensory evaluation showed significantly higher savory flavor and significantly lower bitter and astringent flavors with the substituted samples compared to those of control(p<0.05). Results from this study showed the substitutions of ${\beta}-CD$ could possibly modify unfavored flavors of Doenjang while keeping the unique, nutritional and functional properties when ${\beta}-CD$ was used as a flavor modifier.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.497-520
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• 2023

Numerous problems in science and engineering defined by nonlinear functional equations can be solved by reducing them to an equivalent fixed point problem. Fixed point theory provides essential tools for solving problems arising in various branches of mathematical analysis, such as split feasibility problems, variational inequality problems, nonlinear optimization problems, equilibrium problems, complementarity problems, selection and matching problems, and problems of proving the existence of solution of integral and differential equations.The theory of fixed is known to find its applications in many fields of science and technology. For instance, the whole world has been profoundly impacted by the novel Coronavirus since 2019 and it is imperative to depict the spread of the coronavirus. Panda et al. [24] applied fractional derivatives to improve the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 models, and by means of fixed point theory, existence and uniqueness of solutions of the models were proved. For more information on applications of fixed point theory to real life problems, authors should (see [6, 13, 24] and the references contained in).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1255-1276
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• 2015

The importance of considering soil-structure interaction effect in the analysis and design of RC frame buildings is increasingly recognized but still not penetrated to the grass root level owing to various complexities involved. It is well established fact that the soil-structure interaction effect considerably influence the design of multi-storey buildings subjected to lateral seismic loads. The shear walls are often provided in such buildings to increase the lateral stability to resist seismic lateral loads. In the present work, the linear soil-structure analysis of a G+5 storey RC shear wall building frame resting on isolated column footings and supported by deformable soil is presented. The finite element modelling and analysis is carried out using ANSYS software under normal loads as well as under seismic loads. Various load combinations are considered as per IS-1893 (Part-1):2002. The interaction analysis is carried out with and without shear wall to investigate the effect of inclusion of shear wall on the total and differential settlements in the footings due to deformations in the soil mass. The frame and soil mass both are considered to behave in linear elastic manner. It is observed that the soil-structure interaction effect causes significant total and differential settlements in the footings. Maximum total settlement in footings occurs under vertical loads and inner footings settle more than outer footings creating a saucer shaped settlement profile of the footings. Each combination of seismic loads causes maximum differential settlement in one or more footings. Presence of shear wall decreases pulling/pushing effect of seismic forces on footings resulting in more stability to the structures.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2005

초임계유체를 이용한 공정을 통하여 물에 대해 난용성 성질을 지니는 약물인 itraconazole과 $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(HP-{\beta}-CD)$의 포접복합체를 제조하였다. 제조된 포접복합체는 SEM, DSC, XRD 등을 이용하여 고체상태의 특성 분석을 수행하여 itraconazole의 결정성적 특성이 $HP-{\beta}-CD$와의 포접체를 형성하며 무정질적으로 변화된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. pH 1.2의 인공위액을 이용하여 수행된 수용액 내에서의 포접복합체의 용해도 및 용출시험 결과 itraconazole 원재료에 비하여 20-200배 정도의 증가된 용해도 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 초임계유체 공정을 통하여 얻어진 포접복합체의 용해도는 압력증가에 의한 이산화탄소 밀도 증가에 따라 증가하였으며 동일 조건에서 용액 중의 $HP-{\beta}-CD$의 함량이 높아질수록 증가하였다. $35^{\circ}C$, 140 bar의 공정 조건에서 itraconazole과 $HP-{\beta}-CD$의 구성 몰비가 1:3인 용액을 사용하였을 경우 itraconazole 원재료에 비하여 약 200배 이상의 용해도인 $758.6{\mu}g/mL$의 용해도를 지니는 포접복합체를 얻을 수 있었다. 용출시험 결과 투입 약물의 90% 이상이 용출 개시 5-10분 내에 용출되어 대조제로 사용한 시판제제 및 원재료에 비하여 매우 빠른 초기 방출률과 우수한 용출 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 기존의 시간소비성 및 다단계의 포접체 제조공정을 개선할 수 있는 한 방법으로 초임계유체 공정이 적용될 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.403-418
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• 2024

In this paper, vibration and energy absorption characteristics of a nanostructure which is composed of two embedded porous annular/circular nanoplates coupled by a viscoelastic substrate are investigated. The modified couple stress theory (MCST) and the Gurtin-Murdoch theory are applied to take into account the size and the surface effects, respectively. Furthermore, the structural damping effect is probed by the Kelvin-Voigt model and the mathematical model of the problem is developed by a new hyperbolic higher order shear deformation theory. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is employed to obtain the out-of-phase and in-phase frequencies of the structure in order to predict the dynamic response of it. The acquired results reveal that the vibration and energy absorption of the system depends on some factors such as porosity, surface stress effects, material length scale parameter, damping and spring constants of the viscoelastic foundation as well as geometrical parameters of annular/circular nanoplates. A bird's-eye view of the findings in the research paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the vibrational behavior and energy absorption capabilities of annular/circular porous nanoplates. The multidisciplinary approach and the inclusion of porosity make this study valuable for the development of innovative materials and applications in the field of nanoscience and engineering.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1996

This study has been undertaken to evaluate hydrophobic cyclodextrin(CD) derivatives as a sustained release carrier of azidothymidine(AZT), AZT, which has potent activity against AIDS and AIDS-related complex as thymidine analogue, has been reported that it has significant toxicity and short half life. Therefore, it is necessary to design sustained release oral dosage form to avoid undesirable side effects attributable to an excessive plasma concentration and to reduce the frequency of administration of AZT. Inclusion complexes of AZT with $acetyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(AC{\beta}CD)$ and $triacetyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(TA{\beta}CD)$ were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Interactions of AZT with CD were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) and Infrared Spectrophotometry(IR). The decreasing order of water solubilities of AZT and AZT-CD inclusion complexes were as follows; $AZT\;(27.873{\pm}0.015,mg/ml)\;>\;AZT-AC{\beta}CD\;(3.377{\pm}0.003)\;>\;AZT-TA{\beta}CD\;(2.528{\pm}0.001)$. Partition coefficients of $AZT-AC{\beta}CD\;and;\AZT-TA{\beta}CD$ inclusion complexes were increased by 1.27-fold, 1.54-fold in pH 1.2 and 1.32-fold, 1.47-fold in pH 6.8 in comparison with that of AZT. The mean dissolution time (MDT, min) which represents the rapidity of dissolution rate of AZT, $AZT-AC{\beta}CD,\;AZT-TA{\beta}CD$ were 5.12, 14.02 and 19.38 min in pH 1.2 and 2.52, 15.19 and 18.19 min in pH 6.8. AZT was very rapidly and completely dissolved in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 within 5 minutes. But AZT-CD inclusion complexes showed the sustained release pattern in comparison with AZT alone. The simultaneous in situ nasal and jejunal recirculation study to compare the intrinsic absorptivity and the property of absorption sites revealed that the absorption of $AZT-TA{\beta}CD\;(N:35.35{\pm}1.08%,\;J:27.47{\pm}1.18%)$ was more than that of $AZT\;(N:16.89{\pm}2.25%,\;J:15.86{\pm}2.33%)$. The above results suggest that $TA{\beta}CD$ which is a hydrophobic cyclodextrin may serve as sustained release carrier with absorption enhancing effect.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.342-347
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• 2003

In this paper, an active vibration control of a translating tensioned string with the use of an electro-hydraulic servo mechanism at the right boundary is investigated. The dynamics of the moving strip is modeled as a string with tension by using Hamilton’s principle for the systems with changing mass. The control objective is to suppress the transverse vibrations of the strip via boundary control. A right boundary control law in the form of current input to the servo valve based upon the Lyapunov’s second method is derived. It is revealed that a time-varying boundary force and a suitable passive damping at the right boundary can successfully suppress the transverse vibrations. The exponential stability of the closed loop system is proved. The effectiveness of the control laws proposed is demonstrated via simulations.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts (LECs) are rare pancreatic cysts with squamous epithelial lining surrounded by dense lymphoid tissue. A preoperative diagnosis of LECs is difficult due to imaging diversity and inadequate documentation because of their rarity. We present a case of surgically confirmed pancreatic LEC with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as heterogeneous signal intensity on T2-weighted images with multiple septa-like structures, slightly hypo-signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and thin-wall enhancement on dynamic contrast images. LECs are benign lesions without any malignant potential. Therefore, the inclusion of LEC in the differential diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions may reduce unnecessary surgical procedures.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1869-1889
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• 2018

We are concerned with the following fractional p-Laplacian inclusion: $$(-{\Delta})^s_pu+V(x){\mid}u{\mid}^{p-2}u{\in}{\lambda}[{\underline{f}}(x,u(x)),\;{\bar{f}}(s,u(x))]$$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$, where $(-{\Delta})^s_p$ is the fractional p-Laplacian operator, 0 < s < 1 < p < $+{\infty}$, sp < N, and $f:{\mathbb{R}}^N{\times}{\mathbb{R}}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{R}}$ is measurable with respect to each variable separately. We show that our problem with the discontinuous nonlinearity f admits at least one or two nontrivial weak solutions. In order to do this, the main tool is the Berkovits-Tienari degree theory for weakly upper semicontinuous set-valued operators. In addition, our main assertions continue to hold when $(-{\Delta})^s_pu$ is replaced by any non-local integro-differential operator.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2015

A large number of vision applications rely on matching keypoints across images. Pedestrian detection is under constant pressure to increase both its quality and speed. Such progress allows for new application. A higher speed enables its inclusion into large systems with extensive subsequent processing, and its deployment in computationally constrained scenarios. In this paper, we focus on improving the speed of pedestrian detection using HOG(histogram of oriented gradient) and multi frame operation which is robust to illumination changes in cluttering images. The result of our simulation indicates that the detection rate and speed of the proposed method is much faster than that of conventional HOG and differential images.