• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2001

Dieting behaviors prevail among most women and are highly increasing among female adolescents who don't have to lose weight. The dieting behaviors of normal or low weight groups are highly related to the negative impact of health risk behaviors. We need a strategy for intervening in the dieting behaviors of relevant groups. With this background, a study was conducted to examine the current situation of dieting behaviors and related factors in middle school girls, and to provide guidelines for the relevant dieting group. This survey was carried out by self-questionnaires passed out to 901 middle school girls from 3 middle schools in Seoul. Data were collected from April 10th, 2000 to April 17th, 2000 and 794 respondents' data were finally selected for analysis. The instruments of this study were Shin's scale for effects of mass-media, Birleson's depression self-rating scale translated by shim, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Smilkstein's Family APGAR score translated by Yoon, Kim's school-related adjustment scale. The credibility of instruments was 0.41~0.83 in the pilot study and 0.70~0.86 in the main study. The summary of results was as follows: 1. The general characteristics of respondents were analyzed. In comparison of grade and dieting behaviors, the subjects of the group perceived that their body image was obeser than their real body image and their ideal body image was slenderer than their current body image. A dieter's body image was seriously distorted. 2. The dieting behaviors were analyzed. The Subjects' BMI was within the normal to low range -- they didn't have to lose weight. But actually 47.3% of the respondents were dieters. Their main dieting methods were exercise(71.8%), computer games(64.9%) such as DDR and pump, and intake reduction(64.1%). Most dieters were using desirable methods such as exercise and intake control. But unhealthy methods such as saunax, smoking and harmful drug-use were also used by a few dieters. The main reason for dieting was attractiveness. The chief resources of dieting methods were mass-media(67.8%), friends(64.3%), and parents & relatives(35.1%). Only a few subjects obtained the information from health professionals. While they were trying to lose weight, 42.1% of the subjects experienced side effects such as dizziness(45.0%), apathy(20.5%), appetite loss(18.5%), amenorrhea and the irregularity of the menstrual cycle(16.6%). 3. The relationship between dieting behaviors and factors was analyzed. Dieting behaviors were significantly related to the experience of menarche, the experience of dating with heterosexuals, perceived body image, self-esteem, depression, family's relationship, school instruction-related adjustment, school life-related adjustment, and the effect of mass-media. After that, the multiple logistic regression was used. The analysis revealed that dating, perceived body image, the experience of menarche and the effect of mass media were significant factors. In conclusion, strategies for preventing irrelevant dieting behaviors are urgently required to enhance female adolescents' ability to choose the right information from countless others and to recognize their optimum body image.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2014

Considerable research in dieting has examined the goal priming effect that promotes successful dieting. However, priming literature found that the process of which priming is led to behaviors involves not only the priming construct itself but the momentary self-concept activated by the priming. Based on this notion, studies examined whether the active self-concept as an "unsuccessful dieter" or "successful dieter" determines the priming-to-behavior effect in dieting. Study 1 used contexts of the prime as manipulation for participants' active-self following the prime and measured their chronic self-concept in dieting (rated on the Perceived Self-Regulation Success [PSRS] in dieting scale) as a moderator. The result supported the active-self account for the effect of the dieting prime. The interaction of the PSRS scores and the priming contexts was found in the dieting behavior of participants. Participants whose chronic self-concept in dieting is unsuccessful (the low PSRS) showed the goal-congruent priming effect only in the condition where the priming context reminded them of their self-concept in favor of dieting success. In the context where their dieting failure in the past became salient, however, the participants with the low PSRS were more likely to succumb to tempting food. In contrast, eating behaviors of the high PSRS participants were independent of the contexts. Study 2 tested a possible mechanism from the active-self to the behaviors. It is concluded that the active-self operates in the priming process by influencing anticipatory thoughts rather than automatic responses toward foods. The implications for understanding repeated dieting failures and designing practical interventions to help dieters are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between objective obesity, subjective obesity, body attitudes and dieting among college women. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 531 women. BMI was calculated based on self-reported weight and height. Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) was used to evaluate attitude toward women's body. Result: BMI mean score was 19.75. Based on BMI, 84.2 percent of the subjects were in a normal weight range and 0.9 percent of the subjects were obese. However, 26.9 percent of the subjects evaluated themselves as obese. Forty-one percent of the subjects were on a diet to reduce thier body weight. Body attitudes were associated with BMI and subjective obesity. BMI of the dieters was higher than that of the subjects who were not on a diet. Subjective obesity was associated with dieting. BAQ subscales except 'attractiveness' were associated with dieting. Conclusion: Many subjects were on a diet since they wanted to be thinner. Body attitudes were associated with dieting. Therefore, proper education is needed in weight management for young adult women.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2008

This study examined the dieting behaviors and diet-influencing factors among college students in the Youngnam region. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaires during May, 2007. One hundred-ninety samples were ultimately analyzed by SPSS Windows. The results were as follows. First, when comparing calculated BMI with perception of individual body image, many respondents regarded themselves as overweight although they were within normal BMI. Second, over four-fifths of the respondents indicated they were concerned with diet, and many respondents answered that they needed education and information on dieting. In terms of diet knowledge, the mean for correct answers was 77.9%. Mass media were very important sources for acquiring diet information, and the most popular dieting method was fasting therapy. The results of regression analyses to determine the factors affecting several dieting practices showed that grade, monthly allowances, diet awareness, diet knowledge, perception of individual body image, and BMI were significant.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.537-546
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• 2013

Deiters' cells are the supporting cells in organ of Corti and are suggested to play an important role in biochemical and mechanical modulation of outer hair cells. We successfully isolated functionally different $K^+$ currents from Deiters' cells of guinea pig using whole cell patch clamp technique. With high $K^+$ pipette solution, depolarizing step pulses activated strongly outward rectifying currents which were dose-dependently blocked by clofilium, a class III anti-arrhythmic $K^+$ channel blocker. The remaining outward current was transient in time course whereas the clofilium-sensitive outward current showed slow inactivation and delayed rectification. Addition of 5 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) further blocked the remaining current leaving a very fast inactivating transient outward current. Therefore, at least three different types of $K^+$ current were identified in Deiters' cells, such as fast activating and fast inactivating current, fast activating slow inactivating current, and very fast inactivating transient outward current. Physiological role of them needs to be established.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.521-532
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• 2008

The study aims to examine college students' practice characteristics related to diet and to identify factors determining their diet practice. The subjects were college students (N=387) in Youngnam region; a questionnaire survey was conducted in May, 2007. The data were analyzed by SPSS Windows. The results are as follows: first, the ratio of female students going on a diet is higher than that of male students. Second, according to the BMI, female students more regard themselves as being overweight than male students do, although they are underweight or normal weight. Third, in the interest in diet, almost half the students think of themselves as being "somewhat" or "much" concerned about diet. Fourth, the binary logistic regression analysis shows that the significant factors affecting female students' diet practice are the variables of "grade", "interest in diet", "body image evaluation in the individuals", "information/education requirement on dietary guidelines", and "necessity to go on a diet". On the other hand, the significant variables affecting male students' diet practice are the variables of "to take diet- or health-related courses", "interest in diet", "diet knowledge", and "diet practice".

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.92-101
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and the current condition of musculoskeletal pain sufferers among fitness center users. The investigation used self-reporting questionnaire with the 797 subjects. On average, the subjects were 30.6 years old, 168.8 cm in height and 65.2 kg in weight. Among them, 423 were male (53.1%) and 374 were female (46.9%). Out of them, 276 suffered from pain, (35.2%). More men felt muscle aches than women (p<.05). In terms of pain, lower back area topped the list with 44.9%, followed by the lower extremities (30.1%), the neck (17.8%) and the upper part of the body (17.8%). Dieters suffered the most from pain (86.2%) while those exercising to build strength suffered the least with 26.8%. There was a significant relationship between the purpose for exercising and the amount of pain suffered (p<.05). By kind of exercise, pain stroke aerobic exercisers disproportionately with 42.4% while it almost steered clear of exercisers for strengthening with 26.9%. There was significant relationship between the kind of exercise and pain suffered (p<.05). The type of suffering differed by body shape. A significantly higher number of overweight people experienced pain than underweight people (p<.05). 32.8% of pain sufferers commented that the pain affects their workout, and on this issue there was no gender difference (p>.05). The pain caused more difficulties in doing activities of daily living for overweight or obese peoples than underweight peoples (p<.05). More than a third of health club and fitness center users are experiencing musculoskeletal pains. Measures such as professional training or information provision is required to prevent injury or disorder caused by improper exercise.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.163-175
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to collect fundamental data for weight control education based on obesity, weight control practices and body image in female college students. Those surveyed were 364 female college students attending universities in Seoul, Kyoung-Gi and Chung Cheung Buk Do. The data were collected from June 1, 1999 to September 10, 1999. The resulting data are as follows: 1. The mean BMI of the female college students was 19.78:t1.87kg/$\textrm{m}^2$, which comes within the range of normal weight. Underweight, normal weight and overweight students were respectively 27.2%, 66.8% and 5.5%. As many as 7.1% of the underweight students and 42.8% of the normal weight students described themselves as being "fatty". 2. Of these subjects, 83.5% reported wanting to lose weight, and the primary reason of weight control was to improve their appearance. The mean weight that they wanted to lose was 5.2$\pm$2.7kg, and 68.7% of the respondents had tried to lose weight. Among them, the most frequently reported weight control behavior was dieting followed by exercise, 30% reported fasting, 3.6% reported using drugs, 4.4% reported smoking and 3.6% reported vomiting. As to the weight loss effect, 96.7% of the subjects used behavior modification, 82.5% of the students exercised, and 76.1% of the dieters reported they had lost weight. 3. As to body image, many female college students were dissatisfied with their body figures, especially thighs(70.3%), hips(60.4%), abdomens(60.2%), and weight(55.2%). The body image of the students that perceived themselves as "fatty" was the lowest. 4. There were significant differences in the mean weight that they wanted to lose and the weight control attempts according to weight perception. Those that perceived themselves as "fatty" wanted to lose more weight, and had more weight control experiences. In conclusion, attempts at weight control are common in the female college students and many students appear to be dissatisfied with their body shapes. It is important to educate about healthy weight control methods and raise their awareness of the positive body image.ss of the positive body image.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.377-388
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• 1997

This study was done to develop a eating behavior scale for high school girls using Stunkard and Messick(1985)'s three factors(dietary restraint disinhibition, hunger) as a conceptual framework and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. The subjects were 202 high school girls. The convenience sample is consist of 96 normal weight and 106 obese girls. Data were collected between October 28 and November 25 in 1996 and analyzed using the SPSS package. The new 32-item scale measuring these factors is presented 1. Three stable factors emerged and these contributed 45.7% of the variance in the total score. All 32 items loaded above .35 on each factor, 2. Factor 1 was named disinhibition(14 items), factor 2 was named cognitive restraint of eating(10 items), factor 3 was named hunger(8 items). Comparison of factor Ⅰ, factor Ⅱ, factor Ⅲ between normal subjects and obese subjects showed that there was a significant difference in factor Ⅱ & Ⅲ, not in factor Ⅰ. 3. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistancy was .9393 for total 32 items and .8820, .8652, .8490 for three dimensions of eating behavior in high school girls. Recommendations are suggested below : 1. Replication study with appropriate age groups be done to test validity and reliability, 2. The present developed scale must be a reliable measure of eating behavior and should have utility in further study on how effective nursing intervention related to different kind of groups such as disinhibition group and cognitive restraint of eating group. 3. To extend validity of the scale, further study is needs using more larger subjects which is consists of dieters and free eaters.