• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.338-352
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• 1999

This research was carried to investigate the food preference of students, from elementary school, middle school, high school, university and industrial workers on Jinju, Sacheon and Jinyang by age and sex. The results were obtained as follows. In case of rice as the stationary food, plain white boiled rice showed the highest preference among all the groups. Most of groups liked most of one-dish meals such as kimbab, fried rice with kimchi, dumplings and bibimbab, especially the elementary school students and middle school students. On the other hand, high percentage of industrial workers disliked the western food such as pizza, hamburger and sphagetti. Most of subjects liked jajangmun, nangmun and bibimgooksu as noodles. As the side dishes generally they prefer the soup to stew. Male prefer the soup with beef and female prefer soup with vegetables. Stew with kimchi and stew with soybean paste showed high preference among most of groups. Most of broil food showed high preference, and students prefer meat to fish as broil cooking materials especially younger students. As a general they liked soybean sprout, spinach and wild sesame leaf as namul cooking method and they liked korean cabbage kimchi, chonggak kimchi, kackdoogi and dongchimi as kimchi. As a dessert subjects liked most of fruits and they liked yoghurt, fruit juice, milk, sikhae and soda as drinks generally. On the other hand snacks such as cooky, candy, cake, corn, rice cake, sweet potato have the lowest percentage preferance as a dessert, but students from elementary schools showed the highest preferance to sweet such as cooky, cake and candy than any other group. These food preferance results showed some nutritional problems especially young age students. They should eat more green-yellow vegetables, liver food and dried small sardine and they should reduce snacks such as candy and cooky and soda drinks. Therefore it is necessary to conduct nutrition education by parents, teachers and dietician together to improve their food habits and their health.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 2022

This study analyzed results of the rounding guidance by applying the nutrition management check list at of the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFM). Totally, 271 foodservices for children (65 institutional foodservices, 53 small scale foodservices, 153 family child care homes) were examined to identify the necessity of implementing a nutrition management strategy, and subsequently creating a priority list for nutrition management improvement measures. Of the 13 items examined in the nutrition management check list for children's foodservices from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 8 performed well, with an overall performance rate of 90% or more. Improvement plans were required for items (all belonging to the menu area) such as 'Post menu on noticeboard at children's foodservice' (62.0%), 'Use the menu planned by dietician' (64.9%), 'Use menu suitable for recipients in children's foodservice' (76.8%), and 'Provide menu to parents' (79.0%)'. In the analysis of service size, the performance rate for 'Use menu suitable for recipients in children's foodservice' revealed a substantially lower result (P<0.01) for institutional foodservices (64.6%), as compared to small scale foodservices (71.7%) and family child care homes (83.7%). Since other check list items, did not show much differences by the service size, we ascertained it pointless to establish separate strategies based on different foodservice sizes.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.200-210
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• 2003

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of a health promotion program(HPP) on self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle and blood lipid profile in employees with hyperlipidemia. Methods: The subjects were forty-three employees who were diagnosed as having hyperlipidemia during routine health examination at two worksites in Seoul in 2001. Of the forty-three subjects, thirty were allocated to the experimental group and the remaining thirteen were allocated to the control group. Data were collected from September 24, 2001 to March 16, 2002. The HPP was applied to the experimental group for 11 weeks and included health education, diet counseling, watching videos, conference, and so on. The health education included information about exercise, smoking cessation, and abstinence from drinking alcohol and seven sessions of hyperlipidemia education. The experimental group was requested to keep a daily health promotion lifestyle diary. This diary was analyzed by a dietician and subjects were instructed based on the results. As for data analyses, wilcoxon signed rank test and wilcoxon rank sum test and x2-test were carried out using SAS program. Results: 1. Self-efficacy scores of the experimental group were significantly more increased than those of the control group (experimental: 5.86 10.80, control: -4.04 11.91, p=0.018). 2. Healthy lifestyle scores of the experimental group were significantly more increased than those of the control group (experimental: 0.19 0.26, control: -0.05 0.29, p=0.024). 3. Blood total cholesterol values of the experimental group were significantly more decreased than those of the control group (experimental: -13.07 30.10mg/dl, control: 10.00 26.57mg/dl, p=0.033). 4. Blood triglyceride values of the experimental group were significantly more decreased than those of the control group (experimental: -29.17 192.40mg/dl, control: 63.31 107.53mg/dl, p=0.050). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the HHP could be effective in improving self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle and blood HDL cholesterol and decreasing blood total cholesterol in employees with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the HHP could be suggested as an effective nursing intervention for employees in the worksite by ultimately preventing cerebral and cardiac vessel complications related to hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

To provide data necessary for effectively applying the HACCP system by understanding the current application condition of HACCP system and satisfaction level of the dietician in elementary schools, a mail-in survey was conducted on dieticians serving for 227 elementary schools applying HACCP system in Kyungsangbuk-Do since November 1, 2001 to December 20, 2001. 83.5% of the subjected schools were conducting more than 50% of HACCP cooking process management, and the level of cooking process management displayed significant relevance according to the number of dieticians serving the school meals. The area that was not well conducted in the field of HACCP system was proven to be water examination(94.0%), inspection on self-sanitation of cooks prior to cooking(90.6%), and maintenance of dry kitchen floor(l4.8%). The reason why the above areas are not well conducted was because of lack of time due to over workloads. Subjective dieticians had pointed out improvement of sanitary concept(58.1%) and improvement of self-sanitation (28.8%) as benefits of applying HACCP. 21.2% of the subjective dieticians were satisfied with application HACCP and 35.2% were dissatisfied with applying HACCP. In case of which the duration of applying the HACCP was longer than one year and in case of higher rate of HACCP cooking process management and longer work experience of the dieticians, the level of satisfaction was proven to be significantly higher. The most difficult things to follow in important management categories according to the features of dietitian work and work experience were food distribution of CCP7 step and maintenance of optimum temperature(70.7%). Subjective dieticians had pointed out insufficient facility or environment and lack of inspection equipments in order regarding problems of applying HACCP. Also in the level of necessity of improvement categories in applying HACCP, dieticians had replied that facility and equipment improvement was mostly needed. Due to the induction of HACCP system in school meals, comparatively well cooking process management is being conducted, and I believe it could contribute in securing safety and quality improvement of school meal by improving the sanitation concept of the dieticians. However, the satisfaction level of dieticians are rather low and there are many difficulties in maintaining optimum temperature in the process of food distribution and transportation process. Also, lack of facilities and environment, lack of inspection equipments and etc are pointed out as problems of inducing HACCP. Thus, to settle HACCP system, it is believed that brave investment must be preceded.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.864-872
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of resistance trained males in relation to protein and carbohydrate intakes in comparison with the recommended values. Thirty-four male bodybuilders ($27.0{\pm}2.1years,\;173.5{\pm}5.0cm,\;8.3{\pm}0.61%$ body fat), twenty-four male weight lifters ($20.9{\pm}2.1years,\;171.8{\pm}6.9cm,\;7.6{\pm}0.98%$ body fat) and twenty-five male non-athletes ($26.9{\pm}2.5years,\;175.3{\pm}5.7cm,\;8.5{\pm}0.95%$ body fat) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey by twenty-four hour dietary recall methods. All diets were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional (Pro) analyzer by a registered dietician. Body fat was measured using skin fold thickness. The average time spent in resistance training was $18.0{\pm}1.7$ hrs/week for body builders and $14.6{\pm}8.7$ hrs/week for weight lifters. Total daily calories were $2583.6{\pm}874.8kcal\;(31.9{\pm}11.9kcal/kg)$ for bodybuilders, $3565.9{\pm}1281.8kcal\;(42.7{\pm}15.0kcal/kg)$ for weight lifters and $2016.0{\pm}955.3kcal\;(28.1{\pm}13.9kcal/kg)$ for non-athletes (p=0.001). Percent of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat 64.2%, 27.1%, and 8.7% for bodybuilders, and 66.3%, 18.6%, and 15.1% for weight lifters. The mean protein intake was $1.9{\pm}1.2g/kg$ of BW for bodybuilders, $1.6{\pm}0.6g/kg$ of BW for male weight lifters and $1.1{\pm}0.69g/kg$ of BW for non-athletes. Although dietary calcium (78.7%) and riboflavin (86.3%) intakes for bodybuilders were below the RDA, dietary intakes of micronutrients were not deficient. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and micronutrients for the resistance trained athletes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.520-525
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• 2014

Purpose: Childhood obesity is an increasing public health issue worldwide. We examined dietary patterns among adolescents in a dormitory school, identified obese adolescents and tried to intervene to improve food habits and physical activity. Methods: We conducted an experimental prospective longitudinal study based on 36 obese (body mass index $[BMI]{\geq}95th$ percentile) adolescents (aged 12-18 years) compared with controls (healthy children: normal age-appropriate BMI ($BMI{\leq}85th$ percentile). Six months' intervention included lifestyle-modification counseling (once a week by a clinical dietician), and an exercise regimen twice a week, 60 minutes each time, instructed by a professional pediatric trainer). Both groups underwent baseline measurements at the beginning of the study and 6 months later (arterial stiffness, blood pressure, pulse, weight and height, hemoglobin, creatinine, liver enzymes, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and complete lipid profile). Results: Twenty-one participants completed the study. Low compliance from participants, school staff and parents was observed (participation in planned meetings; 71%-83%). BMI significantly decreased from $32.46{\pm}3.93kg/m^2$ to $30.32{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$ (P=0.002) in the study group. Arterial stiffness was not significantly different between the 2 groups and did not change significantly after 6 months' intervention (P=0.494). No significant changes in CRP and lipid profile were observed after the intervention. Conclusion: Making lifestyle modifications among adolescents in a dormitory school is a complex task. Active intervention indeed ameliorates BMI parameters. However, in order to maximize the beneficial effects, a multidisciplinary well-trained team is needed, with emphasis on integrating parents and the school environment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine prerequisite-program performance of the hospital foodservice operation and develop measures for improvement of prerequisite-program performance. Methods: Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 hospital dieticians in the Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang areas. Out of total questionnaires, 65 questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (ver 20.0) for ${\chi}^2-test$ and one-way ANOVA. Results: According to the result of the prerequisite-program evaluation, the percentage of 'appropriate', 'needs to be improved', and 'inappropriate' was 44.6%, 47.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. The score for the 'inappropriate' group was significantly lower than that of the 'appropriate' group or 'needs to be improved' group on the food safety management (p < 0.001), preparation facility management (p < 0.001), water management (p < 0.001), and storage transportation management (p < 0.05) parts. Holding rate of foodservice facility and equipments in the 'appropriate' group were significantly higher than in the others on convection oven (p < 0.01), air conditioner (p < 0.01), three-compartment sink (p < 0.01), hot-holding equipment (p < 0.01), cold-holding equipment (p < 0.05), exclusive thawing refrigerator (p < 0.05), and sterilizer for sanitary shoes (p < 0.05) items. Conclusion: To improve the quality of hospital foodservice, foodservice managers and HACCP specialists should develop and implement a prerequisite-program and a HACCP plan considering the characteristics of the hospital foodservice operation.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.335-348
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate how the current elementary school teachers think about nutrition education, how they are teaching, and what kind of problems have occurred. And this study was made to provide basic materials to be used for the effective nutrition education in the elementary school. The survey was done on 60 elementary school teachers and 570 elementary school students of the 5th and 6th grade in Gyeonggi Province by questionnaire and analyzed for the perception of nutrition education, current status of nutrition education, nutrition knowledge and cooking knowledge. The average scores of nutrition knowledge were 2.72 for male and 3.75 for female students out of full score of 5. The fifth grade students learned more nutrition education than the sixth grade ones in accordance with the different curricula. Nutrition education was taught as apart of other subjects(87%) and mainly done by lectures. For most of the students, information source of the nutrition education was the meal service(47.4%) and the most common one was the Internet that 38.1 % of the teachers used. Most of the students responded that nutrition education was necessary in the curriculum of elementary school for proper growth(36.2%), intelligence(25.9%), health(21.5%), and dieting(16.4%). The perception for the suitable teacher was in the order of nutrition specialist and dietician. And the right time of the related class was in the order of spare time everyday, a special activity time, and the meal service time. The important contents of nutrition education were in the order of proper eating habits, growth & nutrition, food hygiene and diseases. Nutrition problems of the elementary students were in the order of unbalanced diet, too much ingestion of processed and instant foods, lack of table manners, and child fatness and weakness. 80.0% of the teachers supported the early nutrition education and demanded it should begin when children are in kindergarten. The analysis showed that nutrition education should be taught by parents(29.4%), teachers(29.2%), and nutritionists(25.9%) and that family and school should cooperate closely. Main responses of the teachers to the children's problems were that they had too much instant food, did not eat in a variety, and had no manners in eating. Ironically, they thought malnutrition, fainting and growth stunt were not important nutrition related problems.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2002

For the introduction of HACCP to industry food service, a survey was conducted from 150 dieticians and 40 managers on their recognition on HACCP system. The questionnaire of the survey included the status of current food safety management, management responsibilities, recognition on HACCP, problems in HACCP introduction. The majority of respondents was satisfied with the current food safety management, and the food service managers were more confident than dieticiant in terms of food safety. Foodservice managers (100%) and dieticians (96%) recognized HACCP system; however, they responded the application of HACCP to industry food service were only 27% and 12.5%, respectively. They pointed out the reasons that they cannot introduce HACCP to their industry food service were the lack of benefits and good facilities. Dieticians strongly recognized the need of correction oi food safety manasement in industry food service, compared with food service managers. The results suggest that the introduction of HACCP to industry food servife should be accomplislled by continuous education and information on food safety, improving facilities and a variety of benefits to HACCP-implemented companies from the government.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2002

A case-controlled, 12 week follow-up, study was designed to investigate the effect of dietician-delivered medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on the nutritional status and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Subjects were recruited at Kyung-Hee Medical Center and were randomly assigned to two groups : the control and the MNT group. The MNT group received individualized MNT for 12 weeks. The results were as follows: 1) The mean ages of the control (n = 20) and MNT (n = 24) groups were 50.6 $\pm$ 14.8 and 45.7 $\pm$ 14.0 years, and the mean durations of dialysis were 2.3 $\pm$ 2.3 and 1.7 $\pm$ 1.9 years, respectively. The interdialysis weight gain of the subjects was higher than that recommended. 2) The indicators of the subjects nutritional status showed that S to 25% of the subjects had some degree of malnutrition, with most of them in the mild malnutrition category. 3) After 12 weeks of the experiment, the percentage of the ideal body weight (% IBW) of the control group decreased, but that of the MNT group increased. Changes in other anthropometric parameters in both groups during the study period were not significantly different. 4) At the beginning of the study, the 54% of the MNT group consumed more than 28 kcal/kg body weight/day and 50% consumed more than 1.0g protein/kg body weight/day. However, these percentages rose to 71% and 75%, respectively, after 12 weeks of the individualized MNT. 5) The serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of the control group decreased significantly artier 12 weeks of the experiment, while those of the MNT group did not change. 6) After 12 weeks of individualized MNT, the mean score of nutrition knowledge and total mean score of quality of life (QL) of the MNT group were significantly higher than that of th\ulcorner control group. Body pain and social functioning scores of the MNT group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The positive effect of individualized MNT on the hemodialysis patients consisted of their improved nutritional status, nutritional knowledge, and the quality of life. These results suggest that individualized MNT continuously performed by a dietitian can be helpful for hemodialysis patients. However, larger and longer term studies are needed to confirm these positive effects of MNT. In addition, the development of nutritional education programs for MNT is needed to increase the positive impact of MNT.