• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2006

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) in the fresh state is known for its excellent deformability, high resistance to segregation, and use, without applying vibration, in congested reinforced concrete structures characterized by difficult casting conditions. Such a concrete can be obtained by incorporating either mineral or chemical admixtures. This paper presents the results of an investigation to asses the applicability of Abram's law in predicting the compressive strength of SCC to any given age. Abram's law is based on the assumption that the strength of concrete with a specific type of aggregate at given age cured at a prescribed temperature depends primarily on the water-to-cement ratio (W/C). It is doubtful that such W/C law is applicable to concrete mixes with mineral or chemical admixtures as is the case for SCC where water to binder ratio (W/B) is used instead of W/C as the basis for mix design. Strength data of various types of SCC mixtures is collected from different sources to check the performance of Abram's law. An attempt has been made to generalize Abram's law by using various optimization methodologies on collected strength data of various SCC mixtures. A set of generalized equations is developed for the prediction of SCC strength at various ages. The performance of generalized equations is found better than original Abram's equations.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2005

This study aims the evaluation of the corrosion of steel bar embedded in antiwashout underwater concrete, which has rather been neglected to date. To that goal, accelerated steel bar corrosion tests have been performed on three series of steel bar-reinforced antiwashout underwater concrete specimens manufactured with different admixtures. The three series of antiwashout underwater concrete were: concrete constituted exclusively with ordinary portland cement (OPC), concrete composed of ordinary portland cement mixed with fly-ash in $20\%$ ratio (FA20), and concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag mixed in $50\%$ ratio (BFS50). The environment of manufacture was in artificial seawater. Measurement results using half-cell potential surveyor showed that, among all the specimens, steel bar in OPC was the first one that exceeded the threshold value proposed by ASTM C 876 with a potential value below -350mv after 14 cycles. And, the corresponding corrosion current density and concentration of water soluble chloride were measured as $30{\mu}A/mm^2$ and $0.258\%$. On the other hand, for the other specimens that are FA20 and BFS50, potential values below -350mV were observed later at 18 and 20 cycles, respectively. Results confirmed the hypothesis that mineral admixtures may be more effective on delay the development of steel bar corrosion in antiwashout underwater concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.541-544
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• 2008

본 연구는 콘크리트의 조기강도 발현을 위한 배합적 설계조건 및 온도조건에 대한 강도특성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 혼화제, 혼화재, 양생온도, 결합재 사용량 등의 시험인자들을 변수로 하여 실내 시험을 통해 확보한 Data를 토대로 레미콘 배치플랜트 생산시험 및 모의부재 제작을 통해 현장적용성을 검토해 보았다. 혼화제는 감수율이 우수한 PC계 혼화제의 조기강도 발현이 양호하였으며, 제조사별 품질특성에 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 플라이애시, 고로슬래그미분말 등의 혼화재를 사용할 경우 물성개선의 효과는 있을 수 있으나 조기강도 발현에는 불리함을 확인할 수 있었다. 여러 가지 시험인자 중 콘크리트의 조기강도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것이 양생온도이며, 12$^{\circ}C$이하의 온도에서는 강도발현이 급격하게 저하됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 계절별 평균기온을 감안해 볼 때 10월 하순${\sim}$4월말까지는 보온양생을 통한 온도관리가 필요할 것으로 예상되었다. 모의부재 시험을 통한 수화열 측정결과 부재치수의 증가에 따른 수화발열의 촉진으로 조기강도 발현이 상대적으로 우수하였으며, 적산온도를 이용한 조기강도 예측결과 상관성이 높게 나타나고 있어 현장에서 거푸집 제거시기를 결정할 경우 유용하게 활용될 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.301-307
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• 1997

This paper is evaluated for properties of aggregate and antiwashout admixture not only to minimize segregation and water contamination of underwater concrete but also to meet concrete quality required. Two antiwashout admixtures used in this study were available domestically and slump flow, pH, setting time, and filing property of fresh concrete and the compressive strength, flexural strength under water and in the air under 2 different curing conditions ($10^{\cire}C$ and $20^{\cire}C$ ) were measured. Compressive strength ratio of specimens cured in and water temperature $10^{\cire}C$ /$20^{\cire}C$ added HPEC and HPMC was 64% and 89%, respectively. Relative compressive strength of 2 kinds observed higher concrete added HPEC, 3% at $10^{\cire}C$ curing temperature, 34% at $20^{\cire}C$ . The flexural strength of specimens made under water was 1/4~1/6 of compressive strength similar to the existing data in the literature.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.361-364
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• 2005

This study reports the properties of high early strength of concrete using PC admixture. To apply these data to construction site, we did the lab tests and mock-up test. The target of this study is to accomplish early strength of concrete(5 MPa/18 hr), and we tested by the different factors, such as the type of admixtures, curing temperature, the amount of binder, etc. Through the test of concrete using the different type of admixture, PC type was more excellent than PNS type admixture. According to these tests, we concluded that we can apply this type of PC Admixture to the civil & construction site, and we can reduce the term of works and finally we can accomplish the economical construction.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.169-186
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• 2022

Mortar is produced with different degrees of temperature and ratios of admixture materials. In order to produce strength mortar, the degree of temperature and the ratio of admixture materials must be optimized. This paper examines experimental effects by applying certain degrees of temperature and ratios of admixture materials to statistically understand the changes in the strength of mortar. The Taguchi method is used for the above-mentioned optimization problem. Firstly, factorial ANOVA is used to investigate the difference of means between the experiments. Due to the significant differences in obtained means, the regression analysis is applied. On the other hand, the effects of the varying degrees of temperature and admixture ratios are presented via 3D plots. Finally, the statistical results of ANOVA and Taguchi indicate that degree of temperature and the different ratios of admixture materials can affect the behaviour of mortar under the tests.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.214-224
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• 1976

양생온도(養生溫度)가 혼화재(混和材)를 사용(使用)한 모르터의 강도(强度)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)키 위해서 양생온도(養生溫度)를 $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$로 하여 모르터의 압축(壓縮), 인장(引張), 곡강도시험(曲强度試驗)을 실시(實施)하였고 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 양생온도(養生溫度) $1^{\circ}C$ 상승(上昇)에 대(對)한 강도증가(强度增加)는 기준강도(基準强度)에 대(對)하여 연탄재첨가시(添加時) 압축강도(壓縮强度)에서 1.58%, 인장강도(引張强度)에서 0.96%, 곡강도(曲强度)에서 1.26% 증가(增加)했다. 동일(同一)한 경우 플라이애쉬 첨가시(添加時) 압축강도(壓縮强度)에서 1.3%, 인장강도(引張强度)에서 0.99%, 곡강도(曲强度)에서 1.18%의 증가(增加)를 나타냈다. 압축강도(壓縮强度)는 플라이애쉬 첨가량(添加量) 25%에서 인장강도(引張强度)는 20%, 곡강도(曲强度)도 20%에서 최대치(最大値)를 나타냈다. 연탄재를 혼합(混合)한 경우 압축강도(壓縮强度)에서 20% 인장강도(引張强度)에서 15~20%, 곡강도(曲强度)에서 20% 첨가(添加)할 때 최대치(最大値)를 나타냈다. 연탄재 첨가(添加)의 경우가 플라이애쉬 첨가(添加)의 경우 보다 저강도(低强度)이나 양생온도(養生溫度)의 조절(調節)로 소요(所要)의 강도(强度)를 얻을수 있기 때문에 혼화재(混和材)로서 개발(開發)할 여지(餘地)가 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2015

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term performance of various concrete composites in natural marine environment prevailing in the Gulf region. Durability assessment studies of such nature are usually carried out under aggressive environments that constitute seawater, chloride and sulfate laden soils and wind, and groundwater conditions. These studies are very vital for sustainable development of marine and off shore reinforced concrete structures of industrial design such as petroleum installations. First round of testing and evaluation, which is presented in this paper, were performed by standard tests under laboratory conditions. Laboratory results presented in this paper will be corroborated with test outcome of ongoing three years field exposure conditions. The field study will include different parameters of investigation for high performance concrete including corrosion inhibitors, type of reinforcement, natural and industrial pozzolanic additives, water to cement ratio, water type, cover thickness, curing conditions, and concrete coatings. Like the laboratory specimens, samples in the field will be monitored for corrosion induced deterioration signs and for any signs of failureover initial period ofthree years. In this paper, laboratory results pertaining to microsilica (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), epoxy coated rebars and calcium nitrite corrosion inhibitor are very conclusive. Results affirmed that the supplementary cementing materials such as GGBS and SF significantly impacted and enhanced concrete resistivity to chloride ions penetration and hence decrease the corrosion activities on steel bars protected by such concretes. As for epoxy coated rebars applications under high chloride laden conditions, results showed great concern to integrity of the epoxy coating layer on the bar and its stability. On the other hand corrosion inhibiting admixtures such as calcium nitrite proved to be more effective when used in combination with the pozzolanic additives such as GGBS and microsilica.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 개발된 황토결합재를 이용한 무시멘트 모르타르의 유동성과 압축강도에 대한 혼화제 재의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 실험은 혼화제 재의 종류와 치환율에 따라 4그룹으로 분류되어 진행되었다. 시리즈 I은 고성능 감수제의 치환율에 따라, 시리즈 II는 물/황토결합재 비 50%, 60% 및 70%에서 고로슬래그와 팽창시멘트 치환율에 따라, 시리즈 III은 고로슬래그 비표면적과 치환율에 따라, 그리고 시리즈 IV에서는 콘크리트의 경시변화를 위해 개발된 분말형 혼화제인 PSP제의 치환율을 변화시켰다. 실험 결과에 근거하여 무시멘트 황토모르타르의 플로우와 압축 강도 향상을 위한 각 혼화재의 적정 치환율이 제시되었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 화력발전소에서 발생하는 폐기물인 리젝트 애시를 자원화하기 위하여 시멘트 혼합재로 사용하는 방안을 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 포졸란 활성도 비교를 통하여 효율적인 리젝트애시의 분말도를 선정하였으며, 현재 널리 사용되고 있는 콘크리트용 혼합재인 플라이애시와 비교하였다. 고분말 리젝트애시와 플라이애시를 슬래그시멘트와 혼합하여 시멘트복합체를 제조하였으며, 제조한 시멘트복합체 및 고분말 리젝트애시의 성능 평가를 위하여 페이스트(응결, 유동성, 기기분석), 모르타르(압축강도) 실험을 실시하였다. 기기분석 결과 고분말 리젝트애시의 수화반응기구는 플라이애시와 유사하지만 미세조직이 치밀해지는 특성을 나타내었다. 물성 측정결과에서는 고분말 리젝트애시가 플라이애시와 비교하여 응결지연이 감소하고, 초기강도 및 장기강도에서 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 따라서 리젝트애시의 분말도를 $6,000cm^2$/g 수준으로 상향시킨다면 시멘트 복합체에 활용하는 것이 가능하며, 시멘트 물성 향상에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.